Harold Wilson, the British Prime Minister, announced in January 1968 that the British government would withdraw from the Persian Gulf by the end of 1971. For Britain, the decision indicated a re-prioritization of British global defense obligations. For the rulers of the Arab emirates of the Persian Gulf, Wilson‘s announcement signaled an end of British military protection, and the beginning of a process of negotiations that culminated in the establishment of the United Arab Emirates on December 3, 1971. An examination of the process by which the individual Persian Gulf states became a sovereign federation presents an opportunity to examine the roles of nationalism and anti-imperialism played in the establishment of the Union. This work demonstrates that Arab rulers in the Persian Gulf strove to establish their new state with close ties to Great Britain, which provided technical, military, and administrative assistance to the emirates, while also publicly embracing the popular ideologies of anti-imperialism and Arab socialism, which dominated the political discourse in the Arab world through most of the twentieth century. viii This dissertation draws on primary source materials from British and American government archives, speeches and government publications from the Arab Emirates, memoirs and a wide variety of secondary sources. These materials provide the basis for understanding the state-building process of the United Arab Emirates in the areas of pre-withdrawal development, the decision to withdraw, the problems of establishing a federal constitution, and the problems posed by the need for security in the post-withdrawal Persian Gulf. / text

This study explores the “push-pull” dynamics of Shia migration from southwestern Iran (Fars, Khuzestan and the Persian Gulf coast) to Kuwait during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although nowadays Shias constitute thirty five percent of the Kuwaiti population and their historical role in building the state of Kuwait have been substantial, no individual study has delved into the causes of Shia migration from Iran to Kuwait. By analyzing the internal political, economic, and social conditions of both regions in the context of the Gulf sheikhdoms, the British and Ottoman empires, and other great powers interested in dominating the Gulf region, my thesis examines why Shia migrants, such as merchants, artisans and laborers left southwestern Iran and chose Kuwait as their final destination to settle. The two-way trade between southwest Iran and Kuwait provided a pathway for the Shia migrants and settlers into Kuwait. Moreover, by highlighting the economic roles of the Shia community in Kuwait, my thesis enhances our understanding of the foundation and contributions of the Shia community in Kuwait. Thus it fills a significant gap in Kuwaiti historiography. The research for this thesis draws from a variety of primary sources, including British government documents, the writing of western travelers, the Almatrook business archive, and oral-history interviews with descendants of Shia immigrants to Kuwait.

This thesis presents a historical analysis of literature through the intriguing (but often overlooked) overarching concepts of art –“das Mögliche”, “das Wirkliche” and “das Unmögliche”– and the changes in the historical orientations they represent. Each concept is demonstrated through the exploration of three key texts. The first text addressed in this thesis is Aristotle’s Poetics and the realm of the “Mögliche” he founded within his argument. The second concept, the “Wirkliche”, was inspired by the German Sturm und Drang writer J.M.R. Lenz and his text Anmerkungen übers Theater. Oscar Wilde’s dialogue “The Decay of Lying” summarizes the third and final concept discussed within this thesis, the “Unmögliche”. His desire for art to be unreal represents the accumulation of German Romantic thought and Oriental influence on Western Art. Through the contexts of these three categories and their texts we can obtain a more accurate understanding of the foundations and possibilities of art.

