A double case study applying action research methodology was conducted in two pharmaceutical preparation manufacturers in the Netherlands to improve their manufacturing systems by implementing time-based manufacturing (TBM) practices. Following the diagnosis phase, the situation of each Company was analysed and suitable improvement interventions were selected for implementation in the Case Companies. At the end of the action research project, semi-structured interviews were taken in each Company a year later, and the achieved results of the improvement programmes were collected and analysed. This research extends the existing theory of time-based competition and demonstrates that TBM practices apply also in the pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing industry. Furthermore, this study shows how to improve TBM practices and reduce the throughput time by providing the route for improvement and implementation. Although the first Case Company did not improve the core TBM practices and manufacturing performance, its infrastructure improved through the implementation of an ERP system and further enhancement of its quality management system, illustrating that the design of the infrastructure is a key factor to become a time-based competitor. The second Case Company succeeded to improve the 2 TBM practices and throughput processes resulting in the reduction of the order cycle time and increase of the delivery dependability. Based on the data of the two Case Companies, this study demonstrated the relationship between these two manufacturing performance parameters, which indicates that manufacturers may strive for both delivery speed and delivery reliability using the same improvement plan. Adopting TBM is a long journey of many years and needs a continuous improvement infrastructure.

This thesis addresses corporate approaches to CSR stakeholder engagement in the pharmaceutical industry in the UK and Germany. Its objective is to undertake mainly exploratory qualitative research to investigate how the selected sample manages CSR. The data was primarily accessed and collected from senior executives within major pharmaceutical companies. Multiple research methods were employed to gather rich new empirical evidence which focuses on the CSR practices and perceptions of CSR managers in both countries. To examine how this ¿sensitive¿ sector responds to what could be termed the ¿CSR Challenge¿, a critical realist perspective and six codes were chosen to map the practices and to compare similarities and differences between the two countries. This research contributes to the academic literature in this field by filling significant gaps in an area which was previously under-investigated. Ultimately, the findings are employed to examine a prespecified framework which was originally developed by the author based on secondary data in separate research. Overall, the results inform, re-examine, and improve this recently published framework. The updated explanatory framework which results from the research is the main conceptual contribution of the thesis. It serves as a management tool which includes the contextual factors which influence decision-makers¿ practices and perceptions portrayed as a set of inter-related management steps. This new conceptualisation is designed to be of practical use for decision-makers when managing their stakeholder engagement activities. As a result, this research is essentially applied and normative in nature. In addition, this work presents an original contribution to the literature in its field which should be of interest to academics.

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[pt] Embora o Brasil seja composto por uma população diversa, as empresas no país não refletem essa diversidade, evidenciando desigualdades, sobretudo nas posições de poder. Isso pois, os regimes de desigualdade criados pelas empresas mantêm os interesses dos grupos dominantes, limitando a mobilidade de pessoas de grupos minorizados e reforçando as disparidades de classe, gênero, raça, entre outras. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho investigou como a empresa farmacêutica Herbarium atua na promoção de diversidade, equidade e inclusão (DE(e)I) em sua força de trabalho, avaliando suas principais iniciativas, bem como os facilitadores e desafios enfrentados na implementação dessas práticas. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso único com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito participantes-chave da organização. Os resultados permitiriam identificar os seguintes fatores essenciais para iniciar e sustentar o processo de mudança em busca de DE(e)I no ambiente organizacional: 1) a importância do letramento na conscientização sobre desigualdades; 2) o papel da liderança como exemplo a ser seguido; 3) a escuta ativa como ferramenta da gestão da diversidade; 4) a necessidade de revisar processos organizacionais; 5) o estabelecimento de metas claras; 6) a função central do gestor de DE(e)I; e 7) os grupos de afinidade como impulsionadores da mudança. / [en] Although Brazil is a country with a diverse population, its corporations do not reflect this diversity, revealing inequalities, especially in positions of power. This is because the regimes of inequality created by companies serve to maintain the interests of dominant groups, thereby limiting the mobility of minorities and reinforcing disparities of class, gender, race, and so on. In this context, the present study sought to examine the ways in which the pharmaceutical company Herbarium seeks to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE(and)I) within its workforce. This included an assessment of the company s key initiatives, as well as an examination of the facilitators and challenges encountered in implementing these practices. Asingle case study was conducted using a qualitative approach, utilizing document analysis and semi-structured interviews with eight key participants within the organization. The results identified the following key factors for initiating and sustaining the process of change in the pursuit of DE(and)I in the organizational environment: 1) the importance of literacy in raising awareness of inequalities; 2) leading by example to be followed; 3) active listening as a tool for diversitymanagement; 4) the need to review organizational processes; 5) setting clear goals; 6) the central role of the DE(and)I manager; 7) affinity groups as drivers of change.

