The diploma thesis deals with the issue of stable climate, amount of gas emissions in pig breeding. It evaluates the technology used in the selected breed and suggests improvement. Part of the thesis is a literary research of the issue of breeding from a physical and legislative point of view. The measurements were carried out using Commeter D4141, Testo 435 and INNOVA 1412. The measured values are compared to the EU directive. By measuring, it was found that despite the technology used, the existing limits in breeds were exceeded by up to 47%. There are suggested options for how to change this situation.

Submitted by TALES DIAS DO PRADO null (talesprado@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-25T17:19:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Tales.pdf: 2999609 bytes, checksum: f5cd1215b054e67124951168cfa754b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-26T17:02:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_td_dr_jabo.pdf: 2999609 bytes, checksum: f5cd1215b054e67124951168cfa754b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T17:02:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_td_dr_jabo.pdf: 2999609 bytes, checksum: f5cd1215b054e67124951168cfa754b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG) / O aumento da expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia favorece a ocorrência de casos de câncer, como o de bexiga. De forma que, faz-se necessário dispor de alternativas que minimizem o sofrimento e melhorem a qualidade de vida desses pacientes após a remoção cirúrgica da bexiga. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a exequibilidade da técnica de ureterostomia cutânea em suínos após a realização da cistectomia total, quando comparada à técnica de ureterostomia colônica, assim como registrar e avaliar as alterações pós-operatórias. Foram utilizados 20 animais, distribuídos em dois grupos. Todos foram submetidos à cistectomia radical e, em seguida, a ureterostomia cutânea ou colônica. A exequibilidade das técnicas foi avaliada durante os procedimentos. Para tal observou-se o tamanho da incisão, o tempo de diérese, de realização da derivação urinária e o tempo de síntese, estimou-se a perda sanguínea e o grau de dificuldade na realização dos procedimentos de preparo dos ureteres, preparo do sítio de ureteroanastomose e realização da implantação ureteral. As avaliações clínicas foram realizadas durante 14 dias, quando foi realizada a eutanásia dos animais. Após a eutanásia foram realizadas avaliações macroscópicas dos rins, ureteres, dos sítios da derivação urinária e também foram feitas análises microscópicas dos rins e microbiológicas da urina. Os resultados indicam que a ureterostomia cutânea apresentou maior eficiência quando comparada à colônica nos quesitos perda de sangue, tamanho da incisão realizada e facilidade de realização da anastomose. Os tempos dos procedimentos realizados assim como o grau de dificuldade no preparo dos sítios de ureteroanastomose não diferiram entre si. Observaram-se óbitos espontâneos em 50% dos animais de cada grupo. Complicações clínicas como anorexia, dor à palpação abdominal, vômito e febre foram observadas entre os dias três e seis após as cirurgias e observou-se que a maioria dos animais com estas alterações morreram antes da eutanásia. Poucos animais apresentaram aumento sérico de creatinina, ureia, cálcio e fósforo. As avaliações macroscópicas incluíram hemorragia renal, pielonefrite, hidronefrose, dilatação da pelve, dilatação dos ureteres, falha na anastomose e uroperitônio. Os achados histopatológicos foram cilíndros hialinos intertubulares, nefrite, fibrose, pielonefrite, degeneração tubular, necrose, hemorragia, dilatação tubular e atrofia do parênquima renal, em ambos os grupos. A análise da urina permitiu identificar principalmente dois patógenos, E. coli e Staphylococcus spp. Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre grupos no período pós-operatório. Assim, concluiu-se, que ambas as técnicas podem ser indicadas como derivações urinárias viáveis e que a escolha dependerá de fatores intrínsecos ao cirurgião e ao paciente. / Increased life expectancy of pets favors the occurrence of cancer, such as the urinary bladder ones. In a way that, it’s important finding alternatives that minimize the pain and improve the quality of life of patients after surgical removal of the urinary bladder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cutaneous ureterostomy technique in pigs after the total cystectomy compared to the technique of colonic ureterostomy, as well as detect and characterize possible intraoperative complications. For that, 20 pigs were used, divided into two groups. All patients underwent radical cystectomy and then the cutaneous or colonic ureterostomies. The technical feasibility was assessed during the procedures. The procedures compared were: the incision size, dieresis time, realization of urinary diversion and the synthesis time. Also, the estimated blood loss and the degree of difficulty in performing the preparation procedures of the ureters, ureteroanastomose site preparation and ureteroanastomose itself were compared. The results indicate that cutaneous ureterostomy performimg was better than the colonic ureterostomy in relation to blood loss, incision size and anastomosis performing. In contrast, ureterocolonostomy showed better results on the implementation of ureteral preparation. The times of the procedures performed and the degree of difficulty in the preparation of ureteroanastomose sites did not differ. No animals died during surgery. Thus, it was concluded that both techniques can be indicated as viable urinary diversions and the choice will depend on factors intrinsic to the surgeon and the patient. / FAPEG: 102410267000033

