Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdneyRVPG.pdf: 3193441 bytes, checksum: 9108a5643f51fcfe4a8b7479be215c58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-18 / Currently a resource more and more used by the petroleum industry to increase the efficiency of steam flood mechanism is the addition of solvents. The process can be understood as a combination of a thermal method (steam injection) with a miscible method (solvent injection), promoting, thus, the reduction of interfacial tensions and oil viscosity. The use of solvent alone tends to be limited because of its high cost. When co-injected with steam, the vaporized solvent condenses in the cooler regions of the reservoir and mixes with the oil, creating a zone of low viscosity between the steam and the heavy oil. The mobility of the displaced fluid is then improved, resulting in an increase of oil recovery. To better understand this improved oil recovery method, a numerical study of the process was done contemplating the effects of some operational parameters (distance between wells, injection steam rate, kind of solvent and injected solvent volume)on the accumulated production of oil, recovery factor and oil-steam rate. Semisynthetic models were used in this study but reservoir data can be extrapolated for practical applications situations on Potiguar Basin. Simulations were performed in STARS (CMG, 2007.11). It was found that injected solvent volumes increased oil recovery and oil rates. Further the majority of the injected solvent was produced and can be recycled / Um recurso cada vez mais utilizado pela ind?stria petrol?fera para aumentar a efici?ncia do mecanismo de inje??o de vapor ? a adi??o de solventes. O processo pode ser compreendido como a combina??o de um m?todo t?rmico (inje??o de vapor) com um m?todo misc?vel (inje??o de solvente), promovendo, dessa forma, a redu??o das tens?es interfaciais e da viscosidade do ?leo. O uso do solvente sozinho tende a ser limitado, em fun??o do seu alto custo. Quando coinjetado com o vapor, o solvente vaporizado condensa nas regi?es menos quentes do reservat?rio e mistura-se ao ?leo, criando uma zona de baixa viscosidade entre o vapor e o ?leo pesado. A mobilidade do fluido deslocado ? ent?o melhorada, implicando num aumento do fator de recupera??o. Para melhor compreender esse mecanismo de recupera??o avan?ada, foi realizado um estudo num?rico, onde se verificou a sensibilidade de alguns par?metros operacionais (dist?ncia entre po?os, vaz?o de inje??o de vapor, tipo de solvente injetado e quantidade de solvente) sobre a produ??o acumulada de ?leo, o fator de recupera??o e a raz?o ?leo-vapor. Neste estudo, foram utilizados modelos semi-sint?ticos, por?m com dados de reservat?rio que podem ser extrapolados para situa??es de aplica??es pr?ticas na Bacia Potiguar. As simula??es foram realizadas no m?dulo STARS (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator) do programa da CMG (Computer Modelling Group), vers?o 2007.11. Os resultados mostraram que a presen?a do solvente nas quantidades analisadas melhorou os fatores de recupera??o e as vaz?es de ?leo. Al?m disso, a maior parte do solvente injetado foi produzido, podendo ser reciclado

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataMB.pdf: 1298674 bytes, checksum: 2e9416ef564ec644655637fb323bdd4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The oil production in Brazil has been increasing each year. Consequently, increasing volumes of water produced are generated with large quantities of contaminants, which brings many problems in disposing of these waters. The concern that the concentrations of contaminants in water produced meet existing laws for disposal of effluents, has been extremely important for the development of different techniques for treatment of water produced. The study of clay minerals as adsorbents of organic contaminants has grown considerably so in order to combine the low cost with the efficiency of environmental preservation and health issues. Thus, this study aims to understand the characteristics of vermiculite clay, sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite and diatomite and evaluate their performance as adsorbents for phenol in the water produced. Through adsorption isotherms it was possible to observe the behavior of these adsorptive clay and diatomite for adsorption of phenol, the main phenolic compound found in water produced. Different concentrations of synthetic solutions of phenol were put in touch with these adsorbents under same conditions of agitation and temperature. The adsorbents were composted adsorptive favorable, but the vermiculite and diatomite showed little capacity