[Truncated abstract] The Arabian Gulf oil and gas production reserves have made it one of the world's strategic producers since early 1960s, with many of the existing platforms stretched beyond their original design life. Advances in drilling technology and reservoir assessments have extended the requirement for the service life of those existing platforms even further. Extension of the life span of an existing platform requires satisfactory reassessment of its various structural components, including piled foundations. The American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 2A (API RP2A) is commonly used in the Arabian Gulf for reassessment of existing platforms. The API guidelines have been developed for conditions in the Gulf of Mexico, the waters off Alaska and the Pacific and Atlantic seaboards of the USA. However, the Arabian Gulf conditions are fundamentally different to those encountered in US waters. Hence, there is a need to develop guidelines for reassessment of existing offshore structures to account for the specific conditions of the Arabian Gulf. This thesis performs statistical analyses on databases collected during this research from existing platforms to calibrate relevant load and resistance factors for the required guidelines. The developed guidelines are based on established approaches used in developing international codes and standards such as API RP2A-LRFD. The outcome of this research revolves around the following three main issues: 1. Calibration of resistance factors for axial capacity of piles driven in the carbonate soils API RP2A (1993, 2000) does not quantify limiting soil parameters for piles driven in carbonate soils and provides a single factor to predict the capacity of piled foundations. This research identifies a set of limiting engineering parameters and calibrates corresponding capacity reduction factors to predict axial capacity of driven piles in the carbonate soils of the Arabian Gulf. ... This contrasts with Section 'R' of API RP2A (1993, 2000), which focuses on extreme environmental conditions when performing reassessment. The probabilities of failure considered in this research do not include errors and omissions (controlled by quality assurance procedures) or material deterioration (controlled by choice of materials, detailing, protective devices, and inspection and repair procedures) or reliability-based maintenance. Addressing operating overload conditions requires attending to two issues, namely the capacity of piles driven in carbonate soils and OALL, which have been addressed in this research. The operational overload situation is likely to occur during shutdown condition or during drilling or work over activities where significant OALL are usually applied to platform decks. Such operational overload can be managed by placing signs at various open areas on the platform nominating the maximum load limits (kPa), introducing procedures that ensure that maximum load limits are not exceeded during operation and management of human behavior by reinforcing the importance of following the procedures. The outcomes of this research are expected to have a profound influence on reassessment of existing platforms in the Arabian Gulf.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006. / Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim. "June 2006." AD-A451 305. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-100).

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-02-23T19:15:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Wellington2.pdf: 1778614 bytes, checksum: 94c14738c09b9b9e5c6adcb85a3227e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T19:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wellington2.pdf: 1778614 bytes, checksum: 94c14738c09b9b9e5c6adcb85a3227e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-15 / The book of Job belongs to the wisdom literature of Israel. Its content is a big debate among scholars. These formed an educated segment of the population: read and write. Wisdom was too valued and seen as prudent guidance for life. The Job 1-2 text belongs to the part of the book frame with Chapters 42.12-17. These frames were not born in the book was probably written in the fifth century BC, in the post-exilic period, during the rule of the Persians. But probably born in the tenth century BC Since its greatest value occurred at the junction of its history in the post-exile since the Persian empire brought profound changes to the lives of the people in Judah. Despite the apparent tolerance on the part of their leaders, they They have created very effective methods to achieve their goals on the subject peoples. Through a strong bureaucracy, fiscal and military controlled and guaranteed the order and the payment of taxes. The temple became the intermediary between the empire and the people. The economy and society were structured as the Persian tax regime. This economic and administrative policy favored the enrichment of the dominant sectors, and consequently the increasing impoverishment of the peasantry. The priests were leaders of the people and the theology of retribution became very strong at that time. It is from experience and observation of reality that comes from a resistance movement to the theology of retribution. At that moment stand women who courageously open their mouths and impose themselves in front of an oppressive view of Judah Temple who was abusing offers so that this form of billing could pass on the taxes owed to the empire. In chapter 2.9, Job's wife screams against this oppression before an abusive theology, leaving their mark here for the story that something was wrong in the post-exilic religion. His intention is to show that text through reality because they do not agree with the statements of the priests of the temple who hold this theology, on the infallible punishment for the rich wicked and the suffering of the poor and of women as punishment indication. KEYWORDS: Job, / O livro de Jó pertence à literatura sapiencial de Israel. Seu conteúdo é um grande debate entre sábios. Estes formavam um segmento educado da população: sabiam ler e escrever. A sabedoria era demasiadamente valorizada e concebida como orientação prudente para a vida. O texto de Jó 1-2 pertence à parte da moldura do livro juntamente com os capítulos 42.12-17. Estas molduras não nasceram no livro que provavelmente foi escrito no século V a.C., no período pós-exílio, durante a dominação dos persas. Mas provavelmente nasceram no século X a.C. Sendo que seu valor maior se deu na junção de sua história no pós-exílio, pois o império persa trouxe profundas modificações para a vida do povo em Judá. Apesar da aparente tolerância por parte de seus governantes, eles criaram métodos muito eficazes para alcançar seus objetivos sobre os povos submetidos. Através de um forte aparelho burocrático, fiscal e militar controlavame garantiam a ordem e o pagamento de tributos. O templo tornou-se o intermediário entre o império e o povo. A economia e a sociedade se estruturaram conforme o regime imposto pelos persas. Essa política econômica e administrativa favorecia o enriquecimento dos setores dominantes, e consequentemente o empobrecimento cada vez maior dos camponeses. Os sacerdotes eram lideres do povo e a teologia da retribuição se fortaleceu muito nessa época. É a partir da experiência e da observação da realidade que se origina um movimento de resistência à teologia da retribuição. Nesse momento se destacam as mulheres que corajosamente abrem suas bocas e se impõem diante de uma visão opressora do Templo de Judá que estava abusando das ofertas para que dessa forma de cobrança pudesse repassar os impostos devidos ao império. No capítulo 2,9, a mulher de Jó grita contra essa opressão diante de uma Teologia abusiva, deixando aqui sua marca para a história de que algo estava errado na religião pós-exílica. Sua intenção nesse texto é mostrar através da realidade, porque não concorda com as afirmações dos sacerdotes do templo que defendem essa teologia, sobre o castigo infalível para os ímpios ricos e sobre o sofrimento dos pobres e das mulheres como indicação de castigo.

