Purpose: Although Asian Americans are the only racial group for whom cancer is the leading cause of death, colorectal cancer screening is consistently lower than that of White Americans. Physicians also recommend colorectal cancer screening to Asian Americans at nearly half the rate as White Americans. This study tests a mechanism that may underlie low recommendation rates. I based my hypothesis on a conceptual model that integrates the literature on information processing and decision making with Asian American stereotypes. Methods: I conducted an online study of primary care physicians and measured their cancer screening referral behavior in response to clinical vignettes. I used the existing Asian Attitude Implicit Association Test (IAT) and developed a new Health Attitude IAT to measure implicit attitudes about Asian American foreignness and health advantages, respectively. Explicit attitudes about these constructs were also assessed through self-report. I used binary logistic regression models to evaluate the association of attitudes about Asian Americans foreignness and health advantage with screening recommendation. Results: My sample included 167 physicians (23% response rate). I found strong implicit bias that Asians are foreign (Cohen’s d = 1.09) and strong implicit bias favoring a white health advantage (Cohen’s d = -0.86). There were weaker explicit biases that Asians are foreign (Cohen’s d = 0.62). Explicit beliefs about health advantage favored Asians (Cohen’s d = 0.73). Physician race, age and gender were significant moderators of bias score. .I found no evidence of a race based screening disparity and no association between implicit or explicit bias scores and making a cancer screening recommendation. Conclusions: Foreign and health advantage biases exist among a sample of physicians, but may not influence cancer screening recommendation behavior. Physicians demonstrated both implicitly and explicitly held attitudes that Asian Americans are perpetual foreigners. Physicians also reported explicit beliefs that Asian Americans have health advantages relative to other races. Implicitly, their attitudes indicated that White Americans are a healthier group. Further research should address whether race-based cancer screening disparities persist in real world settings, both in terms of screening completion, and physician recommendation. If disparities still exist, alternate explanatory mechanisms should be identified.

LIMA, Francisco Jozivan Guedes de. O projeto Kantiano para a paz perpétua: pressupostos morais, jurídicos e políticos. 2012. 110f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-12T11:55:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-FJGLIMA.pdf: 882813 bytes, checksum: 6867aebd69bd700d0a3434c08bb71f24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-12T14:23:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-FJGLIMA.pdf: 882813 bytes, checksum: 6867aebd69bd700d0a3434c08bb71f24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-12T14:23:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-FJGLIMA.pdf: 882813 bytes, checksum: 6867aebd69bd700d0a3434c08bb71f24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / This research aims to investigate the kantian project Toward Perpetual Peace from its moral juridical and political presuppositions In Kant’s conception peace is an ideal unattainable but the fundamental principles directed to the approximation this ideal are historically possible Similar to individuals States in their mutual relations should to enter into a juridical condition Problems about the transitoriness of property freedom and violence will not be resolved unless the law be established also on the international and cosmopolitan level For the philosopher of Königsberg the constitution of each State must be republican because in the republicanism the decision on war is a prerogative of the citizens The Republican State thought by Kant can not force citizens go to war The citizens opt for peace because they don’t want to lose their life liberty security property and their rights In cosmopolitan law Kant criticizes the abuses of colonialism and accentuates the need of the respect to the right of the peoples Questions that deal with contemporary international relations such as peace treaties sovereignty public sphere Standing Armies right of interference cosmopolitanism and among others law of peoples will be addressed in this research Methodologically the research is divided into two parts one concerning to presuppositions of the Kantian project to perpetual peace and another that investigates the project itself starting the fundamental themes that are inserted in the preliminary articles in the definitive articles in the supplements and appendices. / Esta pesquisa pretende investigar o projeto kantiano Para a paz perpétua a partir de seus pressupostos morais jurídicos e políticos Na concepção de Kant a paz perpétua é um ideal inatingível mas os princípios fundamentais dirigidos à aproximação desse ideal são historicamente possíveis Semelhante aos indivíduos os Estados nas suas relações recíprocas devem adentrar numa condição jurídica Problemas em torno da provisoriedade da propriedade da liberdade e da violência não