Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008. / A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Writing and Society Research Group in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis deals with the issue of the imperative and its periphrastic forms. It points out the options of expression of this phenomenon and its usage. The theoretical part of the thesis also deals with imperative sayings; they are then compared to the Czech language. Chapters on methodology follow because they are necessary to process the practical part. The work refers to principles of choosing a good textbook and mentions approaches to grammar instruction. The second part analyses nine textbooks for teaching German as a second foreign language. The analysis is divided into three parts; for each of them the criteria for its evaluation were set. The analysis focuses not only on a teacher´s language but also on how the grammar is presented in the textbooks. Moreover, the differences between the books are mentioned.

Kinyarwanda, like many other languages in contact, has adapted foreign words to meet the needs of its daily life vocabulary and activity. In addition to the lexical need filling, Kinyarwanda borrowed foreign words not only out of need for foreign words but also for prestige. This thesis is based on two hypotheses: Kinyarwanda has borrowed foreign words out of need in various areas; loanwords have been allocated to Kinyarwanda noun class system. This work has discussed and analysed how French and English loanwords have been allocated to key areas of influence and the nominal class system of Kinyarwanda. The data were collected from various sources, including publications, conversation, newspapers, Bible literature, school text books, commercial posters, hoardings. The study has analysed loanwords from French/English deceptive cognates in a bilingual context. This is a challenging task for other researchers who will have to deal with the complexity of deceptive cognate loanwords. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-22Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000805871.pdf: 1265221 bytes, checksum: 597c24d7f51aac92703e54574c1958e2 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Moçambique é um país multilíngue e a maioria das línguas pertence ao grupo linguístico bantu. Por causa do multilinguismo, a maioria da população fala duas ou mais línguas, o que tem favorecido à influência uma das outras. Essa influência nos dias de hoje não é apenas vista na oralidade, mas na escrita principalmente nas redes sociais como o facebook, onde muitos jovens se encontram diariamente para interagirem. Foi nesse intuito que a presente pesquisa foi feita, para analisar a influência do echúwabo – uma língua falada na província da Zambézia, para o português. Para o efeito foram traçados os seguintes objetivos: a) analisar os verbos do echúwabo que entram para o português nas conversas do facebook feitas na cidade de Quelimane; b) verificar o modo como esses verbos entram nas conversas feitas em português; e, c) identificar os fatores que favorecem esse tipo de ocorrências no facebook. Para que isso fosse concretizado foram usadas como variáveis sociolinguísticas 1) a faixa etária, 2) a ocupação, 3) o gênero e 4) o nível de escolaridade. No final constatou-se que a faixa etária do falante teve influência na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de ter-se verificado que os mais novos, que compreendem a idade entre os 16 e 25 anos tiveram menos casos de verbos do português que os da segunda idade – de 30 a 39 anos de idade, e os mais velhos tiveram menos casos de verbos do echúwabo; a ocupação do falante teve influência na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de se ter verificado que os estudantes tiveram mais casos de verbos do português que os funcionários e, para o caso dos verbos do echúwabo, os estudantes tiverem menos casos que os funcionários; o gênero do falante teve influências na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de ter-se verificado que os homens apresentam mais casos de verbos do português que as mulheres e, as mulheres tiveram mais casos de verbos ... / Mozambique is a multilingual country and most of the languages belong to the Bantu language group. Because of multilingualism, the majority of the population speaks two or more languages , which has favored the influence one each other. This influence these days is not only seen in orality, but written mainly on social networks like facebook, where many young people meet daily to interact. It was in this order that the present research was conducted to analyze the influence of Echúwabo - a language spoken in the province of Zambezia, for the Portuguese. For this purpose the following objectives were set: a) analyze the verbs echúwabo entering into Portuguese in facebook conversations made in the city of Quelimane, b) determine how these verbs enter the conversations made in Portuguese, and c) identify the factors that encourage this type of occurrences on facebook. For this to be achieved were used as sociolinguistic variables 1) age, 2) the occupation, 3) gender and 4) the level of education. In the end it was found that the age of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs, because it has been found that the newest, comprising the age between 16 and 25 had fewer cases of Portuguese verbs that the second age - 30-39 years of age and older had fewer cases of verbs Echúwabo; occupation of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs, because it was found that students had more cases of Portuguese verbs than employees and, in the case of verbs of Echúwabo, students have fewer cases compared to employees, the gender of the speaker had influences in the production of two types of verbs, because it has been found that men have more cases of verbs Portuguese than women, and women had more cases of verbs Echúwabo than men, the education level of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs , because it has been found that the people with secondary level had more cases of Portuguese verbs when ...

