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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Palliative care for people with dementia: Principles, practice and implications

Froggatt, K.A., Downs, Murna G., Small, Neil A. 11 January 2008 (has links)
No
152

Individual goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation to improve everyday functioning for people with early-stage dementia: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (the GREAT trial)

Clare, L., Kudlicka, A., Oyebode, Jan, Jones, R.W., Bayer, A., Leroi, I., Kopelman, M.D., James, I.A., Culverwell, A., Pool, J., Brand, A., Henderson, C., Hoare, Z., Knapp, M., Woods, B. 06 February 2019 (has links)
Yes / Objectives: To determine whether individual goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation (CR) improves everyday functioning for people with mild-to-moderate dementia. Design and methods: Parallel group multi-centre single-blind randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing CR added to usual treatment (CR) with usual treatment alone (TAU) for people with an ICD-10 diagnosis of Alzheimer’s, vascular or mixed dementia and mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment (MMSE score ≥ 18), and with a family member willing to contribute. Participants allocated to CR received ten weekly sessions over three months and four maintenance sessions over six months. Participants were followed up three and nine months post-randomisation by blinded researchers. The primary outcome was self-reported goal attainment at three months. Secondary outcomes at three and nine months included informant-reported goal attainment, quality of life, mood, self-efficacy, and cognition, and study partner stress and quality of life. Results: We randomised (1:1) 475 people with dementia; 445 (CR=281) were included in the intention to treat analysis at three months, and 426 (CR=208) at nine months. At three months there were statistically-significant large positive effects for participant-rated goal attainment (d=0.97, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.19), corroborated by informant ratings (d=1.11, 0.89 to 1.34). These effects were maintained at nine months for both participant (d=0.94, 0.71 to 1.17) and informant ratings (d=0.96, 0.73 to 1.2). The observed gains related to goals directly targeted in the therapy. There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Cognitive rehabilitation enables people with early-stage dementia to improve their everyday functioning in relation to individual goals targeted in the therapy. / National Institute for Health, Health Technology Assessment Programme, Grant/Award Number: 11/15/04
153

Vård i hemmet av ALMA-teamet : Närståendes perspektiv

Eidborn, Johanna, Kindevåg, Åsa January 2016 (has links)
Bakgrund: Den geriatriska patienten bor i allt större utsträckning i det egna hemmet, trots multisjuklighet, vilket ställer stora krav på sjukvården. Modellen Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment  innebär helhetsbedömning av den geriatriske patientens behov och multiprofessionellt teamarbete. ALMA-teamet i västra Region Östergötland är ett sådant team som vårdar äldre patienter med komplexa vårdbehov i hemmet.  Syftet med studien var att utifrån närståendes erfarenhet och upplevelse beskriva den vård som deras anhöriga fått av ALMA-teamet i ordinärt boende.  Metoden som användes var semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys, och totalt intervjuades tolv närstående. Resultat: De närståendes erfarenheter var att ALMA-teamets hembesök gjorde vården mer lättillgänglig för patienterna, samt besparade dem besvärliga resor och långa väntetider i sjukvården. Det kunde vara tryggt att få vara hemma och ha tillgång till avancerad vård i samarbete med kommunal hemsjukvård. Gemensamma besök av ALMA-teamet och Hemsjukvården kunde både upplevas som en trygghet med samlad kompetens eller att det blev rörigt, framförallt med närvarande studenter. Det fanns hos de närstående en önskan om att ALMA-teamet skulle finnas kvar och utökas, både regionalt och nationellt. Slutsatsen är att det upplevdes positivt att vårdas i det egna hemmet och slippa resor och väntetid i sjukvården.
154

Funktionshinder, samtal och självbestämmande : En studie av brukarcentrerade möten / Disability, talk, and self-determination : A study of “user-centred” team meetings

