Su kvėpavimu yra susiję daug organizmo fiziologinių sistemų, ypač širdies ir kraujagyslių sistema. Įvairūs kvėpavimo pratimai yra plačiai taikomi tiek sporte, tiek reabilitacijoje kaip veiksnys veikiantis į organizmo funkcinę būklę. Todėl įdomi ir aktuali yra mokslinė problema, ar specialiai taikomi kvėpavimo pratimai turi įtakos širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkciniams rodikliams ir jų kaitai fizinių krūvių metu. Tyrimo objektas – širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkciniai rodikliai ir ypatybės atliekant kvėpavimo pratimus. Hipotezė: manome, kad specialiai taikomi kvėpavimo pratimai turi teigiamos įtakos širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkciniams rodikliams ir jų kaitai atliekant fizinius pratimus. Darbo tikslas: nustatyti širdies susitraukimo dažnio kaitos ypatybes atliekant kvėpavimo pratimą, jungiantį hiperventiliaciją ir kvėpavimo sulaikymus. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ŠSD ir elektrokardiogramos intervalų JT ir RR santykio kaitos ypatybes aktyvios hiperventiliacijos ir kvėpavimo sulaikymų metu. 2. Nustatyti ar kinta širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinės būklės rodiklių pasikeitimo laipsnis reaguojant į pakartotinas hiperventiliacijas ir kvėpavimo sulaikymus. 3. Nustatyti nuovargio įtaką ŠKS funkcinės būklės rodiklių kaitai atliekant kvėpavimo pratimą jungiantį hiperventiliaciją ir kvėpavimo sulaikymus. Tyrimo metodai ir organizavimas: 1. Elektrokardiografija; 2. Arterinio kraujo spaudimo matavimas; 3. Fizinio krūvio mėginiai. Tyrimas atliktas LSU... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Breathing is related to many physiological systems, especially the cardiovascular system. Various breathing exercises are widely used both in sports and rehabilitation as a factor, acting on the body's functional status. It is therefore interesting and relevant to the scientific problem whether specific breathing exercises influence cardiovascular functional parameters and their changes during exercise. The object of investigation - cardiovascular functional state indicators and features of the breathing exercises. Aim: To identify the changing features in heart rate during breathing exercise that connects hyperventilation and respiratory detentions. Objectives: 1. To identify heart rate and the changing features of electrocardiogram intervals JT and RR ratio during active hyperventilation and breath holding. 2. To identify whether the cardiovascular functional state indicators changes in response to repeated hyperventilation and respiratory detentions. 3. To identify the fatigue influence on cardiovascular functional state indicators during breathing exercises that connects hyperventilation and breathing detentions. Hypothesis: We believe that specific breathing exercises have a positive effect on cardiovascular functional parameters and their changes during exercise. The methods: 1. Electrocardiography; 2. Arterial blood pressure measurement; 3. Exercise test. Organization of the research: The research was conducted in LSU kinesiology lab in 2012-2014. Participated eight... [to full text]

Because of the high and rapidly increasing cost of health care, wellness has become a significant issue for both health care practitioners and the general public. This research examines the issue of wellness and seeks to develop a model that identifies the factors that are most significant in explaining why people engage in wellness activities. A questionnaire was mailed to a sample (n = 499) randomly selected from the general population of the United States. Predictor variables are the demographic variables of age, income, education and gender together with the cognitive variables of self-actualization, benefits of wellness behavior, health locus of control and threat to health. Dependent variables are the health-seeking behaviors of exercise, stress management, nutrition, health responsibility and social support. Canonical correlation, t-tests, regression and analysis of variance are used to analyze the data. Chapter one presents two existing health models. The first presents prevention or threat to health and the second proposes self-actualization as motivating wellness behavior. The research model combines the two models. Chapter two presents relevant studies in the literature regarding use of multivariate models in consumer behavior, dimensions of wellness and empirical findings of wellness-related research. Chapter three presents the research hypotheses, research design and techniques of analysis. Chapter four presents analysis of the data and results of statistical tests. Conclusions and limitations of the research are discussed in chapter five along with recommendations for further research. The study finds threat to health as the strongest driver of wellness behavior followed closely by self-actualization thus supporting the study model. Results indicate that older persons and females perform more wellness behaviors than do younger individuals and males. Two 3-way interactions were found: (1) Income, age and marital status; (2) Education, age and marital status. Internal locus of control was not found to influence wellness behavior.