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has taken over every aspect of our daily lives, from commerce to leisure and even culture. Today, mobile phones, desktop computers, hand-held devices, emails and the use of the internet have become a central part of our culture and society. ICT has made us a global society, where people can interact and communicate efficiently. In order for South Africa to be competitive in the global economy, it will need to develop a workforce with appropriate Information Technology skills. Of necessity, these skills will extend to using a computers and developing appropriate software and technical support skills (DOE, 2008). This thesis represents a critical analytical study in that it explores the online Sesotho Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It aims at analysing terminology development in this area. The study aims to determine how Sesotho and ICT correlate and how the linguistic aspect plays a role in online ICT terminology. The focus is not on creating new terms but to analyze the already existing ICT terms available, with regards to linguistic rules and principles and to critique if they are of quality. Furthermore, the thesis explores whether there are other strategies that can be used in the development of this terminology. It also seeks to determine if the terms are easily accessible to students and if they are used at all. Terms will be sourced from the Department of Arts and Culture ICT term list, and the focus will be on extracting only terms that have to do with computer literacy. Other online sources that list Sesotho equivalents will also be considered. The study also assesses the quality of the terms created by the Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) together with the Department of Communications (DOC) for a multilingual ICT terminology list. Furthermore, the thesis explores whether the Sesotho equivalents adhere to the linguistic rules and principles of the language. The other question asked is whether the terms are used by the intended users and if they are easily accessible to the speakers of the language. This entire aspect of the thesis speaks to the notion of the intellectualization of African languages and in this case Sesotho in particular. Not only does the thesis engage with computer literacy terminology, it also presents a detailed literature review of studies and work that has been done in this field. The thesis engagement is also done by linking the backdrop of the history of Sesotho and the Basotho peoples.

Submitted by Fabio Henrique de Carvalho Bertonha null (bertonha.tradutor@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-09T19:12:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Bertonha_final correto.pdf: 1390555 bytes, checksum: 8ac12bde0223b3326acd29aba930ca02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-03-12T18:13:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bertonha_fhc_me_sjrp.pdf: 1390555 bytes, checksum: 8ac12bde0223b3326acd29aba930ca02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T18:13:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bertonha_fhc_me_sjrp.pdf: 1390555 bytes, checksum: 8ac12bde0223b3326acd29aba930ca02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho propõe, primeiramente, analisar locuções adverbiais e prepositivas compostas por „a‟, „de‟ e „em‟; em seguida, propor um dicionário especial na direção português-italiano, da macro à microestrutura. Apoiados em Berruto (1979), Ilari e Geraldi (1985), Tamba-Mecz (2006), Oliveira (2012) e Regueiro Rodríguez (2013), acreditamos que duas ou mais palavras podem ser consideradas como sinônimas em uma língua se forem intercambiáveis em um dado contexto, sem provocar alteração de sentido, em outro. Uma vez que assumimos a equivalência entre as línguas como condição sine qua non para a elaboração de dicionários bilíngues, delineamos um verbete-modelo, que inclui contextos de uso a fim de atestar a ocorrência das locuções adverbiais e prepositivas deste estudo. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, consideramos 154 itens lexicais que estão presentes no Dicionário Houaiss: Sinônimos e Antônimos (2011). Com relação à busca dos equivalentes em italiano, observamos a semelhança na descrição das locuções adverbiais e prepositivas em dicionários italianos monolíngues e bilíngues, bem como em dicionários brasileiros. Além disso, legitimamos o uso da(s) locução(ões) equivalente(s) por meio de motores de busca na internet. Desse modo, verificamos a correspondência das ocorrências sinonímicas, ou melhor, se os contextos de uso na língua-fonte e na língua-alvo eram os mesmos. Se por um lado, nossos resultados demonstraram a presença de equivalentes sinonímicos como locuções adverbiais e prepositivas, por outro lado, também indicaram a recorrência de advérbios terminados em „-mente‟, funcionando como sinónimos de nosso objeto de pesquisa, tanto em português quanto em italiano (ambos, inter- e intralinguisticamente). Com isso, destacamos a importância da sinonímia como fenômeno linguístico, particularmente, para tradutores, pois pode conduzi-los a equivalentes mais apropriados para um contexto particular. Por fim, tendo como proposta ulterior a elaboração de um dicionário bilíngue, apresentamos 119 verbetes nos quais estão distribuídas 99 locuções adverbiais e 29 locuções prepositivas constituídas pelas preposições „a‟, „de‟ e „em‟. / This study aims, firstly, to analyse adverbial and prepositional phrases composed of ‘a’, ‘de’ and ‘em’; secondly, to propose a Portuguese-Italian special dictionary, from its macrostructure to its microstructure. Based on Berruto (1979), Ilari and Geraldi (1985), Tamba-Mecz (2006), Oliveira (2012) and Regueiro Rodríguez (2013), we affirm that two or more words can be considered as synonymous in a language if they are interchangeable in a given context, without meaning alteration, in another. Once we assume as sine qua non condition for the elaboration of bilingual dictionaries the equivalence between languages, we delineate a prototype entry, which includes contexts of use in order to certify the occurrence of adverbial and prepositional phrases in study. For the development of this research, we consider 154 itens that are present in the Dicionário Houaiss: Sinônimos e Antônimos (2011). Concerning the search for the Italian equivalents, we observe the similarity in the description of adverbial and prepositional phrases in bilingual and monolingual Italian dictionaries, as well as in Brazilian dictionaries. Moreover, we legitimate the use of the equivalent phrase(s) by means of web search engines. Thus, we verify the correspondence of synonymic occurrences, or rather, if the contexts of use in source and target languages are the same. If, on one hand, our results demonstrate the presence of synonymic equivalents as adverbial and prepositional phrases, on the other hand, they also indicate the recurrence of adverbs ending in –mente functioning as synonyms of our research object, both in Portuguese and Italian (both inter- and intra-linguistically). For this reason, we highlight the importance of synonymy as a language phenomenon, especially for translators, since it can conduce them to the most appropriate equivalents in a particular context. Finally, having as an ulterior purpose the elaboration of a bilingual dictionary, we present 119 entries in which are included 99 adverbial phrases and 29 prepositional phrases composed of ‘a’, ‘de’ and ‘em’.