for absorption, being suggested for absorbs small concentrations of phenol in the balance isothermal / A produ??o de petr?leo no Brasil vem aumentando a cada ano. Em conseq??ncia, volumes crescentes de ?gua de produ??o s?o gerados com grandes quantidades de contaminantes, o que traz v?rios problemas no descarte dessas ?guas. A preocupa??o para que as concentra??es dos contaminantes da ?gua produzida atendam as legisla??es vigentes para descarte de efluentes, tem sido extremamente importante para o desenvolvimento de diferentes t?cnicas de tratamentos da ?gua produzida. O estudo de argilominerais como adsorventes de contaminantes org?nicos tem crescido de forma consider?vel, a fim de se aliar o baixo custo com a efici?ncia da preserva??o ambiental e sa?de publica. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer as caracter?sticas dos argilominerais vermiculita, bentonita s?dica, bentonita c?lcica e da diatomita e avaliar seus desempenhos como adsorventes de fen?is na ?gua produzida. Atrav?s das isotermas de adsor??o p?de-se abservar os comportamentos adsortivos desses argilominerais e da diatomita para adsor??o do fenol, principal composto fen?lico encontrado na ?gua produzida. Diferentes concentra??es de solu??es sint?ticas de fenol foram postas em contato com estes adsorventes sob agita??o e mesmas condi??es de temperatura. Os adsorventes apresentaram comportamento adsortivo favor?vel, por?m a vermiculita e diatomita apresentaram pequena capacidade de adsor??o, sendo sugeridas para adsorver pequenas concentra??es de fenol no equil?brio isot?rmico

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaMZR.pdf: 1640551 bytes, checksum: 6e342552b459e9af8b4b603e028a87b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 / The production of water has become one of the most important wastes in the petroleum industry, specifically in the up stream segment. The treatment of this kind of effluents is complex and normally requires high costs. In this context, the electrochemical treatment emerges as an alternative methodology for treating the wastewaters. It employs electrochemical reactions to increase the capability and efficiency of the traditional chemical treatments for associated produced water. The use of electrochemical reactors can be effective with small changes in traditional treatments, generally not representing a significant additional surface area for new equipments (due to the high cost of square meter on offshore platforms) and also it can use almost the same equipments, in continuous or batch flow, without others high costs investments. Electrochemical treatment causes low environmental impact, because the process uses electrons as reagent and generates small amount of wastes. In this work, it was studied two types of electrochemical reactors: eletroflocculation and eletroflotation, with the aim of removing of Cu2+, Zn2+, phenol and BTEX mixture of produced water. In eletroflocculation, an electrical potential was applied to an aqueous solution containing NaCl. For this, it was used iron electrodes, which promote the dissolution of metal ions, generating Fe2+ and gases which, in appropriate pH, promote also clotting-flocculation reactions, removing Cu2+ and Zn2+. In eletroflotation, a carbon steel cathode and a DSA type anode (Ti/TiO2-RuO2-SnO2) were used in a NaCl solution. It was applied an electrical current, producing strong oxidant agents as Cl2 and HOCl, increasing the degradation rate of BTEX and phenol. Under different flow rates, the Zn2+ was removed by electrodeposition or by ZnOH formation, due the increasing of pH during the reaction. To better understand the electrochemical process, a statistical protocol factor (22) with central point was conducted to analyze the sensitivity of operating parameters on removing Zn2+ by eletroflotation, confirming that the current density affected the process negatively and the flow rate positively. For economical viability of these two electrochemical treatments, the energy consumption was calculated, taking in account the kWh given by ANEEL. The treatment cost obtained were quite attractive in comparison with the current treatments used in Rio Grande do Norte state. In addition, it could still be reduced for the case of using other alternative energy source such as solar, wind or gas generated directly from the Petrochemical Plant or offshore platforms / A produ??o de ?gua tem sido a maior corrente de res?duos da ind?stria do petr?leo no segmento de Explora??o e Produ??o E&P. O tratamento deste efluente al?m de ser complexo, requer um alto custo. Neste contexto, surge o tratamento eletroqu?mico como uma metodologia alternativa que empregando