This investigation seeks to determine whether certain personality traits of college students are related to their smoking habits. The purpose of the study is to determine whether significant personality differences exist among college students who can be classified as light smokers, heavy smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers and to determine the nature of the differences. The study involved four male experimental groups and four female experimental groups, assigned on the basis of sex and cigarette smoking habits as ascertained from a questionnaire. A total of 191 subjects from two junior colleges comprised the sample. The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS), the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS), and a questionnaire to obtain information on each subject's smoking habits were administered to the subjects at one sitting. Comparisons of the group means of each of the four classifications of smokers and nonsmokers were accomplished by a one-way analysis-of-variance design.

The incidence of bulimia seems to be increasing dramatically as actors, models, dancers, and college populations are seeking help for this eating disorder. In this study, the Adjective Checklist was administered to 21 bulimic women and 17 normal women to compare personality characteristics on the following scales: abasement, affiliation, autonomy, achievement, aggression, personal adjustment, succorance, and self-control. Results showed bulimic women scored higher on abasement and succorance. A multiple regression was performed which elucidated the scales responsible for the greatest amount of variance. These were aggression, autonomy, and self-control. Further studies of personality measures may aid in describing this population more fully.

This study is a description of selected personality characteristics of seventh- and eighth-grade girls and the changes that occur before and after a program of either aerobics (running) or anaerobics (calisthenics) conditioning exercises during the fall semester, 1973.

The problem in this study has a three-fold purpose: to evaluate the work performance, as ranked by employers and teachers, of a group of employed graduates of business education of the sunset high School of Dallas, Texas; to evaluate the personality traits demonstrated by the employees on the job in relation to the personality traits demonstrated in school; and to analyze these evaluations to secure suggestions for improving the course of study, including the amount of emphasis which should be placed on the various phases of the instructional program.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Motivation seems to be one of the important variables which might have an effect on creativity. It can have a positive but also a negative impact on creativity. In this thesis motivations of fine artists are examined and the extent to which art might effect personality profile of fine artists is considered. In theoretical part, firstly, art, forms of art and the psychology of art are defined. Further artwork as a product of artistic process, structure of personality and specifically the personality of fine artists are described. A complexity of creativity as a phenomenon is presented. Finally motivation from the social psychology of creativity point of view is explained. The aim of this master thesis is to examine certain psychosocial personality traits of fine artists by the Achievement Motivation Inventory LMI and discovered whether there are significant differences in personality traits of fine artists and control group of "non-artists" interested in economy and business (n=63). Our results support the foreign studies results and indicate that artists score significantly higher in Flow, Pride in Productivity and Independence. Contrary to foreign studies results examine creativity in people generally, our results suggest that fine artists score significantly higher in Competitiveness than...

The thesis deals with the differences between Female-to-Male (FtM) and Male-to-Female (MtF) transsexuals, focusing on their intelligence and personality traits. The aim of the study was to compare the results between male and female transsexuals in these two areas and to recognize if the distribution of given personality traits corresponds more to their biological sex or to the gender identity. In the theoretical part of the work, studies about males and females in the population are presented and put into a broader context of the studies concerning FtM and MtF transsexuals, while using all accessible literature. The research comprises of data comparison of 200 transsexuals (100 MtF and 100 FtM) using Raven's Progressive matrices and DOPEN questionnaire. The results were evaluated by the statistical analysis and were later compared to the norms for men and women in population. There were found no differences in intelligence in both groups of transsexuals. Both groups' intelligence (IQ 117) is slightly above-average. Using the Raven's Progressive matrices, higher variability of results was measured in the MtF group. Male-to-Female transsexuals reached significantly higher scores in neuroticism compared to Female-to-Male group. This scale was identified as significantly higher in both groups when...