Karlsson, Kristina January 2007 (has links)
Syftet med avhandlingen är att ur ett medborgarskaps- och kommunikativt perspektiv undersöka och problematisera funktionshindrade ”brukares” självbestämmande i samtal som förs under s.k. brukarcentrerade teammöten organiserade av en vuxen- respektive en barn- och ungdomshabilitering. I mötena deltar en funktionshindrad brukare och/eller anhöriga och professionella från skilda verksamheter. Studien baseras på diskursanalys av 18 observerade och bandinspelade möten hållna av tio olika team. Analyserna visar att brukarna hade ett mer eller mindre begränsat inflytande över samtalens organisering. Inflytandet varierade med organiseringen av samtalen samt med i vilken utsträckning brukarna deltog aktivt genom att identifiera egna problem och framtida mål. Det synliggjorde en spänning mellan ett ”idealt” självbestämmande och brukarnas förmåga/benägenhet att leva upp till de krav som det ”ideala” självbestämmandet ställde och gav upphov till situationer i vilka dilemman mellan självbestämmande och paternalism uppstod. I analyserna av hanterandet av dessa situationer framkom att deltagarna i möten utan deltagande brukare motiverade sina åsikter och beslut rörande behandlingen av brukaren genom att referera till egna övertygelser om vad som är bäst för brukaren respektive till tolkningar av brukarens egna preferenser utifrån hennes/hans agerande i vardagslivet. I möten med deltagande brukare använde övriga deltagare diskursiva strategier som var mer eller mindre paternalistiska då de innebar att de styrde brukaren på ett sätt som det inte var säkert att brukaren själv ville. I avhandlingen diskuteras vilka möjliga strategier som skulle kunna öka brukarnas självbestämmande. Utfallet relateras också till det ”samtalande” och sociala medborgarskap som brukarna i avhandlingen anses utöva samt till andra möjliga innebörder av ett socialt medborgarskapsutövande. / From a citizenship and communicative perspective the aim of the dissertation is to examine and problematize the self-determination of disabled “users” during conversations taking place at “user-centred” team meetings. The meetings are organised by two habilitation centres, one for children and young people and one for adults. One disabled user and/or his/her relatives and professionals representing different institutions participate in the meetings. The study is based on discourse analysis of 18 observed and audiotaped team meetings held by ten different teams. The analyses show that the users exerted a more or less restricted influence on the organisation of the conversations. This varied with the organisation of the conversations and to the extent that the users participated actively by identifying their own problems and future goals. Hence, a certain conflict between an “ideal” type of self-determination and the users’ ability/willingness to live up to the demands that this kind of self-determination makes on them was revealed. This conflict gave rise to situations in which dilemmas between selfdetermination and paternalism appeared. By analysing how these situations were handled it was found that the participants in meetings without participating users accounted for their opinions and decisions concerning the treatment of the users by referring either to interpretations of the user’s preferences, which were based on the user’s behaviour in everyday life, or to their own beliefs of what would benefit the user. In meetings with participating users, the other participants handled the situations by steering the discussions in directions the user may not have chosen him-/herself. These discursive strategies were more or less paternalistic. In the dissertation it is discussed what other possible strategies exist that could increase the users’ self-determination. The result is also related to the “spoken” and social citizenship that the users are considered to exercise, as well as to other possible meanings of social citizenship.
155

Vårdpersonals erfarenheter av att bedriva vård utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt / Health professionals’ experiences with providing health care from a person-centered approach