rea??es de eletr?lise possibilita aumentar a capacidade e a efici?ncia do tratamento f?sico-qu?mico tradicional da ?gua produzida. A implanta??o de reatores eletroqu?micos pode ser efetivada com pequena modifica??o numa esta??o de tratamento tradicional, sem demandar ?rea significativa (tendo em vista o alto custo do metro quadrado nas plataformas em alto mar), aproveitando os equipamentos existentes, podendo realizar tratamento cont?nuo ou em bateladas, sem a necessidade de investimentos elevados. O tratamento eletrol?tico causa baixo impacto ambiental, pois o processo utiliza el?trons como reagente e gera poucos res?duos. Neste trabalho foram estudados dois tipos de reatores eletroqu?micos: um eletrofloculador e um eletroflotador, tendo como objetivo a remo??o de Cu2+, Zn2+ , fenol e BTEX presentes na ?gua produzida. No eletrofloculador aplicou-se um potencial el?trico a uma solu??o aquosa contendo NaCl, atrav?s de eletrodos de ferro, que promovendo a dissolu??o deste metal com a gera??o de ?ons Fe2+ e gases que em pH apropriado formou rea??es de coagula??o-flocula??o removendo Cu2+ e Zn2+. No eletroflotador utilizou-se c?todo de a?o carbono e ?nodo do tipo DSA de Ti/TiO2-RuO2-SnO2, em solu??o contendo NaCl, que atrav?s de uma corrente el?trica produziu agentes oxidantes fortes como Cl2 e HOCl que ajudaram a degradar o BTEX e fenol em diferentes vaz?es; o Zn2+ foi removido por eletrodeposi??o ou pela forma??o de ZnOH devido ao aumento de pH durante a rea??o. Para compreender o processo eletroqu?mico foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 22 com ponto central para avaliar a sensibilidade dos par?metros operacionais que influenciaram no processo de remo??o de Zn2+ na eletroflota??o, de forma que a densidade de corrente influenciou positivamente e a vaz?o negativamente. Como indicador da viabilidade econ?mica do tratamento eletroqu?mico foram analisados os consumos energ?ticos dos reatores tomando como base o valor kWh cobrado pela ANEEL. Os custos dos tratamentos desta pesquisa foram mais atrativos quando comparados ao utilizado atualmente no Rio Grande do Norte, podendo ser reduzidos caso seja utilizada fontes de energia alternativas, como solar, e?lica ou a g?s gerada no pr?prio P?lo Petroqu?mico ou plataformas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GustavoHVPP.pdf: 1012393 bytes, checksum: d85648d797f788ab43d046f3e32bca54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-03 / The new oil reservoirs discoveries in onshore and ultra deep water offshore fields and complex trajectories require the optimization of procedures to reduce the stops operation during the well drilling, especially because the platforms and equipment high cost, and risks which are inherent to the operation. Among the most important aspects stands out the drilling fluids project and their behavior against different situations that may occur during the process. By means of sedimentation experiments, a correlation has been validated to determe the sedimentation particles velocity in variable viscosity fluids over time, applying the correction due to effective viscosity that is a shear rate and time function. The viscosity evolution over time was obtained by carrying out rheologic tests using a fixed shear rate, small enough to not interfere in the fluid gelling process. With the sedimentation particles velocity and the fluid viscosity over time equations an iterative procedure was proposed to determine the particles displacement over time. These equations were implemented in a case study to simulate the cuttings sedimentation generated in the oil well drilling during stops operation, especially in the connections and tripping, allowing the drilling fluid project in order to maintain the cuttings in suspension, avoiding risks, such as stuck pipe and in more drastic conditions, the loss of the well / As novas descobertas de reservat?rios de petr?leo em campos onshore e offshore em l?minas d ?guas ultra-profundas e de trajet?rias complexas demandam a otimiza??o dos processos de perfura??o para reduzir as opera??es de paradas durante a perfura??o de um po?o, especialmente devido ao elevado custo das plataformas, equipamentos e dos riscos que s?o inerentes ? opera??o. Dentre os aspectos mais importantes destaca-se o projeto de fluidos de perfura??o e o estudo de seu comportamento frente a diferentes situa??es que podem ocorrer durante o processo. Atrav?s de experimentos de sedimenta??o, foi validada uma correla??o para determina??o da velocidade de sedimenta??o de part?culas em fluidos de viscosidade vari?vel com o tempo, aplicando-se as devidas corre??es para viscosidade efetiva que ? fun??o da taxa de deforma??o e