Introduktion: Stabilitet i knäleden bedöms ofta genom funktionella hopptester tillsammans med teknisk utrustning. Ett problem med de funktionella tester som används är brist på standardisering. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att med hjälp av rörelsesensorer utvärdera reliabilitet och validitet av Norells ACL jumptest för att mäta dynamisk stabilitet i knäleden hos unga friska personer. Metod: Sju unga friska män fick uföra Norells ACL jumptest, Drop jump och One-leg hop for distance vid två testtillfällen. Rörelsedata från första kontakt med marken analyserades. Reliabiliteten utvärderades genom test-återtest och samtidig validitet genom att procentuell differens mellan resultaten från Norells ACL jumptest och Drop jump respektive One-leg hop for distance räknades ut. Deltagarna fick även fylla i självuppskattningsformulären KOOS och IPAQ. Resultat: Det fanns en stor spridning i deltagarnas medianvärde gällande både bakåt-framåt- och sidledsacceleration vid test-återtest. Även stor spridning uppmättes i jämförelsen av de tre testerna. Det fanns inget samband mellan ökad stabilitet och dominant ben. Inget samband mellan resultatet på hopptesterna och självskattning av KOOS och IPAQ kunde påvisas. Slutsats:Reliabilitet och samtidig validitet av Norells ACL jumptest värderas som låg i denna studie. Inget samband mellan självupplevd knästabilitet och den stabilitet som uppmätts med RS kunde påvisas. Det kunde heller inte påvisas ett samband mellan dominant ben och en ökad knästabilitet. Norells ACL jumptest verkar dock vara ett likvärdigt funktionellt test jämfört med Drop jump och One-leg hop for distance gällande mätning av dynamisk stabilitet i knä enligt denna studie.

Bakgrund: Stress är en naturlig del av livet för de allra flesta människor. Att utsättas för små doser av stress är oftast ofarligt och det kan även vara en nödvändig reaktion som kroppen och hjärnan behöver för att kunna hantera olika utmanande eller hotfulla situationer. Många studier i dagsläget visar på att studenter är en grupp som generellt lider utav mycket stress. Att ha höga stressnivåer över en lång period kan ha en negativ påverkan på både den fysiska och psykiska hälsan. En framträdande grupp individer som ofta är utsatt för stress är universitetsstudenter. En grupp studenter vars stress är lite forskat om är fysioterapeutstudenter. Till författarna av denna studies kännedom finns inga tidigare uppföljningsstudier på stressupplevelse gjord.  Syfte:Syftet med studien var att undersöka den upplevda stressen under studietiden och tryggheten inför kommande yrkesliv hos fysioterapeutstudenter på Luleå tekniska universitet.. Metod: Samtliga studenter på fysioterapiprogrammet på Luleå tekniska universitet blev erbjudna att delta i en webbenkät som de fick tillgång till på mailen. 184 studenter fick tillgång till enkäten, av dem svarade 86 vilket ger en svarsfrekvens på 46.7%. Resultat: Av de 86 respondenterna svarade 72 stycken (83,3%), att de upplever stress. Av de 72 studenterna som upplevde stress var majoriteten kvinnor. 66.2% av studenterna var oroade över att inte kunna tillgodogöra sig kunskapen de lärt sig i framtida yrke. En majoritet av studenterna upplevde att inlärningen blev påverkad av en hög studiebelastning. Termin fem och sex var de mest osäkra inför kommande arbete. Konklusion: Fysioterapeutstudenter i majoritet upplevde stress. Det var en tydlig könsskillnad, kvinnliga studenter upplevde mer stress än de manliga. Den mest framträdande orsaken till stress var att inte kunna tillgodogöra sig kunskapen de har lärt sig inför kommande yrke och att många studenter inte kände sig trygga inför kommande arbete. En stor mängd kvinnliga studenter upplevde att deras inlärningsförmåga påverkades negativt av en hög studiebelastning.