This investigation examined the effects of aerobic fitness and the Type A behavior pattern on cognitive functioning in the split-attention (dual task) paradigm. Sixty-four adults were classified as Type A or B by means of the Jenkins Activity Survey, and as Runner or Sedentary using self-reports of physical activity. Under challenging instructions, subjects performed a primary task (Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices) and secondary task (Backward Digit Span) alternatively under single and dual task conditions. There was a significant interaction between aerobic fitness and task condition such that Runners outperformed Sedentary subjects under dual, but not single, task conditions on the secondary task. No differences were found on the primary task. Backward Digit Span performance under dual, but not single, task conditions, was also found to be positively related to the subjects eating a low cholesterol diet and maintaining a healthy weight. Contrary to predictions, there were no significant effects of the Type A behavior pattern, either main or interaction, on any of the cognitive measures. Type A Runners exceeded Type B Runners in aerobic points, races per year, runs per week, Personal Record attempts, and level of dissatisfaction with performance. There were no differences in the tendency to run while injured, use of a stopwatch during training, or effort exerted in races. Overall, these findings suggest that an ability to perform under split-attention (dual task) conditions is positively related to aerobic fitness, a low-fat diet, and maintenance of a healthy weight. In addition, Type A Runners differ from B Runners in some, but not all, aspects related to the Type A pattern, suggesting that aerobic exercise may modify to a limited extent the Type A behavior pattern. The failure to find A-B differences in attentional style consistent with prior research (Matthews & Brunson, 1979) or interaction of type and exercise may reflect the nature of the sample and tasks in this particular investigation, compared with previous studies.

This study is a description of selected personality characteristics of seventh- and eighth-grade girls and the changes that occur before and after a program of either aerobics (running) or anaerobics (calisthenics) conditioning exercises during the fall semester, 1973.

The main goal of this tesis is to describe changes in representation of various subpopulations dendritic cells (myelogenic and plasmocytoigenic) in peripheral blood after intense physical stress and to review their activation status. Early count changes and changes of function of basic elements of cellular immunity after a sport load was described, whereas a behaviour of circulating dendritic cells hasn't been studied yet. The amount and the stage of differentation of dendritic cells was specified by analysis of blood samples taken before and after the load. According to the result of the tesis the reaction to extreme physical load had two effects. The amount of dendritic cells was increased, whilst the expression of kostimulative molecules (their activation) was decreased. Described changes support an opinion, that physical load initates reaction to a danger of body damage. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Bakgrund: Förekomsten av bipolär sjukdom uppskattas vara upp till 1,5 % av världens befolkning. Denna population drabbas i stor utsträckning av välfärdssjukdomar som metabolt syndrom, diabetes och hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Idag är förstahandsbehandlingen vanligtvis stämningsstabiliserande psykofarmaka, sömnpreparat och antipsykotiska läkemedel. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva fysisk aktivitet hos vuxna personer med bipolär sjukdom. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie gjordes på tio vetenskapliga artiklar som bearbetades genom textanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i kategorierna: Hälsoeffekter av fysisk aktivitet, Erfarenheter av fysisk aktivitet och Motivation för fysisk aktivitet. Resultatet påvisade i första kategorin att regelbunden fysisk aktivitet minskade skoven av mani och depression. I andra kategorin framkom det att aktiviteter som föredrogs var rytmiska och monotona, såsom löpning, cykling, promenad eller simning. Tredje kategorin påvisade att en förtroendefull relation mellan patient och allmänsjuksköterskan var betydande vid depressiva perioder. Sjuksköterskan fungerade också som stöd för vardagsstrukturen och till att motivera till fysisk aktivitet. Slutsats: Fysisk aktivitet kan symtomlindra och förbättra den fysiska och psykiska hälsan. Fysisk aktivitet bör vara en självklar del i omvårdnadsarbetet och utbildning om dess effekt bör ges till både sjuksköterskestudenter och yrkesverksamma sjuksköterskor. Mer forskning behövs för att se hur fysisk aktivitet på sikt påverkar läkemedelsbehandling och samsjukligheten med välfärdssjukdomar. / Background: The prevalence of bipolar disorder is estimated to be 1,5 % of the world's population and this patient group have a higher risk to be affected of welfare diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetic and cardiovascular diseases. The primary treatment of bipolar disorder are psychopharmacologic drugs. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe physical activity among adults with bipolar disorder. Result: Categories that appeared were: Health effects of physical activity, Experience of physical activity and Motivation for physical activity. First category showed that regularly performed physical activity reduced the episodes of mania and depression. Second category showed that preferred activities were of rhythmic and monotone nature like running, cycling, walking or swimming. Third category showed that a confiding relationship between the patient and their registered nurse were of importance during depressive episodes, functioned as support for daily routines and motivate for physical activity. Conclusion: Physical activity reduces symptoms and improve both physical and mental health. Physical activity should be a manifested treatment in nursing and education of its effect should be given to both nurse-students and registered nurses. More research is required about how physical activity affect treatment and the occurrence of welfare diseases in a long-term perspective.