do tempo. A evolu??o da viscosidade com o tempo foi obtida atrav?s de ensaios reol?gicos utilizando uma taxa de deforma??o fixa, pequena o suficiente para n?o interferir no processo de gelifica??o do fluido. Com as equa??es de velocidade de sedimenta??o de part?culas e da viscosidade do fluido com o tempo foi proposto um procedimento iterativo capaz de determinar o deslocamento das part?culas com o tempo. Essas equa??es constitutivas foram aplicadas no estudo de caso para simula??o da sedimenta??o dos cascalhos gerados na perfura??o de um po?o de petr?leo durante paradas operacionais, especialmente as conex?es e manobras, possibilitando o projeto do fluido de perfura??o de maneira a manter os cascalhos em suspens?o, evitando riscos, como por exemplo, a pris?o da coluna de perfura??o e em condi??es mais dr?sticas, a perda do po?o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcilioPR.pdf: 779455 bytes, checksum: 0cff6512b78d66eae1a828df6b9c8490 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / With the new discoveries of oil and gas, the exploration of fields in various geological basins, imports of other oils and the development of alternative fuels, more and more research labs have evaluated and characterized new types of petroleum and derivatives. Therefore the investment in new techniques and equipment in the samples analysis to determine their physical and chemical properties, their composition, possible contaminants, especification of products, among others, have multiplied in last years, so development of techniques for rapid and efficient characterization is extremely important for a better economic recovery of oil. Based on this context, this work has two main objectives. The first one is to characterize the oil by thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS), and correlate these results with from other types of characterizations data previously informed. The second is to use the technique to develop a methodology to obtain the curve of evaluation of hydrogen sulfide gas in oil. Thus, four samples were analyzed by TG-MS, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). TG results can be used to indicate the nature of oil, its tendency in coke formation, temperatures of distillation and cracking, and other features. It was observed in MS evaluations the behavior of oil main compounds with temperature, the points where the volatilized certain fractions and the evaluation gas analysis of sulfide hydrogen that is compared with the evaluation curve obtained by Petrobras with another methodology / Com as novas descobertas de petr?leo e g?s, a explora??o de campos em v?rias bacias geol?gicas, a importa??o de outros ?leos e o desenvolvimento de combust?veis alternativos, cada vez mais os laborat?rios de pesquisa t?m avaliado e caracterizado novos tipos de petr?leo e derivados. Por conseq??ncia os investimentos em novas t?cnicas e equipamentos de an?lise para determina??o na amostra das suas propriedades f?sico-qu?micas, da sua composi??o, de poss?veis contaminantes, de especifica??o de produtos, entre outros, t?m se multiplicado nos ?ltimos anos, de modo que o desenvolvimento de t?cnicas r?pidas e eficientes de caracteriza??o ? extremamente importante para um melhor aproveitamento econ?mico do petr?leo. Com base neste contexto, este trabalho tem dois objetivos principais. O primeiro ? caracterizar o petr?leo atrav?s da an?lise termogravim?trica acoplada ? espectrometria de massas (TG-MS), e correlacionar esses resultados com dados de outros tipos de caracteriza??es previamente informados. O segundo ? utilizar a t?cnica para desenvolver uma metodologia para a obten??o da curva de evolu??o do g?s sulf?drico no petr?leo. Assim, quatro amostras foram analisadas por TG-MS e por espectrometria de fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX). Os resultados obtidos com a termogravimetria podem ser utilizados para indicar a natureza do petr?leo, sua tend?ncia ? forma??o de coque, temperaturas de destila??o e craqueamento, entre outras caracter?sticas. Nas curvas de evolu??o obtidas por espectrometria de massas se observam o comportamento dos principais constituintes do petr?leo em fun??o da temperatura, os cortes onde s?o volatilizadas determinadas fra??es e a gera??o do g?s sulf?drico, que ? comparada com a curva obtida pela Petrobr?s utilizando outra metodologia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseTMAP.pdf: 3429155 bytes, checksum: 9d06d453f156a78546476b9e1a22c995 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Until the early 90s, the simulation of fluid flow in oil reservoir basically used the numerical technique of finite differences. Since then, there