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Robert Goodband / In 6 experiments, a total of 1,802 pigs were used to determine: 1) effects of increasing crystalline amino acids in sorghum- or corn-based diets on nursery or finishing pig growth performance; 2) effects of different Zn sources on nursery pig performance; and 3) effects of different corn oil sources on nursery pig performance. In the first set of experiments, corn or sorghum-based diets were supplemented with increasing levels of synthetic amino acids up to the 5[superscript]th limiting amino acid. For nursery pigs, there were no main or interactive effects (P>0.05) of grain source or added amino acids which suggests that balancing up to the fifth limiting amino acid is possible in both sorghum- and corn-based diets with the use of crystalline amino acids without detrimental effects on nursery pig growth performance. For finishing pigs, balancing to the 5[superscript]th limiting AA using NRC (2012) suggested amino acid ratios in corn- or sorghum-based diets resulted in decreased ADG and G:F and pigs fed corn-based diets had greater G:F and IV than those fed sorghum. The second set of studies compared two new zinc sources to a diet containing pharmacological levels of ZnO on nursery pig growth performance. These studies demonstrated that increasing Zn up to 3,000 ppm Zn increased ADG and ADFI. Lower levels of the new zinc sources did not elicit similar growth performance as the high level of ZnO. The third set of studies compared increasing levels of different sources of corn oil to diets containing soy oil. In the first study, an oil source × level interaction was observed (P<0.05) for ADG, G:F and caloric efficiency; however in the second study that compared a different corn oil source there were no interactions observed. Overall, increasing the level of oil from either corn- or soy-oil improved feed efficiency similar to expectations. However, the data suggests that differences in performance can be observed between different corn oil sources derived from different locations. These studies show the benefits of adding either corn or soybean oil in late-phase nursery diets to improve performance, and cost and availability should dictate which source to use.

Master of Science / Grain Science and Industry / Cassandra K. Jones / A total of 7 experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of particle size and thermal processing on swine growth performance or to develop improved analytical methods for particle size prediction. First, 5 experiments utilized 596 nursery pigs to assess how corn particle size and pelleting affected nursery pig growth performance and feed preference. The improvements from reducing particle size were mixed among experiments, potentially because pigs preferred to consume more coarsely ground corn in both mash (P < 0.05; 79.3 vs. 20.7%) and pelleted diets (P < 0.05; 58.2 vs. 31.8%) diets. Pelleting diets led to a reduction in feed disappearance, which tended to improve feed efficiency in nursery pigs (P < 0.05; 0.61 vs. 0.64 for pigs fed mash vs. pelleted diets in Exp. 1). Next, a total of 270 finishing pigs were utilized to determine the effects of long-term conditioning or extrusion of low energy feedstuffs on finishing pig nutrient digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments included the same basal diet processed as: 1) non-processed mash, 2) pelleted with 45 s conditioner retention time, 3) pelleted with 90 s conditioner retention time, or 4) extruded. Thermal processing, regardless of type, improved daily gain and feed efficiency (P < 0.05), but did not affect feed intake (P > 0.10). Extruded diets tended to improve feed efficiency compared to pelleted diets (P < 0.10). However, pigs fed thermally-processed diets had greater jowl iodine value compared to those fed mash diets (P < 0.05). Finally, 420 samples were used to determine the impact of top sieve size, grain type, technician, and flow agent on the ability of a 3-sieve analytical method to accurately predict the mean particle size determined by a standardized 12-sieve method. The experiment was a 3 × 2 × 2 × 3 factorial with 3 technicians, 2 sieve sizes (U.S. No. 12 vs. 16 sieve as the top sieve), 2 flow agent levels (0 vs. 0.5 g), and 3 grain types (corn, sorghum, or wheat). Linear regression was used to develop individual equations to predict the mean particle size for each of the 3-sieve methods compared to the standard 12-sieve method recognized as ASAE S319.4, and the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS was used to evaluate the impact of main effects and interactions on predication accuracy. All interactions were removed from the model due to insignificance (P > 0.10). Technician, screen size and flow agent did not affect (P > 0.10) the accuracy of the prediction equations. Grain was the only main effect of significance (P < 0.05), where the prediction equation overestimated the particle size of wheat by approximately 15 µm and underestimated the particle size of corn by approximately 12 µm. While statistically significant, these variations were deemed to be sufficiently accurate for the 3-sieve method, and that separate equations for each grain type were not warranted to retain the simplicity of the method. In summary, technician, sieve size, grain type, and the use of flow agent did not greatly affect the accuracy of the 3-sieve particle size analytical method, so the original method was concluded to be accurate and the preferred method.