serão resolvidos enquanto o direito não for estabelecido também no nível internacional e cosmopolita Para o filósofo de Königsberg a constituição de cada Estado deve ser republicana porque no republicanismo a decisão sobre a guerra é uma prerrogativa do cidadão O Estado republicano pensado por Kant não pode forçar os cidadãos a entrar numa guerra Os cidadãos optam pela paz porque não querem perder sua vida liberdade segurança propriedade e seus direitos No direito cosmopolita Kant critica os abusos dos Estados colonialistas e acentua a necessidade do respeito ao direito dos povos Questões fundamentais que afetam as relações internacionais contemporâneas tais como tratados de paz esfera pública exércitos permanentes direito de intromissão cosmopolitismo e dentre outras direito dos povos serão tratadas nessa pesquisa Metodologicamente a pesquisa está dividida em duas partes uma concernente aos pressupostos do projeto kantiano para a paz perpétua e outra que investiga o próprio projeto em si a partir das temáticas fundamentais que estão inseridas nos artigos preliminares nos artigos definitivos nos suplementos e apêndices.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise do projeto de paz perpétua apresentado por Immanuel Kant em seu ensaio À Paz Perpétua: Um Projeto Filosófico. Para uma melhor compreensão crítica desse projeto, o trabalho vai além de Paz Perpétua e analisa outros escritos políticos de Kant, como, por exemplo, Metafísica dos Costumes e O Conflito das Faculdades. O trabalho também inclui a análise de intérpretes contemporâneos da obra de Kant. A metodologia do trabalho foi analisar as obras de Kant, e também obras de seus intérpretes, pertinentes ao tema da deontologia da paz. O foco da exposição do trabalho foi o caráter deontológico que Kant atribui ao seu projeto de paz. A ideia kantiana de uma deontologia da paz é composta por uma série de conceitos, deveres e ideias. Por isso, a análise desse trabalho se dirige principalmente ao exame dessas partes integrantes da deontologia da paz. Ideias como republicanismo, estado de natureza, liga de Estados livres, Estado mundial, direito cosmopolita, hospitalidade, etc, foram os principais objetos de análise desse trabalho. Ao final do trabalho, podemos concluir que a realização da paz perpétua não é um dever moral sem importância na filosofia prática de Kant, mas sim o sumo bem político cuja possibilidade de implementação está intrinsicamente ligada à própria validade da doutrina do direito. O trabalho também conclui que o projeto de Kant tem muita influência nas relações internacionais contemporâneas. Doutrinas como a da democracia cosmopolita e a da paz pela democracia enxergam o projeto de paz de Kant como base teórica para suas propostas. / In this work an analysis of the perpetual peace project presented by Immanuel Kant in his essay Towards Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch was conducted. In order to better critically understand this project, this work goes beyond Perpetual Peace and analyses other political writings of Kant, such as, for example, The Metaphysics of Morals and The Strife of Faculties. The work also includes analyses of Kants work made by contemporary commentators. The methodology of the work was to analyse Kants works, and also his commentatorss works that are relevant to the topic of the deontology of peace. The focus of the works exposition was the deontological aspect that Kant assigns to his peace project. The Kantian idea of a deontology of peace is composed of a series of concepts, duties and ideias. As a result, this works analysis is directed, mainly, to the examination of these parts that together constitute the deontology of peace. Ideas such as republicanism, state of nature, league of free states, world state, cosmopolitan law, hospitality, etc, were the main objects of this works analysis. At the end of the work, we can conclude that the implementation of perpetual peace is not an unimportant moral duty in Kants practical philosophy, but the highest political good whose possibility of implementation is intrinsically connected with the doctrine of rights validity. The work also concludes that Kants project has a lot of influence in contemporary international relations. Doctrines such as the cosmopolitan democracy and the peace through democracy hold Kants peace project as theoretical basis for their proposals.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise do projeto de paz perpétua apresentado por Immanuel Kant em seu ensaio À Paz Perpétua: Um Projeto Filosófico. Para uma melhor compreensão crítica desse projeto, o trabalho vai além de Paz Perpétua e analisa outros escritos políticos de Kant, como, por exemplo, Metafísica dos Costumes e O Conflito das Faculdades. O trabalho também inclui a análise de intérpretes contemporâneos da obra de Kant. A metodologia do trabalho foi analisar as obras de Kant, e também obras de seus intérpretes, pertinentes ao tema da deontologia da paz. O foco da exposição do trabalho foi o caráter deontológico que Kant atribui ao seu projeto de paz. A ideia kantiana de uma deontologia da paz é composta por uma série de conceitos, deveres e ideias. Por isso, a análise desse trabalho se dirige principalmente ao exame dessas