Hansson, Anna, Thörn, Rebecka January 2017 (has links)
Bakgrund: Sveriges kommuner och landsting beslutade 2015 att information och kunskap angående personcentrerad vård ska spridas i kommuner, landsting och regioner för implementering i hälso- och sjukvården. Personcentrerad vård innebär att det professionella vårdteamet och patienten är partners vilka planerar vården tillsammans. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva vårdpersonals erfarenheter av att bedriva vård utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt. Metod: Fyra fokusgruppsintervjuer genomfördes med vårdpersonal på en medicinsk vårdavdelning där personcentrerad vård praktiserats under en tolvmånaders period. Homogena grupper med undersköterskor, sjuksköterskor och läkare samt en mixad grupp ingick i studien. Datamaterialet analyserades med konventionell kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet av de fyra fokusgruppsintervjuerna sammanfattas i fem kategorier; Införande och kunskap: Deltagarnas uppfattning av begreppet personcentrerad vård varierade mycket och flera deltagare ansåg sig inte veta vad personcentrerad vård innebar. Pulstavla som arbetsredskap: Pulstavla och pulsrond tydliggjorde planeringen av patienterna och gav mer struktur i arbetet. Enkelrum och sekretess: Deltagarna ansåg att sekretess var likställt med personcentrerad vård och att enkelrum var en förutsättning för sekretess. Relationer och delaktighet: Uppfattningen var att patienterna var delaktiga när de fick information om sin vård och behandling. Teamarbete, kontinuitet och tid: Kontinuitet bland personal och tillräckligt med tid för att lära känna patienterna var förutsättningar för att kunna arbeta personcentrerat. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades utifrån teoretiska ramverk och modeller för personcentrerad vård. Deltagarna ansåg att sekretess var det samma som personcentrerad vård. Sekretess diskuterades inte i modeller och ramverk för personcentrerad vård. Slutsats: Personalen erfor att de arbetade personcentrerat utifrån den modell som genomförts på avdelningen. Resultatet av studien visade att personalens erfarenheter av personcentrerad vård inte är i överensstämmelse med förekommande teoretiska modeller. Personcentrerad vård med kontext slutenvård behöver studeras och utvecklas. / Background: In 2015 municipalities and county administrative councils in Sweden concluded that, information and knowledge regarding person-centered care should be distributed through municipalities, county councils as well as local district administration for the purpose of implementation in health care. Person-centered care implies that the professional health care team and the patient should work in unison so that they may facilitate the care collectively. Objective: The object of the study was to illustrate the health professionals’ experiences with a person-centered approach to managing care. Method: Qualitative research through focus group interviews. Health professionals on a medical care unit where person-centered care practiced during a twelve month period were included. Four focus group interviews were conducted with various nursing assistants, registered nurses, doctors and a mixed group. The collected data was assessed with conventional qualitative content analysis. Results: The results from the four conducted focus group interviews were divided into five categories; Introduction and knowledge: The participant´s perception of the concept of person-centred care varied greatly and several participants considered themselves not knowing the meaning of person-centered care. Puls-board as a working tool: Puls-board and puls-rounds made the planning of patients clear and provided more structure in the work. Singular room and confidentiality; Participants felt that confidentiality was equated with person-centered care and that singular room was provided confidentiality.  Relationships and participation: The perception was that the patients were involved when they received information about their care and treatment. Teamwork, continuity and time: Continuity among staff and enough time to get to know the patients were prerequisites for working person-centred. Discussion: The results were discussed based on theoretical frameworks and models of person-centered care. Participants felt that confidentiality was the same as person-centred care. Confidentiality is not discussed in the models and frameworks for person-centred care. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that the health professionals’ considered their way of working person-centered as seen from their own point of view, and their knowledge of what the method entails. Results of the study showed that the health professionals’ interpretation of person-centered care do not correlate with the theoretical models. Person-centered care with inpatient care context needs to be studied and developed.
156

Využití psychoterapeutických technik při změně postojů a vztahu pracovníků denního stacionáře ke klientům s těžkým kombinovaným postižením / Use of psychotherapeutic techniques for changing the attitudes and the relationship of day care centre staff to clients with severe multiple disabilities

Trojánková, Jana January 2016 (has links)
This thesis deals with the subjectively perceived problematical relationship between the employees of a day care centre (who are either professional caregivers or teachers) and clients or pupils with severe multiple disabilities. Examining this relationship and other selected problematical situations took place as part of short-term group work project using psychotherapeutic techniques. The group work facilitated a change in the relationship of the day care centre's employees with the clients. The research was conducted with a small group of probands from the Zahrada Integration Centre and from the Zahrádka Elementary School in Prague 3. The following professional methods have been used in the preparation of this thesis: an analysis of the relevant scientific literature, group work with a small group of probands using some elements of psychotherapy, a questionnaire survey, an analysis of records concerning the progression of problematical situations and data analysis of case studies. The findings of this thesis are that group sessions comprising elements of psychotherapy represented a supportive factor in regard to the perception of the problematical relationships of individual probands with their clients. Changes that occurred in these relationships were recorded either in the individual plans of social...
157

Augmentativní a alternativní komunikace u jedinců s pervazivní vývojovou poruchou / Augmentative and alternative communication by the individuals with pervasive developmental disorder