Existe interesse crescente em informações científicas sobre o papel da percepção visual e da atenção visuo-espacial nos esportes. Comparamos os Tempos de Reação (TR) de atletas profissionais com os de não atletas em 5 condições de atenção visual voluntária: difusa, manifesta, encoberta (à esquerda e à direita do ponto de fixação) e dividida. Os atletas apresentaram TR médios menores que os não atletas em todos os experimentos. Diferenças em TRs a estímulos visuais dentro e fora dos focos atencionais não foram significativas (p>0,31), exceto na condição de atenção manifesta (p=0,0001), mas foram ligeiramente maiores em atletas. Tais diferenças foram significativas em experimentos com outros grupos de interesse do nosso laboratório, provavelmente devido a pequenas mudanças no protocolo experimental (detalhes nas instruções fornecidas aos voluntários). Importante salientar que na literatura existem resultados contraditórios na comparação entre atletas e não atletas em tarefas atencionais, provavelmente também por pequenas diferenças nos protocolos experimentais. / There is growing interest in scientific information on the role of visual perception and visuospatial attention in sports. We compared Reaction Times (RT) of professional athletes with those of non-athletes in 5 conditions of voluntary visual attention: diffuse, manifest, covert (to the right and to the left of gaze) and divided. Athletes showed shorter mean RT than non-athletes in all experiments. Differences in RT to visual stimuli inside and outside the attentional focus were not significant (p>0,31), except under manifest attention conditions (p=0,0001), but where slightly higher in athletes. These differences were significant in experiments on other populations of interest in our laboratory, probably due to small changes in the experimental protocol (details in the instructions provided to volunteers). It is important to note that the literature presents contradictory results in the comparison between athletes and non-athletes in attentional tasks, again, probably due to small differences in experimental protocol.

O objetivo deste projeto foi investigar as alterações histológicas e comportamentais do exercício físico no modelo da doença de Parkinson (DP) induzida por 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) em ratos, e o papel do BDNF nas alterações encontradas. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo elas voltadas para o efeito neuroprotetor e para o efeito preventivo do exercício. Para analisar o efeito do BDNF realizou-se injeção intraestriatal do bloqueador do receptor de BDNF (K252a). O protocolo de exercício consistiu de treino em esteira (3x/semana; 40 minutos). Realizaram-se testes comportamentais e análises histológicas da substância negra pars compacta e estriado. Os resultados obtidos revelaram, de modo geral, que o exercício foi eficaz na melhora do sistema dopaminérgico e capaz de recuperar o comportamento dos ratos injetados com 6-OHDA. Demonstramos ainda que o beneficio promovido pelo exercício intermitente parece ter o envolvimento do sistema BDNF-TrkB, sugerindo ser esse um importante sistema para prevenção e neuroproteção na DP. / Exercise is known to produce beneficial effects to the nervous system, The objective of this project was to investigate the histological and behavioral changes promoted by physical exercise in the PD model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats, and the role of BDNF in the changes. The study was divided into two stages, aimed at evaluating the neuroprotective and the preventive effects of exercise. To analyze the effects of BDNF we used intrastriatal injections of a BDNF receptor blocker (K252a). The exercise protocol consisted of treadmill exercise (3x/week, 40 minutes). We carried out behavioral tests and histological analysis of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the striatum. The results showed, in general, that exercise is effective in improving the dopaminergic system and able to improve the behavior of rats injected with 6-OHDA. We also demonstrated that the positive effects of intermittent exercise appear to involve the BDNF-TrkB system, suggesting this as an important preventive and neuroprotective system in PD.