was a big development in simulation technology based on streamlines, so that nowadays it is being used in several cases and it can represent the physical mechanisms that influence the fluid flow, such as compressibility, capillarity and gravitational segregation. Streamline-based flow simulation is a tool that can help enough in waterflood project management, because it provides important information not available through traditional simulation of finite differences and shows, in a direct way, the influence between injector well and producer well. This work presents the application of a methodology published in literature for optimizing water injection projects in modeling of a Brazilian Potiguar Basin reservoir that has a large number of wells. This methodology considers changes of injection well rates over time, based on information available through streamline simulation. This methodology reduces injection rates in wells of lower efficiency and increases injection rates in more efficient wells. In the proposed model, the methodology was effective. The optimized alternatives presented higher oil recovery associated with a lower water injection volume. This shows better efficiency and, consequently, reduction in costs. Considering the wide use of the water injection in oil fields, the positive outcome of the modeling is important, because it shows a case study of increasing of oil recovery achieved simply through better distribution of water injection rates / At? o in?cio da d?cada de 90, a simula??o de fluxo em reservat?rio de petr?leo basicamente utilizava a t?cnica num?rica de diferen?as finitas. Desde ent?o, houve um grande desenvolvimento da tecnologia de simula??o com base em linhas de fluxo, de modo que hoje ela tem sido usada em v?rios casos e se encontra adequada para representar os diversos mecanismos f?sicos que influenciam o fluxo de fluidos no reservat?rio, tais como compressibilidade, capilaridade e segrega??o gravitacional. A simula??o baseada em linhas de fluxo ? uma ferramenta que pode ajudar bastante no gerenciamento de projetos de inje??o de ?gua, pois fornece informa??es importantes n?o disponibilizadas atrav?s da simula??o tradicional de diferen?as finitas e mostra, de forma direta, a influ?ncia entre po?o injetor e po?o produtor. Este trabalho apresenta a aplica??o de uma metodologia existente na literatura para otimizar projeto de inje??o de ?gua em um reservat?rio pertencente a um campo de petr?leo da Bacia Potiguar que possui elevado n?mero de po?os. Esta metodologia considera modifica??es das cotas de inje??o dos po?os ao longo do tempo, com base nas informa??es dispon?veis atrav?s da simula??o por linhas de fluxo. Esta metodologia reduz as vaz?es de inje??o dos po?os de menor efici?ncia e aumenta as vaz?es de inje??o dos po?os mais eficientes. No modelo proposto, a metodologia se mostrou eficaz. As alternativas de otimiza??o apresentaram uma maior recupera??o de ?leo associada a um menor volume de inje??o de ?gua. Isto demonstra uma melhor efici?ncia e, consequentemente, uma redu??o de custos. Considerando a ampla utiliza??o da inje??o de ?gua em campos de petr?leo, o resultado positivo da modelagem ? importante, porque apresenta um estudo de caso de aumento da recupera??o de petr?leo, alcan?ado simplesmente atrav?s de uma melhor distribui??o das vaz?es de inje??o de ?gua

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HeitorPG.pdf: 2527761 bytes, checksum: 19f772cea6bcb648ba6562ac9a4eeffd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-26 / The artificial lifting of oil is needed when the pressure of the reservoir is not high enough so that the fluid contained in it can reach the surface spontaneously. Thus the increase in energy supplies artificial or additional fluid integral to the well to come to the surface. The rod pump is the artificial lift method most used in the world and the dynamometer card (surface and down-hole) is the best tool for the analysis of a well equipped with such method. A computational method using Artificial Neural Networks MLP was and developed using pre-established patterns, based on its geometry, the downhole card are used for training the network and then the network provides the knowledge for classification of new cards, allows the fails diagnose in the system and operation conditions of the lifting system. These routines could be integrated to a supervisory system that collects the cards to be analyzed / A necessidade da eleva??o artificial de petr?leo se d? quando a press?o do reservat?rio n?o ? suficientemente elevada para que os fluidos nele contidos possam alcan?ar a superf?cie espontaneamente. Assim a eleva??o artificial fornece energia de forma suplementar ou integral aos fluidos do po?o para que cheguem ? superf?cie. O Bombeio mec?nico com hastes ? o m?todo de eleva??o artificial mais utilizado no mundo e a Carta Dinamom?trica (de superf?cie e de fundo) ? a melhor ferramenta de an?lise de um po?o equipado com esse tipo de m?todo de eleva??o.Um Sistema que utiliza Redes Neurais Artificiais MLP foi desenvolvido e usando padr?es pr?