partes integrantes da deontologia da paz. Ideias como republicanismo, estado de natureza, liga de Estados livres, Estado mundial, direito cosmopolita, hospitalidade, etc, foram os principais objetos de análise desse trabalho. Ao final do trabalho, podemos concluir que a realização da paz perpétua não é um dever moral sem importância na filosofia prática de Kant, mas sim o sumo bem político cuja possibilidade de implementação está intrinsicamente ligada à própria validade da doutrina do direito. O trabalho também conclui que o projeto de Kant tem muita influência nas relações internacionais contemporâneas. Doutrinas como a da democracia cosmopolita e a da paz pela democracia enxergam o projeto de paz de Kant como base teórica para suas propostas. / In this work an analysis of the perpetual peace project presented by Immanuel Kant in his essay Towards Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch was conducted. In order to better critically understand this project, this work goes beyond Perpetual Peace and analyses other political writings of Kant, such as, for example, The Metaphysics of Morals and The Strife of Faculties. The work also includes analyses of Kants work made by contemporary commentators. The methodology of the work was to analyse Kants works, and also his commentatorss works that are relevant to the topic of the deontology of peace. The focus of the works exposition was the deontological aspect that Kant assigns to his peace project. The Kantian idea of a deontology of peace is composed of a series of concepts, duties and ideias. As a result, this works analysis is directed, mainly, to the examination of these parts that together constitute the deontology of peace. Ideas such as republicanism, state of nature, league of free states, world state, cosmopolitan law, hospitality, etc, were the main objects of this works analysis. At the end of the work, we can conclude that the implementation of perpetual peace is not an unimportant moral duty in Kants practical philosophy, but the highest political good whose possibility of implementation is intrinsically connected with the doctrine of rights validity. The work also concludes that Kants project has a lot of influence in contemporary international relations. Doctrines such as the cosmopolitan democracy and the peace through democracy hold Kants peace project as theoretical basis for their proposals.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:06:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 patrick.pdf: 621452 bytes, checksum: 741dd9780ff7af6960a3dae037c72037 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-04 / In this present work, it will be attempted an inquirement on the theorization of a world federative system idealized by the german philosopher Immanuel Kant. Within this frame, will be investigate the solution accomplished for the coexistence issue of a myriad of states and its disagreement. Kant developed a philosophy of history witch predicts a steady evolution of companionship founded by the use of reason. And it, on one hand, would warrant the expectation of a peaceful resolution of conflicts were philosophycly possible throughout the development of a federative organism capable to mediate conflicts. This work is focused on Kant s ideas contained in the text: Perpetual Peace . For the german philosopher, the so-called perpetual peace lies on the edge of time or yet an objective to be followed by the states due to a disposition for the progress that leads to the accomplishment of a so-called higher political virtue. It is intended to assess the weight of Kant s ideas for contemporary liberal democracy and the present debate on human rights within current liberal democracies. It is brought forward yet that Kant is still relevant for contemporary liberal democracy in the sense of developing solutions for political tension that arises on the horizon of a newly born century. / No presente trabalho, tentaremos examinar a teorização de um sistema federativo mundial idealizado pelo filósofo alemão Immanuel Kant. Dentro do diapasão kantiano, investigar-se-á a solução encontrada para o problema da convivência entre uma miríade de Estados com diversos interesses conflitantes. Kant desenvolvera uma filosofia da história que previa uma constante evolução da convivência baseada no uso da razão o que, por sua vez, afiançava a expectativa de que a resolução pacífica dos conflitos era filosoficamente factível através da criação de um organismo federativo que mediasse os conflitos existentes. O trabalho se concentra no entendimento das idéias kantianas contidas no opúsculo A Paz Perpétua Um Projeto Filosófico . Para o doutrinador alemão, a pretensa paz perpétua é uma situação limite ou ainda um objetivo a ser perseguido pelos diversos Estados devido a uma disposição para o progresso que conduz a uma realização de um pretenso sumo bem político. Pretende-se avaliar o peso das idéias kantianas para a democracia liberal contemporânea e o atual debate acerca dos direitos humanos dentro desses mesmos Estados liberais. Aduz-se que Kant ainda tem o que falar para as atuais democracias liberais no intuito de encaminhar soluções para as tensões políticas que avolumam no horizonte do século nascente.

