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Att inneha fonologisk medvetenhet är grunden i att utveckla läsning. Fonologisk medvetenhet innebär förmågan att urskilja de ljud som finns representerade i språkets ljudsystem. Fonologisk medvetenhet har en underkategori som kallas fonemisk medvetenhet. Det innebär att barnet kan urskilja språkljud eller fonem i ett ord. För lärare i årskurs F–3 är det intressant att ta del av vilka undervisningsmetoder som lärare i förskoleklass använder för att främja fonologisk medvetenhet. Studien har en kognitiv utgångspunkt och resultaten analyseras efter modellen Phonological awareness intervention beyond the basics (Schuele & Boudreau, 2008). Studiens insamlade material består av fyra intervjuer med förskoleklasslärare. Intervjusvaren har tematiserats under rubrikerna undervisning, möjligheter och utmaningar. Resultatet visar att lärarna använder undervisningsmetoderna FonoMix och Läsresan, men komplettera med Bornholmsmodellen. Lärarna använder konkret material som stöd för att hjälpa eleverna att lära in språkljuden. Lärarna anser att deras fonologiska undervisning är positiv för nyanlända elever och elever med svårigheter att uttala språkljud. Slutsatsen är att undervisningsmetoderna ger ett bra underlag för undervisning inriktad på fonologisk medvetenhet. Som lärare bör man dock vara uppmärksam på att ingen dessa undervisningsmetoder är fonologiskt komplett, utan bör kombineras med andra metoder för att få en mer omfattande fonologisk undervisning.

Phonemic awareness has been identified as an essential precursor to reading. Many children suffer from a condition called central auditory processing disorder. Students suffering from this disorder have difficulty distinguishing between phonemes. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness for developing phonemic awareness skills in early readers by using a computer program designed to enhance the phonemic awareness skills of students. During the 2001-2002 school year, students located at two Kingsport elementary schools were administered the Brigance Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills pretest and posttest. Based on the results of the pretest and posttest data, it was determined that there were no significant differences between students receiving the specialized phonemic awareness training as compared to a probabilistically equivalent group of students never having received the specialized phonemic awareness training.

The purpose of this study was to determine what, if any, associations existed between the implementation of the Open Court Reading® program in kindergarten and students’ reading achievement on the Terra Nova standardized achievement test in the first grade. The study involved first-grade students who attended kindergarten in one school system in East Tennessee. Using a quantitative design, this study included the first-grade Terra Nova scores from 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004. Scores obtained by first-grade students who did not receive Open Court Reading® in kindergarten (2001 and 2002) were compared with first-grade scores obtained by students who did receive Open Court Reading® in kindergarten (2003 and 2004). The study factored in gender, ethnicity, students receiving special education services, and Title I and nonTitle I status of the school attended. Reading Normal Curve Equivalent (NCE), vocabulary NCE, reading composite NCE, language NCE, and word analysis NCE scores from four years of Terra Nova scores were used in the analysis. t-tests for independent means and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to examine the information. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Program for the Social Sciences. Based on the findings, implementing the Open Court Reading® program in kindergarten appears to have reduced learning gaps that often emerge in early grades when children are learning to read. The findings indicated that a positive relationship exists between participation in Open Court Reading® in kindergarten and test performance in first grade. From the two years of test data analyzed after the implementation of Open Court Reading® in kindergarten, learning gaps between females and males diminished; in some cases the males surpassed the females. Implementation of Open Court Reading® in kindergarten does not appear to reduce differences in test performance between non-minority and minority students. Students with special needs who are exposed to Open Court Reading® in kindergarten appear to perform higher on reading subtests in the first grade. According to the results of the reading, reading composite, and word analysis subtests, Title I students reduced the gap with nonTitle I students after they participated in the Open Court Reading® program in kindergarten.

The aim of this paper was to investigate what principles and approaches can be utilized when helping dyslexic students to improve their reading skills in the English classroom. The structure of this study is narrative research synthesis which means that the paper is based on articles written by others. The results indicate that there are several approaches to make use of, such as the Orton-Gillingham approach, Phonics and Whole language. Many experts support the principle of multisensory structured learning regarding the teaching of dyslexic students. This means that students use all their senses at the same time: visual, auditory and kinaesthetic. In order to further help students improve reading skills, the teacher can create a safe and calm classroom environment to reduce stress.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether children with autism recognize the same perceptual voicing boundaries of stop consonants as normally developing children of the same age group. This was explored using three groups of participants: ten children with autism between the ages of 8-14, five typically developing children between the ages of 8-14, and five typically developing seven-year-old children. Children in all groups listened to initial stop consonant syllables with voicing contrasts, with voiced and voiceless cognates presented. The initial consonants were altered along a voice onset time continuum within the typically perceived boundaries of each consonant. Participants were instructed to select the box containing the letter of the initial consonant they perceive when they hear each syllable. Results revealed greater difference between the responses of the children with autism when compared with the older control group, than when compared with the younger children. The responses of the children with autism were more similar to those of the children in the second control group. This could be indicative of a delay in the children with autism of perception of the categorical boundaries along the dimension of voice onset time compared to typical children's perception of these consonants.

The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of student, parent and educator perceptions of the effectiveness of the Barton Reading Spelling System. Two research questions were addressed in the study: (a) what are the students’, parents’, and educators’ perceptions of BRSS? and (b) what issues influence the effectiveness of the BRSS? Findings for the first research question included (a) positive effect on spelling, (b) positive effect on decoding and print vocabulary, (c) positive effect on reading fluency, (d) positive effect on writing fluency, (e) positive effect on students’ confidence, (f) positive effect on students’ motivations to read and write, (g) positive influence on reading comprehension if comprehension problems due to decoding deficits, and (h) no effect on oral vocabulary. Findings for the second research question included (a) the methodology, layout and training of the BRSS had a positive influence; (b) tutors’ level of experience, consistency of tutoring, level of instruction, communication with others, value in the program, and relationship with the tutee had an influence; (c) student characteristics of ADHD had a negative influence; and (d) lack of tutor support, education to teachers and parents and application of skills outside of BRSS tutoring had a negative influence. Implications of the study included (a) effectiveness of the BRSS with remediating decoding issues and reading comprehension issues directly related to decoding problems; (b) need for more teacher education on remediating basic reading problems; (c) the careful selection and support of tutors for the BRSS; (d) need for communication and collaboration among all teachers, tutors, and parents of students on BRSS; and (e) need for additional studies on the BRSS in larger samples sizes and in different settings.

No description available.

No description available.