-estabelecidos, baseadas em sua geometria, as cartas de fundo dos po?os s?o utilizadas para o treinamento da rede e posteriormente essa rede disponibiliza o conhecimento adquirido para a classifica??o de novas cartas, permitindo o diagn?stico de poss?veis falhas no sistema de bombeio e das condi??es de funcionamento desse sistema de eleva??o. Essas rotinas podem ser integradas a um Sistema Supervis?rio que coleta as cartas a serem analisadas. Palavras-chave: Automa??o industrial, Eleva??o artificial, Bombeio mec?nico, Redes Neurais

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaPM.pdf: 4255756 bytes, checksum: 0f65b2b3a4f0afafcf55cda7d138bb36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-29 / This master dissertation presents the study and implementation of inteligent algorithms to monitor the measurement of sensors involved in natural gas custody transfer processes. To create these algoritmhs Artificial Neural Networks are investigated because they have some particular properties, such as: learning, adaptation, prediction. A neural predictor is developed to reproduce the sensor output dynamic behavior, in such a way that its output is compared to the real sensor output. A recurrent neural network is used for this purpose, because of its ability to deal with dynamic information. The real sensor output and the estimated predictor output work as the basis for the creation of possible sensor fault detection and diagnosis strategies. Two competitive neural network architectures are investigated and their capabilities are used to classify different kinds of faults. The prediction algorithm and the fault detection classification strategies, as well as the obtained results, are presented / Esta disserta??o apresenta o estudo e implementa??o de algoritmos inteligentes para o monitoramento da medi??o de sensores envolvidos em processos de transfer?ncia de cust?dia de g?s natural. Para a cria??o destes algoritmos s?o investigadas arquiteturas de Redes Neurais Artificiais devido a caracter?sticas particulares, tais como: aprendizado, adapta??o e predi??o. Um preditor ? implementado com a finalidade de reproduzir o comportamento din?mico da sa?da de um sensor de interesse, de tal forma que sua sa?da seja comparada ? sa?da real do sensor. Uma rede recorrente ? utilizada para este fim, em virtude de sua capacidade em lidar com informa??o din?mica. A sa?da real do sensor e a sa?da estimada do preditor formam a base para a cria??o das estrat?gias de detec??o e identifica??o de poss?veis falhas. Duas arquiteturas de redes neurais competitivas s?o investigadas e suas potencialidades s?o utilizadas para classificar tipos diferentes de falhas. O algoritmo de predi??o e as estrat?gias de detec??o e classifica??o de falhas, bem como os resultados obtidos, ser?o apresentados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoSGR.pdf: 2071138 bytes, checksum: 68ddf1f535ab5dfa9334c250af52a1d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-29 / The petrochemical industry has as objective obtain, from crude oil, some products with a higher commercial value and a bigger industrial utility for energy purposes. These industrial processes are complex, commonly operating with large production volume and in restricted operation conditions. The operation control in optimized and stable conditions is important to keep obtained products quality and the industrial plant safety. Currently, industrial network has been attained evidence when there is a need to make the process control in a distributed way. The Foundation Fieldbus protocol for industrial network, for its interoperability feature and its user interface organized in simple configuration blocks, has great notoriety among industrial automation network group. This present work puts together some benefits brought by industrial network technology to petrochemical industrial processes inherent complexity. For this, a dynamic reconfiguration system for intelligent strategies (artificial neural networks, for example) based on the protocol user application layer is proposed which might allow different applications use in a particular process, without operators intervention and with necessary guarantees for the proper plant functioning / A ind?stria petroqu?mica tem por objetivo