A better understanding of task allocation for the registered nurse (RN) within the scope of the multidisciplinary care team model is required. Patients, healthcare staff, and medical facilities that utilize RNs in multidisciplinary care teams will benefit from improved role identification. A multidisciplinary care team consists of a variety of health care professionals and without role identification, confusion, miscommunication, and negative patient outcomes can occur. A literature review demonstrated that a gap in knowledge existed related to task allocation and role identification of RNs within a multidisciplinary care team. The purpose of this study was to evaluate RNs’ scope of practice within a multidisciplinary care team of an acute care medical center and identify a new theory regarding RNs’ perceptions of their role. A grounded theory approach was used to explore and reveal these perceived role identifications through the lens of the accountability theory. The research questions and the guided interview explored RNs’ self-perceived role identifications that have shaped RNs’ expectations of their scope within the multidisciplinary care team model. The results found nurses to be experts of patient care and that the nursing role has a 24/7 responsibility while being the closest, most personal role to the patient, thus, the RN feels accountable for all the needs to the patient, even if the needs or actions are outside of the nursing assigned role or tasks. From these results emerged a new theory, the perpetual accountability theory. Identified recommendations regarding RNs’ roles and their utilization within the multidisciplinary care teams allow a positive social change of greater success at delivering best practices and optimum patient outcomes.

A study has been conducted to compare conventional pavements and perpetual pavements with a particular emphasis on perpetual pavements. One of the main drawbacks of conventional pavements and motivations for this work is the maintenance required for hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements with sub-drainage systems. Perpetual pavements, as the name suggests, are designed with a long life. However, this is a relatively new concept and there are still many unknowns concerning their performance. This dissertation was written to answer some of the questions. The study examines structural response and performance of perpetual pavements. Also, deterioration and performance of perpetual pavements will be contrasted to conventional pavements. Empirical data from the National Center of Asphalt Technology (NCAT) Test Track study was obtained, analyzed and used as a basis for evaluating theoretical models. Computational models for both conventional and perpetual pavements were constructed and analyzed using the general purpose finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Geometry, materials and loading are modeled with sufficient accuracy. This research examined several types of responses of perpetual pavements. It extends the traditional criteria of pavement distress by suggesting that longitudinal strain at the surface of a pavement HMA layer as an important criterion. Shear strain was studied and it provides a reasonable explanation of some distresses in pavements. By studying the FEA results from conventional and perpetual pavements and a thorough investigation of the thickness effects, it provides some rationale on why strain at the top of thick pavements is critical. The effects of dynamic wheel loadings are presented. Finally, the effect of environment, specifically temperature and moisture, on perpetual pavements are studied.

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The aim of this study is to explore whether activism can counteract and prevent exclusion in Christian tradition and practice. The analysis is helped by queer theologian Marcella Althaus-Reid as a primary theoretical standpoint. The study is based on Petra Carlsson's exploration of the queer nuns and activists: The Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, and the movement will be elucidated and interpreted through queer theology as expressed by Althaus-Reid. The method used is a textual analysis, where the study will compare Althaus-Reid’s queer theology and Carlsson’s radical material theology; with the aim to present, analyse and discuss activism.  First, Althaus-Reid’s queer theology is systematized thematically based on the studies analysis points: the body, symbols and activism. Secondly, the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence are presented and depicted through Carlsson’s interpretation of the movement. After this the queer nuns are compared to Althaus-Reid's queer theology, followed by a comparison of Althaus-Reid’s and Carlsson’s theologies. Lastly, with the help of Erik Gyll, the study discusses the situation for LGBT people in religious environments, such as church, and possible consequences of queer activism- and theology in Christian communities.  Althaus-Reid emphasises the need to do theology from different bodies/parts, especially those that have been excluded. She wants to liberate theological concepts from a heteronormative framework, which she believes limits people’s understanding of and access to God. Multiplicity is also prominent with Carlsson. She advocates for a performative viewpoint, that through adding expressions and expanding the imagery, it is also possible to create and change reality. The analysis indicates a need for theology which can embrace real life and experiences. The research shows that for those who create and engage in alternative expressions or activism, such participation enables access to symbols and spaces from which they were previously excluded. Therefore, it is also reasonable to conclude that it is a relevant and fruitful approach as long as people are still excluded from Christian communities, and the church is not a safe place for everyone.

No description available.