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Joel M. DeRouchey / Jason C. Woodworth / Two experiments using a total of 720 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of Elarom SES, in-feed antibiotics, zinc, or copper on nursery pig growth performance and fecal consistency. Two experiments using a total of 1,534 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of formaldehyde inclusion, lysine level, and synthetic amino acid inclusion on nursery pig performance, amino acid utilization, and gut microbial community. One experiment using a total of 300 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of chlortetracycline (CTC) or a probiotic inclusion on nursery pig growth performance and antimicrobial susceptibility. Experiment 1 determined the effect of Elarom SES, in-feed antibiotics, or zinc on nursery pig performance and fecal consistency. The addition of Elarom SES or ZnO alone reduced ADG, but G:F was poorest when all three additives were fed in combination. Addition of in-feed antibiotics increased ADG and G:F throughout the study. Experiment 2 determined the effects of Elarom SES or copper inclusion on nursery pig performance and fecal consistency. The addition of Elarom SES or increasing copper did not provide consistent benefits in performance. In both experiments, there were no individual or overall treatment effects or treatment × day interactions observed for fecal consistency. Experiment 3 compared the effects of formaldehyde source and lysine level on nursery pig growth performance. Regardless of source or lys level, the inclusion of formaldehyde in nursery pig diets marginally reduced ADG and resulted in poorer G:F. Experiment 4 compared the effects of formaldehyde and synthetic amino acid inclusion level on nursery pig growth performance, amino acid utilization, and gut microbial community. The inclusion of Sal CURB in diets reduced ADG and ending BW while inclusion decreased ADFI. ADFI response was dependent on synthetic amino acid level in the diet. Sal CURB inclusion in diets reduced total and available lysine, but reduced bacterial microflora in treatment feed. Experiment 5 determined the effects of CTC or a probiotic on nursery pig performance and antimicrobial susceptibility. The addition of CTC to diets improved ADG, ADFI, and ending BW. The addition of Poultry Star improved ADFI and d 14 BW, but benefits did not carry throughout the study.

abstract: Yersinia enterocolitica is a major foodborne pathogen found worldwide that causes approximately 87,000 human cases and approximately 1,100 hospitalizations per year in the United States. Y. enterocolitica is a very unique pathogen with the domesticated pig acting as the main animal reservoir for pathogenic bio/serotypes, and as the primary source of human infection. Similar to other gastrointestinal infections, Yersinia enterocolitica is known to trigger autoimmune responses in humans. The most frequent complication associated with Y. enterocolitica is reactive arthritis - an aseptic, asymmetrical inflammation in the peripheral and axial joints, most frequently occurring as an autoimmune response in patients with the HLA-B27 histocompatability antigen. As a foodborne illness it may prove to be a reasonable explanation for some of the cases of arthritis observed in past populations that are considered to be of unknown etiology. The goal of this dissertation project was to study the relationship between the foodborne illness -Y. enterocolitica, and the incidence of arthritis in individuals with and without contact with the domesticated pig. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2015