Kohoutková, Markéta January 2013 (has links)
Název: Augmentativní a alternativní komunikace u jedinců s pervazivní vývojovou poruchou Autor: Markéta Kohoutková Katedra: Katedra Speciální Pedagogiky Vedoucí práce: PhDr., PaedDr. Jaroslava Zemková, Ph.D Abstrakt: Monografie přináší přehled aktuálních přístupů k jedincům s pervazivní vývojovou poruchou (PVP). Nejprve jsou zde analyzovány obtíže, se kterými se tato diagnóza pojí, poté autorka objasňuje možné příčiny, možnosti intervence a prognózu. Zdůrazněn je rozdíl mezi intervencemi založenými na kognitivně behaviorální terapii a intervencemi založenými na přístupu zaměřeném na člověka. Dále práce seznamuje s novými metodami alternativní a augmentativní komunikace (AAK), které lze využít při komunikaci s jedinci s narušenou komunikační schopností. Teoretické texty doplňují praktické výsledky z longitudinálního výzkumného šetření - případové studie. Během tohoto šetření byl jedinec s pervazivní vývojovou poruchou nespecifikovanou (PVP-NOS) podroben intervenci vycházející z přístupu zaměřeného na člověka. Následně jeho verbální komunikace byla podpořena prostřednictvím metody AAK - počítačového programu s hlasovým výstupem. Získané informace jsou určeny pro využití jak odborné veřejnosti, tak rodičů k zefektivnění práce, a především komunikace, s výše uvedenými jedinci.
158

Egenvårdsutbildning till personer med typ 2 diabetes- En kvalitativ intervjustudie / Self -management education to persons with type 2 diabetes – A qualitative interview study

Latif, Kanyau January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund: Diabetes är en kronisk sjukdom och drabbar allt fler i världen. Distriktssköterskan på vårdcentralerna i Sverige har en betydande uppgift att vägleda patienter med typ 2 diabetes genom att erbjuda egenvårdsutbildning för att patienten själv ska klara av att hantera sjukdomen. Sjukdomen kräver en omfattande egenvård för att hålla blodglukosnivåerna optimala och för att minska eller förebygga riskerna för komplikationer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av patientutbildning till personer med typ 2 diabetes. Metod: En kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer hölls individuellt med fyra distriktssköterskor på två olika vårdcentraler i Stockholm län. Resultat: Resultatet i föreliggande studie visade att distriktssköterskorna måste utgå från patientens situation och individanpassa informationen. De angav vidare att det var viktigt att skapa en god relation och använde sig av olika pedagogiska metoder för att motivera patienterna till livsstilsförändring. Distriktssköterskorna angav att de hade goda kunskaper om patentutbildning, dock hade de bristande kunskaper om kulturella skillnader hos patienter. Slutsats: Studien påvisar att distriktssköterskorna har en stödjande roll i att stärka patienternas egenvårdsförmåga. Den informationen som ges måste vara individanpassade och utgå från den enskilda individen. Att använda olika pedagogiska metoder kunde öka patientens motivation. Distriktssköterskorna upplevde brist på tid- och resurser. / Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects more and more people in the world. The district nurse at the health centers in Sweden has a significant task in guiding patients with type 2 diabetes by offering self-management education to enable the patients to manage the disease themselves. The disease requires extensive self-management to keep blood glucose levels optimal and to reduce or prevent the risks for complications. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe district nurses experiences of patient education for persons with type 2 diabetes. Method: A qualitative design with inductive approach. Semistructured interviews were performed individually with four district nurses on two different out patient clinics in Stockholm’s county. Result The result of the present study showed that district nurses has to start from the patient's situation and individualize the information. They further stated that it was important to create a good relationship and used different pedagogical methods to motivate patients to lifestyle change. The district nurses stated that they had good knowledge of patent training, but they had a lack of knowledge in cultural differences in patients. Conclusion: This study showed that the district nurses have a supporting role in strengthening the patients' ability to self-management. The given information had to be individualized. It is necessary to use different pedagogical methods to increase the patient's motivation. The district nurses experience a lack of time and resources.
159

Preoperativ kroppstemperatur : En empirisk studie på en dagkirurgisk avdelning / Preoperative body temperature : An empirical study of outpatients undergoing surgery