Introdução: Os distúrbios ventilatórios decorrente do comprometimento pulmonar da tuberculose ainda é incerto. A importância da tuberculose na população carcerária é motivo de preocupação mundial. As condições precárias de confinamento favorecem tanto a evolução da infecção para doença, como a sua transmissão. Mesmo antes da prisão, muitos detentos estão expostos a fatores de alto risco para a doença, como desnutrição, higiene escassa, aglomeração de pessoas, residência com pouca ventilação. Objetivo: Estudar a função pulmonar através da espirometria em uma amostra de detentos de duas penitenciárias do município de Guarulhos. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo realizado em duas penitenciárias no município de Guarulhos no período de março de 2008 a maio de 2008. Este estudo fez parte do projeto de pesquisa: A Tuberculose no sistema prisional estudo em duas penitenciárias da cidade de Guarulhos SP, com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes métodos de busca de casos de tuberculose pulmonar, neste sentido foi realizado, aproveitando a população, uma avaliação da capacidade pulmonar através da espirometria. Após a realização do questionário e exames previsto no estudo principal, os detentos que relatavam história de tuberculose no passado ou atualmente, algum comprometimento respiratório, foram indicados para realizar o exame de espirometria. Resultados: Dos 2.436 presos foram indicados 629 indivíduos, 486 não conseguiram realizar a espirometria ,sendo que 143 foram incluídos no estudo. A população estudada constitui-se de homens com a idade media de 34 anos. Cerca de 55,2 por cento da população estudada está em regime fechado há mais de 12 meses. Dos indivíduos que relataram tuberculose no passado, 40,9 por cento apresentaram resultado espirométrico restritivo. Os que relataram doenças pulmonares 22,9 por cento apresentaram resultado espirométrico restritivo. Conclusão: Apesar de muitos detentos apresentarem resultado espirometrico normal, foi identificado que 38,9 por cento dos detentos que relataram doença pulmonar apresentam distúrbio ventilatório. A descoberta do distúrbio ventilatório apresentado pelo preso é de grande importância, pois, deste modo pode ser iniciado o tratamento de doenças respiratórias, melhora dos sintomas e da qualidade de vida desta população. / Introduction: Ventilatory disorders due to pulmonary tuberculosis damage are yet uncertain. The relevance of tuberculosis among prison population is a reason of world concern. The precarious conditions of confinement promote as the evolution of the infection through a disease as its transmission.Even before prison, many prisoners are exposed to high risk factors of getting ill, such as malnutrition, lousy hygiene, people agglomeration, and bad ventilation. Objective: To study the pulmonary function through spirometry in a sample formed by prisoners of two prisions from the municipality of Guarulhos.Methodology: Descriptive study made in two prisions of the municipality of Guarulhos. Data were collected between March and May of 2008. This study has composed the project The tuberculosis in prision system Study in two prisions city Guarulhos (SP), aiming to evaluate different methods of search of pulmonary tuberculosis. In view of this, it was made an evaluation with the same population of their pulmonary capacity through spirometry. After the questionnaire and medical examinations expected in the main study, the subjects reported history of tuberculosis in the past or recently, some with respiratory damages have been selected to the spirometric evaluation.Results: Of the 2.436 prisoners have been selected 629 male being than it is to 143 have been inclusive at this study. The population studied it is man with medium age 34 years old. About 55,2 per cent from the population studied is well into regime closed for more than 12 months. Of individuals who reported tuberculosis 40,9 per cent they presented result spirometric restrictive , the reported that the lung disease 22,9 per cent they presented result spirometric restrictive. Conclusion: Though many prisoners present result normal spirometric, therefore identified 38,9 per cent the many prisoners present Ventilatory disorders. The discovery of ventilatory disorders it´s of great importance because this way can be initiated the tratament of pulmonary disease, improvement of respiratory symptoms and quality of life this population.

Thesis (MSc (Physiotherapy))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2009. / Background information of the study: Physiotherapists play an important role in soccer teams. This role includes prevention of injury, treatment, education, and exercises. There is a dearth of information in some areas on the part of sports managers on the role of the physiotherapist in a team. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the knowledge of South African team managers on the role of the physiotherapist in the Premier Soccer League (PSL) teams. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to establish team managers’ knowledge of the role of physiotherapists in the prevention and treatment of soccer injuries and evaluate their knowledge of the injuries managed by physiotherapists. Setting: PSL teams in South Africa Design: A descriptive survey design with a close-ended questionnaire was used in this study. Methodology: A quantitative research approach was employed in this study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data set and a rating scale was used to determine the knowledge of team managers. Results: Out of the 16 teams in the PLS, 13 team managers participated in the study and their average knowledge was 79%. Five (38%) had administrative qualifications while eight (62%) did not include their qualifications. All 13 respondents indicated that warm up, cool down and stretching reduces the risk of injuries. Eleven (77%) reported that prophylactic strapping reduces risk of injuries. All participants agreed that physiotherapeutic treatment includes massage, electric machines and ice. They also mentioned that exercises can be done by the physiotherapist, though only three (23%) believed that the physiotherapist could conduct physical training. Conclusion: This study revealed that team managers have good knowledge of the role of the physiotherapist in soccer, with regard to prevention and treatment of injuries in sport.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Evidence indicates that the current physiotherapy management of patients with chronic non-specific LBP only offers moderate benefit. Combined treatment programmes, addressing body as well as the mind, shows promising results in developed countries with adequate resources but low evidence in poorly-resourced countries and contexts. This is another gap in the existing knowledge. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined physiotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment, compared to physiotherapy alone, in reducing pain, disability, mental health and fear-avoidance behavior, in adults with non-specific low back pain. The systematic review included articles published, in English only, between 1985-2018 (July) in the following databases available at the University of The Western Cape: EbscoHost, BioMedCentral, Cambridge Journals Online, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline (EbscoHost), Medline (Pubmed), Sabinet Reference, SAGE Journals Online, ScienceDirect,SciFinder Scholar, SCOPUS, Wiley Online Library, Springerlink and PubMed.Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of full text articles, using a critical appraisal tool. Fourteen (14) articles were included based on methodological rigour. Five (5) articles were included in the narrative synthesis and nine (9) articles were included in the meta-analyses. Statistically significant improvements in pain, disability and mental health, in favour of combination therapy for patients with chronic lower back pain were found. A small but statistically significant cumulative effect size for mental health (g = -0.26, Z = -4.49, p <.01) , physical disability (g = -0.27, Z = -5.09, p <.01) and pain (g = -.27, Z = -5.05, p <.01) , in favour of a combination of cognitive behavioural therapy and physiotherapy in patients with chronic lower back pain was found. In addition, a medium but statistically significant cumulative effect size (g = -0.50, Z = -6.95, p <.01), in terms of fear avoidance, was found in favour of the combination therapy. In conclusion, physiotherapy in combination with cognitivebehavioral therapy was more effective than physiotherapy alone, in reducing pain, disability, mental health and fear-avoidance behaviour, in adults with non-specific low back pain. Ethics: Permission for the study was obtained from the university’s Biomedical Research Ethics Committee.