The dissertation Magical Realism in Persian and Saudi Narrative Writing views as essential the assumption that the phenomenon of magical realism is not restricted solely to the cultures with colonial legacy, but is transferable to literary works created under systematic and systemic violence anywhere in the world. Previous research of the dissertation's author proved the existence of parallels in the dynamics of sociopolitical development of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the 20th century, foremost in the power relation of the states to their citizens and in the status of women in the society, while there was a strong tendency towards institutionalization of the traditional patriarchal, androcentric and misogynic societal paradigms since the second half of the 20th century. In the last thirty years, women have countered this situation through increased literary activity that has turned out to be an important means of self-fulfillment and emancipation. The fact that some of the most significant Iranian and Saudi women writers use magical realism directed the research to examination of this concept's relevance for the Persian and Saudi narrative writing, inquiry into the reflection of the gender issues and their comparison in both literatures. A detailed case study of two works, each from one country, led...

Cette thèse consiste à une étude comparative entre les romans arthuriens d’un côté et le Shâh-Nâme de Ferdowsi de l’autre coté sur le sujet de Graal. L’enjeu est d’étudier l’origine du Mythe du Graal et essayer d’expliquer la ressemblance entre le mythe du Graal avec le Khvarnah l’équivalent de mythe dans la littérature persane. Dans une première partie, la thèse se concentre sur une étude du mythe de Graal chez Chrétien de Troyes, Wolfram von Eschenbach et Ferdowsi. Les différentes manifestations du mythe, le sens spirituel tout autour de ce mythe seront l’objet de cette recherche dans cette partie. Dans un second temps, la thèse fait porter l’analyse sur l’origine de ce mythe tellement contesté chez les chercheurs de différentes écoles, soit l’origine celtique ou irano-aryenne. Cette thèse défendra la théorie d’origine iranienne en prenant en considération l’influence celtique du mythe. Selon ce travail, dans la structure du roman de Graal, il existe une base du folklore Alano-celtique que le néo manichéisme cathare, en l’utilisant comme la matière première, construit une couche d’initiation propre à la conviction dualiste afin d’ajouter le personnage de Perceval/Parzival à l’histoire du roi Arthur. Parzival, de ce point de vue, est plus proche de sa modèle persane Kay Khosrow. La divergence entre l’auteur français par rapport à son homologue allemand dépend de leur situation sociale ; Chrétien est l’artiste proche du pouvoir religieux de l’église catholique et Wolfram, le chevalier qui gagne sa vie en chantant, était proche des hérésies cathares et des templiers. Enfin, ce travail essaie de montrer que ce mythe d’origine aryenne, est déformé par les religions à leur fin et que le vrai sens de la quête n’est pas le salut mais le surhomme. / This thesis is a comparative study of the Arthurian romances on the one side and the Shâh-Nâmeh of Ferdowsi on the other side, referring to the subject of the Grail. The challenge is, to study the origin of the Grail myth and try to explain the similarity between the myth of the Grail and Khvarna, the equivalent myth in Persian literature. In the first part, the thesis focuses on a study of the Grail myth in the work of Chrétien de Troyes, Wolfram von Eschenbach and Ferdowsi. Different manifestations of the myth, the spiritual sense around this myth will be the subject of this research in this part. In a second step, the thesis focuses the analysis on the origin of this myth much disputed among researchers of different schools, either Irano-Aryan or Celtic origin. This thesis defends the theory of Iranian origin, taking into account the Celtic myth too. According to this work, the structure of the Grail novel is based on Alano-Celtic folklore. Thereafter, Catharism, using it as the raw material, built a layer initiation specific to dualistic belief, in order to add the character of Perceval/ Parzival to the story of King Arthur. From this point of view, Parzival is closer to the Persian Kay Khosrow model. The divergence between the French author in relation to his German counterpart depends on their different social situation; Chrétien was an artist close to the religious authority of the Catholic Church and Wolfram, the knight who earned his living by singing, was close to Cathare heresy and the Templers. Finally, this work tries to show that the origin of this Aryan myth is that distorted by religions to achieve their ends and that the true meaning of the quest is not salvation but the “Übermensch”.