La schizotypie est un trait de personnalité caractérisé par un niveau subclinique de symptômes de la schizophrénie, avec des caractéristiques dites positives (croyances et perceptions inhabituelles) ou négatives (retrait et anxiété sociale). Cette thèse a pour but de mieux comprendre comment la schizotypie s'articule avec d'autres dimensions psychopathologiques.Dans une première partie nous avons étudié les liens entre schizotypie et traits autistiques dans 2 populations d'étudiants scientifiques au moyen d'analyses par classification. Une première analyse sur la base des traits schizotypiques et autistiques a identifié 4 groupes avec des profils distincts, dont un cluster à haut niveau de traits. Cette combinaison de traits est associée à des signes de dégradation psychopathologique (symptômes anxieux et dépressifs, attachement insécurisé) et à de moindres performances académiques. Une deuxième étude propose une typologie des étudiants en fonction des traits schizotypique, autistique et cyclothymique. Cette typologie fait apparaître un cluster à hauts traits, avec un niveau élevé de symptômes de dépression et d'idéation suicidaire et de moindres résultats universitaires. Ces 2 études suggèrent donc que la combinaison de traits schizotypes et autistiques a une influence négative sur la réussite dans le domaine scientifique, en lien avec une comorbidité dépressive.La deuxième partie établit une typologie du jeune adulte afin de réexaminer le concept de "schizotypie saine", défini comme trait de schizotypie positive sans autre dimensions de la schizotypie. Nos résultats confirment que la shizotypie positive est associée à des bénéfices (e.g., qualité perçue des relations interpersonnelles) mais aussi à des traits de troubles de la personnalité et à des symptômes psychopathologiques, ce qui interpelle le concept de schizotypie saine. Dans une dernière étude nous avons identifié des biais illustrant l’impression que la schizotypie positive est plus saine qu’en réalité. / Schizotypy is a personality trait characterized by subclinical levels of schizophrenia symptoms, including positive (odd beliefs and unusual perceptions) or negative (withdrawal and social anxiety) features. This thesis aimed at a better understanding of how schizotypy articulates with other psychopathological dimensions.As a first part, we studied the links between schizotypy and autistic traits in 2 samples of scientific college students, using a cluster analysis. A first analysis based on schizotypal and autistic dimensions identified 4 groups with distinct profiles, including a cluster with high levels of traits. This combination of traits was associated with significant psychopathological degradation (anxiety and depressive symptoms, insecure attachment) and with lesser academic performances. A second study identified a typology of students based on schizotypal, autistic and cyclothymic traits. This typology showed a high traits cluster with elevated levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideations, and lesser academic results. These 2 studies thus suggest that association of schizotypal and autistic traits could impair success in scientific background, in relationship with a depressive comorbidity.The second part identified a typology of young adults aiming at reassessing the concept of "healthy schizotypy", defined as a trait of positive schizotypy without other schizotypal dimensions. Our results confirm that positive schizotypy is associated with benefits (e.g., perceived quality of interpersonal relations) but also with traits of personality disorders and psychopathological symptoms, which questions the concept of healthy schizotypy. In a last study we identified biases illustrating the impression that positive schizotypy may seem healthier than in reality.

A dificuldade de se planejar a carreira em um ambiente caracterizado pelo dinamismo e descontinuidade tem demandado a realização de estudos centrados em referenciais internos que possam contribuir com o autoconhecimento. Este estudo exploratório teve por objetivo aprofundar o entendimento sobre a adaptação à transição de carreira na meia-idade utilizando um constructo oriundo da Psicologia: o locus de controle. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa em que foram empregadas duas técnicas de investigação: um inventário de locus de controle e a entrevista semi-estruturada. Os relatos obtidos nas entrevistas foram transcritos para a utilização de técnicas de análise de conteúdo. A partir da análise dos resultados foram identificadas quais e como foram feitas as adaptações à transição de carreira na meia-idade, bem como formulada uma hipótese de pesquisa: o locus de controle interno facilita a adaptação às transições de carreira na meia-idade. / The difficulty in planning the career in an environment characterized by dynamism and disruption has demanded studies centered on personal internal references that may contribute to self-knowledge. The objective of this exploratory study was to deeply understand the adaptation to the career transition in the middle age by means of a psychological construct: the locus of control. A qualitative research, in which were used two investigation techniques: locus of control inventory and semistructured interview was carried out. The speeches from the interviews were transcribed, so that they could be submitted to content analysis techniques. From the analysis of the findings it was identified which and how the adaptations to the career transitions in the middle age occurred. Furthermore, a research hypothesis was stated: the internal locus of control facilitates the adaptation to the career transitions in the middle age.