Orientador: Cristina Martins Fargetti / Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Margarida Maria Taddoni Petter / Resumo: Moçambique é um país multilíngue e a maioria das línguas pertence ao grupo linguístico bantu. Por causa do multilinguismo, a maioria da população fala duas ou mais línguas, o que tem favorecido à influência uma das outras. Essa influência nos dias de hoje não é apenas vista na oralidade, mas na escrita principalmente nas redes sociais como o facebook, onde muitos jovens se encontram diariamente para interagirem. Foi nesse intuito que a presente pesquisa foi feita, para analisar a influência do echúwabo - uma língua falada na província da Zambézia, para o português. Para o efeito foram traçados os seguintes objetivos: a) analisar os verbos do echúwabo que entram para o português nas conversas do facebook feitas na cidade de Quelimane; b) verificar o modo como esses verbos entram nas conversas feitas em português; e, c) identificar os fatores que favorecem esse tipo de ocorrências no facebook. Para que isso fosse concretizado foram usadas como variáveis sociolinguísticas 1) a faixa etária, 2) a ocupação, 3) o gênero e 4) o nível de escolaridade. No final constatou-se que a faixa etária do falante teve influência na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de ter-se verificado que os mais novos, que compreendem a idade entre os 16 e 25 anos tiveram menos casos de verbos do português que os da segunda idade - de 30 a 39 anos de idade, e os mais velhos tiveram menos casos de verbos do echúwabo; a ocupação do falante teve influência na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de se ter verificado que os estudantes tiveram mais casos de verbos do português que os funcionários e, para o caso dos verbos do echúwabo, os estudantes tiverem menos casos que os funcionários; o gênero do falante teve influências na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de ter-se verificado que os homens apresentam mais casos de verbos do português que as mulheres e, as mulheres tiveram mais casos de verbos ... / Abstract: Mozambique is a multilingual country and most of the languages belong to the Bantu language group. Because of multilingualism, the majority of the population speaks two or more languages , which has favored the influence one each other. This influence these days is not only seen in orality, but written mainly on social networks like facebook, where many young people meet daily to interact. It was in this order that the present research was conducted to analyze the influence of Echúwabo - a language spoken in the province of Zambezia, for the Portuguese. For this purpose the following objectives were set: a) analyze the verbs echúwabo entering into Portuguese in facebook conversations made in the city of Quelimane, b) determine how these verbs enter the conversations made in Portuguese, and c) identify the factors that encourage this type of occurrences on facebook. For this to be achieved were used as sociolinguistic variables 1) age, 2) the occupation, 3) gender and 4) the level of education. In the end it was found that the age of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs, because it has been found that the newest, comprising the age between 16 and 25 had fewer cases of Portuguese verbs that the second age - 30-39 years of age and older had fewer cases of verbs Echúwabo; occupation of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs, because it was found that students had more cases of Portuguese verbs than employees and, in the case of verbs of Echúwabo, students have fewer cases compared to employees, the gender of the speaker had influences in the production of two types of verbs, because it has been found that men have more cases of verbs Portuguese than women, and women had more cases of verbs Echúwabo than men, the education level of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs , because it has been found that the people with secondary level had more cases of Portuguese verbs when ... / Mestre

Medical information must be available for all people in the world. Therefore it is important to translate medical research articles into foreign languages. The aim of this essay was to translate a German medical research article called “Troponinerhöhung und EKG-Veränderungen bei Schlaganfall und Subarachnoidalblutung” into Swedish and to analyse how problems that appeared during the translation process could be solved. The analysis was based on Vinay and Darbelnets, Kollers and Ingos translation theories and dealt with the question how to translate German noun phrases into Swedish. Special attention was paid to noun phrases consisting of medical terms and noun phrases containing extended modifiers. The medical terms in the source text were divided into three categories depending on their origin, Greek and Latin terms, German terms and English terms. The translation of a large number of Greek and Latin terms was based on the translation procedure called borrowing. Calque was represented especially in the translation of terms of German origin, whereas borrowing or paraphrasing was preferred when translating English terms. There were 63 noun phrases with extended modifiers in the source text. Two fifths of these corresponded to Swedish noun phrases with extended modifiers, whereas the rest must be translated into Swedish noun phrases with adjective premodifiers or relative clauses or into verbal expressions.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the teaching of rhyming verses containing rhythmic phrases facilitates young children's learning of the rhythmic phrases. The study utilized a pre-test/post-test/control group design. The students were randomly selected and assigned to either experimental group A, experimental group B, or a control group. Students in experimental group A were taught the rhyming verses and given practice repeating the rhythmic phrases contained in the rhyming verses. Students in experimental group B were only given practice repeating the rhythmic phrases. The control group was taught seasonal songs and activities. No rhythmic instruction was given to the control group.