O diabetes Mellitus é uma doença na qual o organismo perde a habilidade de regular adequadamente o metabolismo dos carboidratos e é caracterizada entre outros sintomas, por hiperglicemia permanente. Especificamente, o diabetes Tipo I, está associado com a diminuição da integridade do tecido ósseo e, por isso, mais propenso à fraturas. Esta pesquisa refere-se ao estudo aplicação do ultra-som e do exercício físico (natação) como formas de consolidação de fraturas em fíbulas de ratos diabéticos e apresenta resultados das avaliações glicêmicas, radiológicas, histológica e de microscopia de luz polarizada. A avaliação do grau de birrefringência nos permitiu observar que os animais diabéticos, tanto os exercitados quanto os tratados apresentaram melhores resultados que os controles. O tratamento com ultra-som de baixa intensidade e o exercício físico foram eficazes na consolidação de osteotomias experimentais / Diabetes Mellitus is a desease characterized by lost of ability in the regulating the carbohydrate metabolism and it is represented by constant hiperglycaemia and others sintoms. Among the types of diabetes, the type I, is associated with the decrease of the bone tissue integrity and therefore more susceptible to fractures. This research is related to the aplication of ultrasound and physical exercise(swimming) to help healing of osteotomized fibulae in diabetics rats. The results were evaluated by glycaemics, radiological, hystological and polarized light microscopy analysis. Birefringence analysis showed that diabetic animals, exercited and treated with ultrasound presented better results as compared to the controls. The treatment with low intensity ultrasound and physical exercise demonstrated efficacy in experimental healing fractures

O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do exercício físico aeróbico na função vasomotora dependente do endotélio em aorta de ratos bem como os mecanismos envolvidos na regulação da biodisponibilidade do NO. Para tanto, um grupo de animais foi submetido a uma sessão de exercício (EX, n=17) enquanto o outro grupo permaneceu em repouso (CT, n=18). Imediatamente após o exercício, os ratos de ambos os grupos foram eutanasiados para a retirada da aorta torácica para análises funcionais e bioquímicas. Resultados: observamos que o grupo exercitado apresentou uma melhora no relaxamento dependente do endotélio com um efeito máximo de 12%, sendo esse efeito relacionado a um aumento na ativação da eNOS. Apesar de aumentar o NO, os animais do grupo EX apresentaram níveis aumentados de superóxido (28%), efeito que foi associado à maior ativação do complexo enzimático NAD(P)H oxidase. Além do superóxido, o peróxido de hidrogênio também foi aumentado nos animais exercitados porém a maior produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio não foi suficiente para causar um estresse oxidativo vascular. Esses resultados demonstram que uma única sessão de exercício físico aeróbico é capaz de melhorar a vasodilatação dependente do endotélio por aumentar a biodisponibilidade de NO e que a produção de espécies reativas oxigênio também aumenta porém em níveis controlados . / The present study evaluated the effect of aerobic physical exercise on endothelium-dependent vasomotor function of rat aorta as well the mechanisms involved in nitric oxide bioavalability control. One group of rats was submitted to one bout of exercise (EX, n=17) while the other one was placed on the treadmill without running (CT, n=18). Immediately after exercise both group were sacrificed and the thoracic aorta was removed for functional and biochemical analysis. Results: we observed that EX group showed an improvement on endothelium-dependent relaxation (12%) and it was related to increase on eNOS activation. Despite increased nitric oxide levels, EX group demonstrated higher superoxide production (28%) that was associated to NAD(P)H oxidase activation. Additionally, hydrogen peroxide also increased in EX group but the increase in reactive oxygen species was not enough to cause oxidative stress. Theses results demonstrate that one bout of aerobic exercise can improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation by increasing NO bioavalability, and that reactive oxygen species also increases but in a controlled fashion