obter, a partir do petr?leo bruto, produtos de alto valor comercial e de maior utilidade industrial para fins energ?ticos. Os processos dessa ind?stria s?o complexos, geralmente operam com grandes volumes de produ??o e em condi??es restritas de opera??o. O controle da opera??o em condi??es ?timas e est?veis ? importante para manter a qualidade dos produtos obtidos e a seguran?a da planta. Atualmente, as redes industriais t?m alcan?ado destaque quando h? a necessidade de se realizar o controle do processo de forma distribu?da. O protocolo para redes industriais Foundation Fieldbus, por sua caracter?stica de interoperabilidade e sua interface com usu?rio organizada em blocos de simples configura??o, tem grande notoriedade dentre o grupo de redes para automa??o industrial. O presente trabalho agrega os benef?cios trazidos pela tecnologia de redes industriais ? complexidade inerente dos processos ligados a industria petroqu?mica. Para tal, ? proposto um sistema para reconfigura??o din?mica de estrat?gias inteligentes (redes neurais artificiais, por exemplo) baseado na camada de aplica??o do usu?rio do protocolo, o qual poder? permitir o uso de diferentes aplica??es em um determinado processo, sem interven??es de operadores e com as garantias necess?rias para o bom funcionamento da planta

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoRS.pdf: 224853 bytes, checksum: a7ecf3c3cba57ff6b3ea1ac7c4fb7f05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-02 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Cementation operation consists in an extremely important work for the phases of perforation and completion of oil wells, causing a great impact on the well productivity. Several problems can occur with the cement during the primary cementation, as well as throughout the productive period. The corrective operations are frequent, but they are expensive and demands production time. Besides the direct cost, prejudices from the interruption of oil and gas production till the implementation of a corrective operation must be also taken into account. The purpose of this work is the development of an alternative cement paste constituted of Portland cement and porcelainized stoneware residue produced by ceramic industry in order to achieve characteristics as low permeability, high tenacity, and high mechanical resistance, capable of supporting various operations as production or oil wells recuperation. Four different concentration measures of hydrated paste were evaluated: a reference paste, and three additional ones with ceramic residue in concentrations of the order of 10%, 20% and 30% in relation to cement dough. High resistance and low permeability were found in high concentration of residues, as well as it was proved the pozolanic reactivity of the residue in relation to Portland cement, which was characterized through x-ray and thermogravimetry assays. It was evident the decrease of calcium hydroxide content, once it was substituted by formation of new hydrated products as it was added ceramic residue / A opera??o de cimenta??o consiste em um trabalho de extrema import?ncia para as fases de perfura??o e completa??o de po?os de petr?leo e tem grande impacto sobre a produtividade do po?o. Muitos problemas podem ocorrer com o cimento, tanto durante a cimenta??o prim?ria do po?o como tamb?m durante seu per?odo produtivo. As opera??es para corre??o destes problemas s?o freq?entes, por?m onerosas e demandam tempo de produ??o. Al?m do custo direto da opera??o corretiva, deve m ser ontabilizados, ainda, preju?zos devidos ? interrup??o da produ??o de ?leo e g?s at? que uma opera??o de corre??o seja realizada. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de pastas cimentantes alternativas, constitu?das por cimento Portland e um res?duo de porcelanato produzido pela ind?stria cer?mica, a fim de obter caracter?sticas como baixa permeabilidade, alta tenacidade e alta resist?ncia mec?nica, capazes de suportar as diversas opera??es, tanto de produ??o como de recupera??o de po?os de petr?leo. Foram avaliadas quatro concentra??es diferentes de pastas hidratadas: uma pasta de refer?ncia e tr?s pastas contendo res?duo cer?mico nas concentra??es de 10%, 20% e 30%, em rela??o ? massa do cimento. Foram encontradas, para as maiores concentra??es de res?duo, maior resist?ncia mec?nica e menor permeabilidade, al?m de ser comprovada a reatividade pozol?nica do res?duo com o cimento Portland. Esta foi caracterizada atrav?s dos ensaios de Difra??o de Raios X e Termogravimetria, ficando clara a diminui??o do teor de hidr?xido de c?lcio, substitu?do pela forma??o de novos produtos hidratados ? medida que se adicionava o res?duo cer?mico