Diagnosing shoulder pain conditions is a challenging area of musculoskeletal practice. Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a clinical syndrome that indicates pain and pathology involving the subacromial bursa and rotator cuff tendons within the subacromial space. The three stages of SIS are subacromial bursitis, partial thickness and full thickness rotator cuff tears. The cause of SIS is believed to be multi-factorial with both extrinsic and intrinsic factors involved in its pathogenesis. Clinicians have traditionally diagnosed SIS using a clinical examination including a subjective history followed by confirmatory clinical tests. A review of the evidence for diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests highlights that individual tests have poor diagnostic accuracy. A combination of clinical tests or a clinical examination per se may be useful at ruling out rotator cuff tears, but is less accurate at detecting rotator cuff tears when it is present. There is consensus in the literature that particular combinations of signs and clinical features may be useful in diagnosing rotator cuff tears but not for diagnosing SIS. The vast majority of research to date examining the clinical diagnosis of SIS has been focused on individual clinical tests carried out by medical practitioners in specialist and tertiary care settings. This review has established that the majority of diagnostic accuracy studies for SIS and rotator cuff tears have had poor methodological design. This exploratory study was conducted with subjects undergoing a standardized clinical examination (index test) by a physiotherapist. The decision as to which specific tests were chosen for this research was based on supporting research within the literature and the test’s actual use within the New Zealand clinical setting. This included subjective history questions, active and passive shoulder movement tests and eleven SIS tests. Subjects were referred for a diagnostic ultrasound scan immediately following the clinical examination and results from the scan stood as the criterion reference standard. Thirty eight individuals (males n=23, females n=15) with new onset shoulder pain, who met the inclusion criteria, were assessed by a participating physiotherapist. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all variables of the examination. Individual variables from the clinical examination were tested for their association with the diagnostic ultrasound scan reference criterion using Pearson Chi-Squared Exact test. Potential predictor variables were retained as potential predictors for use in the logistic regression analysis to determine the most accurate set of clinical examination variables for diagnosing SIS and the individual pathological stages of SIS. The results indicate that no historical, subjective or objective features from the clinical examination are accurate in diagnosing SIS or rotator cuff tears. The presence of night pain demonstrated a significant correlation (P<0.02) with the criterion reference standard for the presence of subacromial bursa fluid/bunching. Night pain and pain with overhead activity has a high sensitivity for subacromial bursa fluid/bunching being present. The absence of night pain and the absence of pain with overhead activity are two subjective phenomena from a clinical examination that are useful in ruling out subacromial bursa fluid/bunching being present. Night pain was also found to be the best predictor of subacromial bursa fluid/bunching being present (P<0.012). Male gender (P<0.034) was the best predictor of partial thickness rotator cuff tears while being 60 years of age or older (P<0.01) significantly correlated with full thickness rotator cuff tears. The Drop Arm Sign (P<0.01) and External Rotation Lag Sign (P<0.01) were significantly correlated with SIS and full thickness rotator cuff tears. Clinical tests for all three pathological stages of SIS and subacromial bursa fluid/bunching being present, had equivalent or if not greater diagnostic accuracy than previous report studies in the literature. The Hawkins-Kennedy Test and Neer Sign can be used in the primary care setting to rule out the presence of subacromial bursa fluid/bunching or SIS if the tests are negative. For mid to end stage SIS (rotator cuff tears) the Empty Can Test and Drop Arm Sign with their high sensitivity can be used to rule out rotator cuff tears especially to the supraspinatus tendon when the tests are negative. Despite the small sample size and other limitations of this study, the findings are an important addition to the current literature surrounding the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for SIS and rotator cuff tears. This is the first study to use physiotherapists as examiners and to be set in a primary care setting. The study is also the first to examine the diagnostic accuracy of a range of historical and subjective features from the clinical examination. The results found in the current study could be used by future studies as a starting point in the development of a clinical decision or prediction rule to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of SIS and rotator cuff tears.