As rápidas transformações e a competitividade do mercado de trabalho têm exigido das organizações e das pessoas um constante processo de aperfeiçoamento. Assim, uma prática comum nas organizações é avaliar as lacunas nas competências dos funcionários e desenvolvê-las por meio de ações de Treinamento, Desenvolvimento e Educação (TD&E) sistemáticas e estruturadas. Todavia, se a aprendizagem ocorre ou não, depende de características individuais e também contextuais. Estudos têm mostrado que o reconhecimento dos aspectos individuais neste processo contribui para desenvolvimento profissional bem-sucedido dos funcionários, bem como para os resultados de treinamentos esperados pela organização. Nesta perspectiva, a presente pesquisa pretende contribuir com a área de avaliação de sistemas instrucionais ao investigar as relações entre as variáveis estratégias de aprendizagem e traços de personalidade - segundo a teoria dos Cinco Grandes Fatores (Big Five) - em treinamentos corporativos presenciais. A coleta de dados foi realizada numa população composta por 115 funcionários de uma empresa do segmento de Telecomunicações, situada em Minas Gerais, que participou de um treinamento intitulado Gestão à Vista. Foram utilizados, em formato online, o inventário de personalidade Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Personality Inventary Revised (NEO-FFI-R) e a Escala de Estratégias de Aprendizagem. A taxa de retorno obtida se apresenta como um diferencial entre os estudos da área, com participação de 74,78% da população estudada. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas das variáveis e Testes de Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Os resultados evidenciaram que as estratégias mais utilizadas pela amostra foram as Autorregulatórias e que o traço de personalidade mais presente foi o da Conscienciosidade. As correlações mostraram que as estratégias de aprendizagem intituladas Elaboração e Aplicação Prática e Controle da Motivação se relacionam positivamente com os traços da personalidade Extroversão, Abertura, Amabilidade e Conscienciosidade, e negativamente com o Neuroticismo. Já as Estratégias Cognitivas e Busca de Ajuda mostraram relação positiva apenas com a Amabilidade, enquanto Controle da Emoção se relacionou negativamente com o Neuroticismo. Esta pesquisa oferece contribuições para o subsistema de avaliação na medida em que suscita a possibilidade da inserção da variável traços de personalidade, até então não utilizada em pesquisas nacionais, mas que tem sido correlata estável, robusta, previsível e determinante de outras variáveis envolvidas no processo de TD&E / The rapid changes and the competitiveness of the labor market have demanded the organizations and individuals a constant process of improvement. Thus, a common practice in organizations is to evaluate the gaps in employee competencies and to develop them through systematic and structured Training, Development and Education (TD&E) actions. However, whether learning occurs or not depends on individual and contextual characteristics. Studies have shown that recognition of individual aspects in this process contributes to the successful professional development of employees as well as to the results of training expected by the organization. In this perspective, the present research intends to contribute with the area of instructional evaluation systems when investigating the relations between the variables learning strategies and personality traits - according to the theory of the Big Five - in face-to-face corporate training. Data collection was carried out in a population of 115 employees of a telecommunications company located in Minas Gerais, Brazil, which participated in a training titled \"Gestão à Vista\". Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Personality Inventary Revised (NEO-FFI-R) and the Learning Strategies Scale were used in online format. The rate of return obtained is a differential among the studies of the area, with participation of 74.78% of the studied population. Descriptive statistical analyzes of the variables and Pearson Correlation Coefficient Tests were performed. The results evidenced that the strategies most used by the sample were the self-regulatory ones and that the most present personality trait was the Conscientiousness. The correlations show that the learning strategies entitled Practical Elaboration and Application and Motivation Control are positively related to personality traits Extroversion, Openness, Kindness and Conscientiousness, and negatively with Neuroticism. Already the Cognitive Strategies and Search for Help showed a positive relationship only with Kindness, while Emotion Control was negatively related to Neuroticism. This research offers contributions to the evaluation subsystem insofar as it raises the possibility of the insertion of variable personality traits, hitherto unused in national surveys, but which has been stable, robust, predictable and determinant correlation of other variables involved in the process of TD&E