The traditional quality culture in the pharmaceutical industry is driven by the regulatory process of marketing authorisation and manufacturing authorisation. These components of the South African regulatory control system are exclusively technically-orientated, with no managerial focus. This study identifies several quality management principles which could find general application in the pharmaceutical industry. The research compares the current regulatory control system with the total quality concept, and highlights the positive contribution which the total quality approach is able to make in terms of its field of reference; the strategic business value of quality; quality policy formulation; the quality organisational structure; enhanced operations management; and management's control over quality costs, in particular / Economic & Management Sciences / M.Com. (Business Economics)

The traditional quality culture in the pharmaceutical industry is driven by the regulatory process of marketing authorisation and manufacturing authorisation. These components of the South African regulatory control system are exclusively technically-orientated, with no managerial focus. This study identifies several quality management principles which could find general application in the pharmaceutical industry. The research compares the current regulatory control system with the total quality concept, and highlights the positive contribution which the total quality approach is able to make in terms of its field of reference; the strategic business value of quality; quality policy formulation; the quality organisational structure; enhanced operations management; and management's control over quality costs, in particular / Economic and Management Sciences / M.Com. (Business Economics)

by Cheung Chi-kong, Chu Hok-keung, Ting Wai-tong. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaf 83. / Chapter I. --- BACKGROUND --- p.1 / Introduction --- p.1 / The Origin of Chinese Medicine --- p.2 / A Definition of Chinese Medicine --- p.5 / A Survey --- p.6 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.14 / Data Sources --- p.14 / Sample Design --- p.15 / Data Processing --- p.16 / Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS FROM THE STUDY --- p.17 / Chinese Herbal Drugs --- p.17 / Chinese Health Foods --- p.23 / Further Analysis --- p.29 / Chapter V. --- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.37 / Summary --- p.37 / Chinese Herbal Drugs : Recommendations --- p.39 / Chinese Health Foods : Recommendations --- p.52 / APPENDIX --- p.65 / Profiles of Respondents --- p.65 / Questionnaire (English/Chinese Version) --- p.68 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.83

Submitted by Vanessa Barreto Costa (vanessabarreto@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-13T01:33:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação 2017 - Vanessa Barreto Costa - APA.pdf: 1531182 bytes, checksum: b13035225ca5431228ad38395aef2d85 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-04-17T12:17:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação 2017 - Vanessa Barreto Costa - APA.pdf: 1531182 bytes, checksum: b13035225ca5431228ad38395aef2d85 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T12:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação 2017 - Vanessa Barreto Costa - APA.pdf: 1531182 bytes, checksum: b13035225ca5431228ad38395aef2d85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-05 / O objetivo dessa dissertação é investigar como as políticas regulatórias podem impactar a resiliência da cadeia de suprimentos através da avaliação de seu impacto nas capabilities formadoras de resiliência. Foram feitas 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas com gerentes de quatro empresas da área médica e farmacêutica e 1 associação de classe no Brasil. A seleção de tais indústrias é relevante, primeiramente devido ao alto nível de regulamentação ao longo destas cadeias de suprimentos e também devido sua criticidade já que, rupturas nessas cadeias de suprimentos podem colocar em risco vidas que dependem destes produtos. Os resultados indicam que a complexidade, tempo e precauções adicionais resultantes da regulamentação, associados a problemas burocráticos e processuais do órgão regulador no Brasil reduzem as capabilities de flexibilidade/redundância, velocidade e visibilidade. Os resultados também enfatizam a importância da indústria médica e farmacêutica construir resiliência na cadeia de suprimentos durante fase de preparação. Como contribuição gerencial esta pesquisa fornece um maior entendimento sobre os desafios para se construir cadeias de suprimentos resilientes nestas industrias no Brasil. Esta pesquisa contribui para a literatura investigando fatores externos na resiliência das cadeias de suprimentos, ao mesmo tempo que expande a pesquisa sobre fatores redutores de resiliência. / The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how regulatory policies may impact supply chain resilience, through the evaluation of their impacts on the formative resilience capabilities. 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of four medical and pharmaceutical companies and 1 industry association in Brazil. The selection of such industries is relevant, firstly due to the high level of government regulation along their supply chains. Secondly, due to their criticality, as supply chain disruptions may put lives that depend on medical and pharmaceutical products in danger. The results indicate that the complexity, time and additional precautions resulting from the regulation, associated with the bureaucratic and processual issues of the regulatory body in Brazil reduce the capabilities of flexibility/redundancy, velocity and visibility. In addition, the results emphasize the importance that the medical and pharmaceutical industry builds supply chain resilience in the preparedness phase. As a managerial contribution, this research provides a greater understanding about the challenges around building resilient supply chains in these industries in Brazil. This research contributes to the literature by investigating environmental factors in supply chain resilience. It also expands the research about supply chain resilience reducers.

It is frequently argued that the high costs of clinical trials prior to the admission of new pharmaceuticals are stifling innovation. At the same time, regulation of the access to markets is often justified on the basis of consumers` inability to detect the true quality of a product. We examine these arguments from an information economic perspective by setting a framework where the incentives to invest in R&D are influenced by the information structure prevailing when the product is launched in the market at a later stage. In this setting, by changing the information structure, regulation (or the lack of) can thus indirectly affect R&D efforts. More formally, we construct a moral hazard - cum - adverse selection model in which a pharmaceutical firm exerts an unobservable effort towards developing an innovative (high quality) drug (moral hazard) and then announces the (unobservable) quality outcome to an uninformed regulator and/or consumers (adverse selection). We compare the outcomes in regard to innovation effort and expected welfare under two regimes: (i) regulation, where products undergo a clinical trial designed to ascertain product quality at the point of market access; and (ii) laissez-faire with free entry, where the revelation of quality is left to the market process. Results show that whether or not innovation is greater in the presence of entry regulation crucially depends on the efficacy of the trial in identifying (poor) quality, on the probability that unknown qualities are revealed in the market process, and on the preference and cost structure. The welfare ranking of the two regimes depends on the differential effort incentive and on the net welfare gain from implementing full information instantaneously. For example, in settings of vertical monopoly, vertical differentiation and horizontal differentiation with no variable cost of quality, entry regulation tends to be the preferred regime if the effort incentive under pooling is relatively low and profits do not count too much towards welfare. A complementary numerical Analysis shows how the outcomes vary with the market and cost structure. (authors' abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series