<p>Sammanfattning: Bassängträning är en vanlig träningsmetod som många patienter efterfrågar. Fördelar med att träna i varmt vatten är bland annat vattnets tyngdavlastande effekt samt värmens smärtlindrande och muskelavslappnande effekt. Efterfrågan på bassängträning är ibland större än tillgången, vilket kan innebära att sjukgymnasten behöver prioritera vilka patienter som ska få tillgång till bassäng. Tydliga och jämlika rutiner och riktlinjer vid bassängträning behöver finnas. I samband med arbete för att ta fram riktlinjer vid bassängträning är det också viktigt att ha kunskap om patienternas egna upplevelser och behov för att kunna förbättra rehabiliteringen. En enkätundersökning genomfördes med syfte att beskriva hur patienterna upplever bassängträningen, vilka mål de har och hur målet med träningen bestäms samt uppnås. Syftet var också att undersöka vilka faktorer patienterna anser som viktiga för bassängträningens kvalitet. Resultaten visar att de vanligaste målen vid bassängträning är ökad rörlighet och minskad smärta. Nästan alla patienter har varit delaktiga att sätta målen och en övervägande del av patienterna anser att de till stor del uppnår målen. Positiva effekter som upplevs med bassängträningen är fysiska förbättringar och psykiskt välbefinnande. Patienterna anser att det som är viktigast för bassängträningens kvalitet är att ha bra och utbildad personal samt att få gå kontinuerligt på bassängträning.</p>

Sammanfattning: Bassängträning är en vanlig träningsmetod som många patienter efterfrågar. Fördelar med att träna i varmt vatten är bland annat vattnets tyngdavlastande effekt samt värmens smärtlindrande och muskelavslappnande effekt. Efterfrågan på bassängträning är ibland större än tillgången, vilket kan innebära att sjukgymnasten behöver prioritera vilka patienter som ska få tillgång till bassäng. Tydliga och jämlika rutiner och riktlinjer vid bassängträning behöver finnas. I samband med arbete för att ta fram riktlinjer vid bassängträning är det också viktigt att ha kunskap om patienternas egna upplevelser och behov för att kunna förbättra rehabiliteringen. En enkätundersökning genomfördes med syfte att beskriva hur patienterna upplever bassängträningen, vilka mål de har och hur målet med träningen bestäms samt uppnås. Syftet var också att undersöka vilka faktorer patienterna anser som viktiga för bassängträningens kvalitet. Resultaten visar att de vanligaste målen vid bassängträning är ökad rörlighet och minskad smärta. Nästan alla patienter har varit delaktiga att sätta målen och en övervägande del av patienterna anser att de till stor del uppnår målen. Positiva effekter som upplevs med bassängträningen är fysiska förbättringar och psykiskt välbefinnande. Patienterna anser att det som är viktigast för bassängträningens kvalitet är att ha bra och utbildad personal samt att få gå kontinuerligt på bassängträning.

No description available.

Proprioception, the often forgotten sixth sense, is frequently impaired following stroke, with rehabilitationists addressing this loss within the therapeutic techniques presented to resolve motor problems. The aims of the current studies were to (i) establish the current clinical reality of somatosensory assessment undertaken by physiotherapists nationwide, (ii) how proprioceptive loss in particular was addressed, (iii) explore upper limb weightbearing within everyday activity, (iv) evaluate the proprioceptive response in normal subjects having differences in age and activity. Proprioceptive loss following brain insult has been shown to have an adverse effect on outcome (iv) undertake a series of single case-studies to explore the effect of therapeutic intervention of weightbearing. The findings showed that (i) there was a high degree of agreement in the clinical practice of somatosensory assessment undertaken, (ii) therapeutic intervention of weightbearing was found to be recommended for both motor and proprioceptive loss (iii) upper limb weightbearing was found to be a non-trivial component of everyday life, (iv) positive effects of upper limb weightbearing were found on the proprioceptive responses of stroke victims. The implications of this research are that upper limb weightbearing activities should be incorporated in therapeutic activities to re-establish and maintain proprioceptive control of both upper and lower limbs.