Pour les historiens de la Perse, le XIIIe siècle est celui des invasions mongoles et des bouleversements considérables qu’elles entrainèrent sur tout le plateau iranien. Pour l’histoire de la littérature, cependant, ces temps de grande violence définissent un épisode unique et fondateur : la naissance de la théorie littéraire en Iran. De fait, rien ne laissait présager l’éclosion, à quelques années de distance, aux marges opposées de la Perse (Shiraz, Alamut), de deux artes poetica à part entière, intégralement conçus et rédigés pour la première fois en persan. Avec son Livre de la somme, sur les étalons des poésies des Persans (Ketāb al-mo‘jam, fī ma‘āyīr aš‘ār al-‘ajam), Šams-e Qeys-e Rāzī (circ. 1175-1240) livrait sans conteste l’ouvrage le plus complet de la tradition. L’Étalon des poésies, de la science de la métrique et des rimes (Me‘yār al-aš‘ār, dar ‘elm-e ‘aruḍ va qavāfī) du grand savant et polygraphe Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī (1201-1274), proposait quant à lui une analyse ambitieuse de l’essence de la poésie. À eux deux, ils signent le testament inaugural de la tradition poétologique persane. Ils déterminèrent en outre les deux grandes orientations de la tradition artigraphique ultérieure : l’approche esthético-littéraire, et l’approche philosophique. En proposant une lecture croisée de ces ouvrages, le présent travail espère contribuer à éclairer cet événement considérable que constitue l’avènement, en Iran, d’une véritable pensée du fait poétique. / From the point of view of Persian historiography, the 13th century identifies with the considerable changes brought about by the Mongol invasions throughout the Iranian plateau. For the history of literature, however, this sour era dates a single founding episode: the advent of literary theory in Iran. In fact, the emergence of two full-fledged artes poetica, entirely conceived and composed in the Persian language, just a few years apart, at opposite ends of the Persian lands (Shiraz, Alamut), could not easily be predicted. With his Compendium on the Standards of the Poetry of the Persians (Ketāb al-mo‘jam, fī ma‘āyīr aš‘ār al-‘ajam), Šams-e Qeys-e Rāzī (circ. 1175-1240) delivered the indisputable classic of the genre. As for The Standard of Poetry, on Metrics and Rhyme (Me‘yār al-aš‘ār, dar ‘elm-e ‘aruḍ va qavāfī) by the great scholar and polymath Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī (1201-1274), it offered a far-reaching discussion of the essence of poetry. Together, these two works embody the inaugural legacy of Persian literary theory. They further defined the two major trends followed by later authors: the estheticliterary and the philosophical approach to poetry. With this cross-reading of the texts, we hope to shed some light on an event of no little importance: the emergence, in Iran, of a genuine endeavor to account for poetry as such.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished