11. Abstract in English This Master Thesis refers to the protection of personal rights of the individual in mass media. The main purpose is to analyse Czech legal regulations regarding this matter and to assess if the level of judicial remedy for the protection of personal rights is sufficient and appropriate. This thesis is focused on the collision of two fundamental rights, namely the right to protection of personal rights and that of freedom of speech and expression. Because of the growing influence of mass media, these rights are frequently at the centre of public debate and issues. The principal problem is which right should be prioritized. Both of them are established as fundamental human rights at the constitutional level therefore enjoy the same degree of protection. Attention is also paid to Spanish legal regulations of protection of personal rights of the individual in mass media. The important differences between the Czech and Spanish legal systems are pointed out throughout the whole paper. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. The first chapter is introductory. Chapter two deals with the protection of personal rights in general and explains this concept while enumerating law sources. Chapter three describes the protection of personal rights of the individual in mass media. It elaborates on...

The aim of this dissertation is to describe and analyse individual stages of a civil process for the protection of personal integrity. The civil process is a unique stream, within which there is a protection of personal rights offered to individuals. Immaterial damage caused by unauthorized interference in such important personal right such as rights of personal integrity without doubt are, is often correctly replaced only by the judicial decision. For this reason, it requires knowledge of both the substantive civil law, which underlines the protection of the rights of personal integrity, as well as civil procedure law, in which the substantive law is being implemented. The content of this dissertation is the analysis of the various parts of the judicial process from filing an action for protection of personal integrity to the court's decision, enforcement and execution in matters of protection of personal integrity. The dissertation illustrates the complex picture into the issues of civil proceedings in the matters of protection of personal integrity and quotes directly from court decisions in each of the stages of the proceedings. Given the general arrangements for the protection of personal integrity the report of judgment and decisions is one of the main sources of knowledge during the civil...

The thesis deals with legal tools for the protection of personal rights of an individual in civil law. The aim of diploma thesis is to show how important the protection of personal rights in our modern day society is, to analyse available instruments for the protection of general right to personality in civil law and to evaluate these instruments of protection as well as their ability to provide effective protection. The thesis is composed of Nine chapters in 78 pages of text. Chapter One deals with the introduction to the subject of the thesis and tries to capture the reader's focus, and also sets the theme of the thesis. Chapter Two explains the concept of general right to personality and its defining features along with its historical development. It is also focused on defining its place among other kinds of rights in our national legal system. The third chapter deals with legal guarantees of protection of personality on both the national and the international levels (based upon international treaties). It consists of three parts. The first part deals with constitutional law. Part Two describes international treaties which protect general right to personality. The third part deals with national statutes which define personality rights and legal instruments for their protection. Chapter Four is...

O presente trabalho é dedicado ao estudo do direito à intimidade do empregado e busca definir o papel do empregador diante de conflitos entre esse direito e outros direitos fundamentais no ambiente de trabalho. No primeiro capítulo examina-se o poder diretivo, dando-se ênfase à sua natureza jurídica, ao seu fundamento jurídico e aos limites que lhe são impostos, a fim de delimitar o âmbito de atuação legitimamente reconhecido ao empregador. No segundo capítulo analisa-se a teoria geral dos direitos da personalidade, a fim de compreender as características gerais aplicáveis ao direito à intimidade. O terceiro capítulo é dedicado exclusivamente ao estudo do direito à intimidade: sua origem, evolução histórica, conceito, alcance, características específicas, limitações e regime jurídico. No quarto capítulo o direito à intimidade é examinado enquanto direito fundamental. Nesse capítulo também é estudada a eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais, a fim de compreender de que forma eles devem ser observados nas relações de trabalho. São apresentadas, ainda, duas propostas de solução para a colisão entre esses direitos: a de José Joaquim Gomes Canotilho e a de Virgílio Afonso da Silva. Por fim, são avaliadas algumas situações hipotéticas em que frequentemente se observa o conflito entre o direito à intimidade e outros direitos fundamentais no ambiente de trabalho e propostas soluções para esses conflitos com base nas ideias dos constitucionalistas mencionados. / This work is devoted to the study of the right to the employees intimacy and its attempt is to define the role of employer before the conflicts between this right and other fundamental rights in the working environment. The first chapter examines the employers directive power, emphasizing their legal nature, legal base and the limits imposed, in order to delimit the scope of action legitimately acknowledged the employer. The second chapter analyzes the general theory of the personality rights, in order to understand the general characteristics applied for the intimacy rights. The third chapter is exclusively devoted to the study of the intimacy rights: their origin, historical evolution, concept, scope, specific characteristics, limitations and legal regime. In the fourth chapter the intimacy right is examined as a fundamental right. In this chapter is either studied the horizontal effectiveness to the fundamental rights, in order to understand how they should be observed in working relationships. There are, in addition, two proposals presented as the solution to the collision between these rights: José Joaquim Gomes Canotilho and Virgílio Afonso da Silva. Finally, some hypothetical situations are assessed where the conflict between the intimacy right and other fundamental rights can be frequently observed in the work environment and it is proposed various solutions to these conflicts based on the ideas of the scholars mentioned.

1 Abstract European Court of Human Rights: its position and role in the protection of personal rights of an individual including analysis of judgments and the influence on domestic judicial decisions The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to the theoretical background of the ECHR, its function within the Council of Europe, personal ground and analysis of statistics. The thesis is also focused on the procedural rules of proceeding, with emphasis on the filing of the complaint, its formal and substantive requirements and its compliance with the Convention. In this section, is also presented to the reader the procedure, the enforceability of the decisions and the renewal of the proceedings before the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. In the second part, the concept of personal rights and the Convention are presented in the light of the Article 8 and 10 of the Convention because these are the most important articles when it comes to personal rights. The third part is devoted mainly to the analysis of the case law of ECHR with a connection to the domestic case law. This part is further divided into three sections, protection of personal data, right to reputation and defamation and right to own portraits. The protection of personal data consists of two parts, call monitoring...

O presente trabalho é dedicado ao estudo do direito à intimidade do empregado e busca definir o papel do empregador diante de conflitos entre esse direito e outros direitos fundamentais no ambiente de trabalho. No primeiro capítulo examina-se o poder diretivo, dando-se ênfase à sua natureza jurídica, ao seu fundamento jurídico e aos limites que lhe são impostos, a fim de delimitar o âmbito de atuação legitimamente reconhecido ao empregador. No segundo capítulo analisa-se a teoria geral dos direitos da personalidade, a fim de compreender as características gerais aplicáveis ao direito à intimidade. O terceiro capítulo é dedicado exclusivamente ao estudo do direito à intimidade: sua origem, evolução histórica, conceito, alcance, características específicas, limitações e regime jurídico. No quarto capítulo o direito à intimidade é examinado enquanto direito fundamental. Nesse capítulo também é estudada a eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais, a fim de compreender de que forma eles devem ser observados nas relações de trabalho. São apresentadas, ainda, duas propostas de solução para a colisão entre esses direitos: a de José Joaquim Gomes Canotilho e a de Virgílio Afonso da Silva. Por fim, são avaliadas algumas situações hipotéticas em que frequentemente se observa o conflito entre o direito à intimidade e outros direitos fundamentais no ambiente de trabalho e propostas soluções para esses conflitos com base nas ideias dos constitucionalistas mencionados. / This work is devoted to the study of the right to the employees intimacy and its attempt is to define the role of employer before the conflicts between this right and other fundamental rights in the working environment. The first chapter examines the employers directive power, emphasizing their legal nature, legal base and the limits imposed, in order to delimit the scope of action legitimately acknowledged the employer. The second chapter analyzes the general theory of the personality rights, in order to understand the general characteristics applied for the intimacy rights. The third chapter is exclusively devoted to the study of the intimacy rights: their origin, historical evolution, concept, scope, specific characteristics, limitations and legal regime. In the fourth chapter the intimacy right is examined as a fundamental right. In this chapter is either studied the horizontal effectiveness to the fundamental rights, in order to understand how they should be observed in working relationships. There are, in addition, two proposals presented as the solution to the collision between these rights: José Joaquim Gomes Canotilho and Virgílio Afonso da Silva. Finally, some hypothetical situations are assessed where the conflict between the intimacy right and other fundamental rights can be frequently observed in the work environment and it is proposed various solutions to these conflicts based on the ideas of the scholars mentioned.

The topic of this thesis is the legal regulation of camera system in the workplace and characterization of its encroachment on personal rights of employees. The main emphasis is put on conditions, which employer must fulfil to install a camera system in the workplace in compliance with the legal order of Czech Republic. Furthermore this thesis is devoted to issues of discreet surveillance and of defence of employee options in case of illegal monitoring. This thesis is divided into three following chapters. In the first chapter, technological development of video camera and its components as well its gradual using as surveillance equipment in public space and afterwards in private life of persons are described. This chapter deals with today's situation and number of video cameras in society, not only in Czech Republic but also in the whole world. Increasing amount of video cameras represents as its consequence a reason for legal disputes, especially neighborhood's legal disputes. Considering that mentioned fact, the relevant decisions of the Supreme Court illustrating attitude of judicature to camera surveillance are incorporated in the first chapter. The thesis' core is set in the second chapter, which is focused on concrete conditions of installation of camera monitoring in the workplace and their...

This thesis deals with the legal regulation of immaterial harm (non-pecuniary loss) in civil law with a necessary extension to other spheres of private and public law. Immaterial harm reflects the personal loss caused by the infringement of human personal rights or other natural rights protected by law. There is no possibility of objective pecuniary evaluation in comparison to the material harm (damage) and so there is no potentiality to recover damages easily. The main goal of the thesis is to compose crucial issues regarding immaterial harm. The thesis uses mainly analysis of primary and secondary sources such as legal regulation, professional literature and judicial decisions. The immaterial harm is linked to the two main areas of law: 1) tort law and 2) the protection of person and personal rights. So the thesis is divided into two parts for that important reason. The first part of the thesis deals with the common regulation of the immaterial loss. Legal provisions encompassing immaterial harm are regulated in the first chapter. Next chapter explains tort law: a wide area including immaterial harm. The third chapter focuses on concept of civil tort; there is an important issue in connection with recodification. The fourth chapter deals with liability in general: this term was replaced by...

Les données à caractère personnel ont subi de grands changements qui justifient une nouvelle étude de cette notion. Ces données particulières sont aujourd’hui au cœur de l’économie numérique et font, pour cette raison, l’objet de nombreuses revendications. Volonté d’appropriation de la part des exploitants, demande de protection de la part des personnes concernées par les données, font partie des enjeux qu’il s’agit de concilier. Une définition et une qualification adéquates des données personnelles apparaissent alors indispensables afin de trouver un équilibre entre les différents intérêts en présence. La thèse démontrera la nécessité d’adopter une nouvelle vision des données personnelles, pour refléter au mieux leurs caractéristiques actuelles et ce afin de les encadrer de manière efficace. / Personal data has undergone a major change which justifies a new study of this notion. This particular data is at the heart of the digital economy and thus stirs numerous claims. What is at stake here is to try to work out a balance between different claims such as managing operators' will of appropriation and protecting people concerned by the data, for example. This is why it is essential to find a precise definition and adequate qualifications of personal data to find a balance between the various interests. The thesis will focus on the necessity to adopt a new vision of personal data, to show its current characteristics so as to manage it efficiently.

Il est devenu commun, pour la doctrine civiliste, de présenter la scène juridique par la summa divisio des droits réels et des droits personnels. Les premiers permettent aux personnes d'exercer leur domination sur le monde des choses, tandis que les seconds constituent des liens de droit entre personnes – des obligations. Si la structure du droit réel apparaît, ainsi, comme un lien direct entre une personne et une chose, celle du droit personnel souffre la présence d'un débiteur, contre lequel s'exerce le droit. La doctrine considère que cette opposition structurelle des droits réels et des droits personnels se traduit, concrètement, par une différence de régime au profit du droit réel : ce dernier serait supérieur au droit personnel, du fait, notamment, de la plus grande efficacité de son régime de protection. Or, la thèse donne d'abord l'occasion de constater que cette hiérarchie dans le régime de protection des droits réels et des droits personnels ne trouve aucun fondement en droit positif. En conséquence, dès lors que la différence de régime des droits réels et des droits personnels est présentée par la doctrine comme la traduction de l'opposition structurelle de ces droits, la pertinence de cette classification structurelle apparaît douteuse. Pour autant, la thèse conduira à la conservation de la summa divisio des droits réels et des droits personnels. Ce maintien requiert, néanmoins, de modifier le critère de distinction qui organise actuellement la summa divisio, à savoir la prétendue supériorité du droit réel sur le droit personnel. Le plan suivi pour cette démonstration est le suivant : I : L'origine de la summa divisio II : Les incohérences de la summa divisio III : La correction de la summa divisio / It has become common for civil law doctrinal writings to present the legal developments by a summa divisio of real rights and personal rights. The real rights allow persons to exercise their domination over the world of things, whereas personal rights constitute legal relationships between persons - obligations. Even if the structure of real right, thus, seems like a direct relationship between the person and the thing, personal right suffers from the debtor's presence against whom this right is exercised. The doctrinal writings consider that this structural opposition of real rights and personal rights is concretely interpreted as a difference in the regime to the benefit of real right: the latter would be superior to personal rights particularly because of the greater efficiency of its protection regime. However, the thesis first gives an opportunity to note that this hierarchy in the protection regime of real rights and personal rights has no basis in positive law. Consequently, when the difference between the real rights and personal rights regime is presented by the doctrinal writings as a structural opposition of these rights, the relevancy of such structural classification appears doubtful. However, the thesis will lead to the safeguarding of the summa divisio of real rights and personal rights. This nevertheless requires modifying the criterion of distinction that currently organizes the summa divisio, namely the alleged superiority of real right on personal right. The plan for demonstrating the above is as follows: I: Origin of the summa divisio II: Inconsistencies in the summa divisio III: Correction of the summa divisio