Ek, Matilda, Westergaard-Nielsen, Emma January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund: Hypotermi är ett vanligt förekommande problem inom operationssjukvården som kan leda till allvarliga följder för patienten och ökade kostnader för samhället. Förebyggande åtgärder i det preoperativa skedet har visat sig viktiga för att minska risken att hypotermi utvecklas. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka patienters kärn- och perifera temperatur under de preoperativa förberedelserna vid dagkirurgi. Hypotesen var att patienters kärn- och perifera temperatur sjönk under de preoperativa förberedelserna. Metod: Totalt 50 patienter på en dagkirurgisk avdelning på ett mellanstort sjukhus i Sverige gav sitt muntliga samtycke att medverka i studien. Kroppstemperaturen mättes vid två tillfällen; när de precis bytt om till patientskjorta samt när de placerats på operationsbordet. Kärntemperaturen mättes med en axillartermometer, och den perifera temperaturen mättes på fyra punkter med en infraröd termometer. Datan var normalfördelad och statistisk signifikans beräknades med parat t-test. Resultat: Resultatet visar att det inte sker någon signifikant förändring av patienternas kärntemperatur men att den perifera temperaturen förändras. Riktningen är dock inte entydig då resultatet visar att mätpunkterna på överkroppen sjunker medan mätpunkterna på underkroppen stiger. Slutsats: Kärntemperaturen kan vara oförändrad genom de preoperativa förberedelserna, men det innebär inte att temperaturen ligger inom rekommendationerna för preoperativ kärntemperatur. Mer forskning krävs för att studera patientens kroppstemperatur genom hela den perioperativa processen, dvs. pre- intra, och postoperativt. / Background: Hypothermia is a common problem within the surgical context and can lead to serious consequences for the patient and increased costs for society. Efforts to prevent hypothermia in the preoperative phase have proven important to minimize the risk of developing hypothermia. Aim: The aim was to examine core- and peripheral temperature of surgical outpatients, during the preoperative phase. The hypothesis was that the temperature would decrease during the preoperative preparation. Method: 50 patients, at a medium-sized hospital in Sweden, participated. The temperature was measured twice; when the patient had changed into surgical attire, and when placed on the operating table. The core temperature was measured using an axillary thermometer, and the peripheral temperature was measured at four locations using an infrared thermometer. The data was normally distributed and paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Result: The results show that there was no significant change in core temperature, whereas a change occurred in the peripheral temperature. The direction of change was incoherent, where the points of measurements on the upper body decreased in temperature, while the points of measurement on the lower extremities increased. Conclusion: The core temperature can remain unchanged during the preoperative period. This does not imply that the temperature is within preoperative temperature recommendations. More research, studying the temperature throughout the perioperative process, is necessary to attain knowledge regarding the development of the temperature of the patient undergoing surgery.
160

Educational professionals' experience of English educational policy : developing and promoting inclusive practice through collaborative action research

Greenwood, Joanne January 2016 (has links)
The focus of this thesis was to explore educational professionals' everyday experience of English educational policies; narrowing its focus to policy which promotes an inclusion agenda. The findings are presented in three sections with the first two papers prepared in accordance with the author guidelines of the journals proposed for submission. The first paper offers a review of literature which represents teacher relationship (see Braun, Maguire and Ball, 2010; Fullan, 2006; Luttenberg, Imants and van Veen, 2013; Luttenberg, van Veen and Imants, 2013; Wexler, 2002) with English educational policies. Teacher perspectives illustrate how the implementation and practice of policy heavily guides practice, both in terms of pedagogy and content, and detail the difficulties teachers have in establishing professional identity whilst trying to accommodate policy into practice. It is suggested that in order for teachers to adopt new educational policies they need to be able to take some ownership of both the policies themselves and of their own professional development; but most importantly, that they need the space to engage in dialogue around their practice to do this. The first paper provided a frame for the second by offering a description of the current climate teachers find themselves in and by discussing what might be needed to bring about the professional development necessary to embed policy into practice. The second paper then presents a description of a collaborative action research project within an English high school; a group of educational psychology, teaching, support and pastoral professionals worked collaboratively to develop person-centred practice through their engagement in an inquiry group. The inquiry group engaged in dialogue around practice; exploring their own personal and professional values as well as the values embedded within person-centred practice. This paper offers an account of the inquiry group's journey, highlighting key themes as identified by the group: ownership of, and confidence in, the learning process; developing reflective practice; and the challenge of engaging others in the learning process. The findings suggest that an action research approach can facilitate the learning and development necessary to embody collaborative person-centred practice. The third paper then offers a critical appraisal of the role that educational psychology can have in disseminating findings and promoting teacher development; in particular through the facilitation of collaborative action research within the school context.

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