A carne suína é, dentre as carnes vermelhas, a mais consumida no mundo, com uma média de consumo mundial de 12,43kg por habitante no ano de 2016. No Brasil, a média de consumo é de 11,97kg por habitante por ano, com tendência de crescimento para os próximos anos. O consumo de carne suína ocorre principalmente sob a forma de produtos industrializados, sendo que os que mais se destacam são os embutidos frescais, no qual se encontra a linguiça frescal. Em virtude da importância da produção e consumo dos derivados de carne suína no país, considera-se importante o estudo das preferências e atributos considerados importantes pelo consumidor desses produtos. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi estudar o comportamento do consumidor de linguiça frescal no município de Rio Claro-SP. Para isso foi aplicado um questionário online, com perguntas estruturadas, obtendo-se 201 respostas. Em relação ao consumo de linguiça frescal, metade dos entrevistados consomem pelo menos uma vez por semana, sendo que a maior parte do consumo é feita na forma em refeições em casa, seguido pelo churrasco. Em relação à composição da linguiça frescal os fatores que mais preocupam os consumidores é a quantidade de conservantes e aditivos, seguido pela quantidade de sódio e de gordura. A compra da linguiça frescal é feita principalmente em supermercados e açougues, e a maioria prefere comprar à granel. O fator mais importante na escolha da linguiça frescal foi o sabor. As linguiças costumam ser preparadas grelhadas na churrasqueira, fritas ou assadas no forno. A linguiça frescal apresentou ser um produto popular e versátil, sendo consumida por toda a diversidade da população. Assim como ocorre com outros produtos, o consumidor busca um produto com qualidade comprovada e diferenciado. Apesar da complexidade do ser humano e da dificuldade em prever seus comportamentos, o estudo de mercado através de questionário online funcionou como uma boa ferramenta para obtenção de informações sobre os hábitos de consumo de linguiça frescal. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa podem ser fortes aliados nas tomadas de decisão pelas empresas do setor. / Pork is one of the most consumed red meat in the world, with an average worldwide consumption of 12.43kg per inhabitant in 2016. In Brazil, the average consumption is 11.97kg per inhabitant per year, with growth trend for the coming years. Pork consumption takes place in the form of processed products and fresh sausages are the most outstanding products. Because the importance of the production and consumption of pork products in the country, it is considered important to study the preferences and attributes considered important by the consumer of these products. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the behavior of the consumer of fresh sausage in the city of Rio Claro-SP. For this, an online questionnaire was applied, with structured questions, getting 201 responses. In relation to the consumption of fresh sausage, half of the interviewees consume at least once a week, most of which is consumed in the form of home-made meals, followed as barbecue. Regarding the composition of fresh sausage, the factors that most concern consumers are the amount of preservatives and additives, followed by the amount of sodium and fat. The purchase of fresh sausage is made mainly in supermarkets and butcheries, and most prefer to buy unpacked in bulk. The most important factor in choosing fresh sausage was flavor. Sausages are usually prepared grilled, fried or baked. Fresh sausage appeared to be a popular and versatile product, being consumed by a whole diversity of population. As with other products, the consumer seeks a differentiated product with quality assured. Despite the human complexity and the difficulty in predicting their behavior, the market study through an online questionnaire worked as a good tool to obtain habits of consumption of fresh sausage. The results obtained in this research can be strong support for the companies of the sector decisions.

This thesis, entitled “Modelling the distribution of pig production and diseases in Thailand”, presents many aspects of pig production in Thailand including the characteristics of pig farming system, distribution of pig population and pig farms, spatio-temporal distribution and risk of most important diseases in pig at present, and the suitability area for pig farming. Spatial distribution and characteristics of pig farming in Thailand were studied using time-series pig population data to describe the trend of pig productions in relation to pig numbers, holder numbers, and number of pigs per holder. In more detailed analyses, pig census data in 2010 were used to describe farming systems including type of pig (native, breeding, and fattening pigs), farm scales (extensive and intensive farming systems), type of farming systems (farrow-to-finish, nursery, and finishing systems) and to quantify the association between the geographical distribution of those and several predictor variables by using Random Forest models. The results show that over the last decades, the pig population has gradually increased over time, with a marked cyclical pattern corresponding to what has been termed the “pork cycle”. The spatial distribution of large-scale pig farms corresponds with that of commercial pig breeds, which are concentrated in lowland urban or peri-urban areas, and are close to means of transportation, facilitating supply to major markets such as provincial capitals and the Bangkok Metropolitan region. Conversely the smallholders are distributed throughout the country, with higher densities located in highland, remote, and rural areas, whence they supply local, rural markets. It is proposed that intensive pig production should be integrated with crop farming within a specific “pig zone”, designated for establishment of intensive farming, which includes the necessary input and output facilities and enhanced bio-security. For smallholder pig farmers, integration of pig-farming with crop production should be promoted and combined with capacity development for farm management, including enhancing the bio-security. Spatial epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in Thailand was studied by providing a first description of the spatio-temporal pattern of PRRS in Thailand and to quantify the statistical relationship between the presence of PRRS at the sub-district level and a set of risk factors using two modelling approaches: autologistic multiple regression and boosted regression trees. An atypical and more virulent PRRS (HP-PRRS) emerged in China and spread to many countries, including Thailand, causing a lot of damage to pig production. The results indicated that farms with breeding sows may be an important group for targeted surveillance and control. However, these findings obtained at the sub-district level should be complemented by farm-level epidemiological investigations in order to obtain a more comprehensive view of the factors affecting PRRS presence. In this study, the outbreaks of PRRS could not be differentiated from the potential novel HP-PPRS form, which was recently discovered in the country.Spatial characterization of colonies of the flying fox bat, a carrier of Nipah Virus in Thailand was studied. We conducted field observation, remote sensing, and ecological niche modelling to characterize flying fox colonies and their ecological neighbourhoods. A Potential Surface Analysis was applied to map contact zones among local epizootic actors. Results showed that flying fox colonies were found mainly on Thailand’s Central Plain, particularly in locations surrounded by bodies of water, vegetation, and safe havens such as Buddhist temples. High-risk areas for Nipah zoonosis in pigs include the agricultural ring around the Bangkok metropolitan region where the density of pig farms is high. It is suggested that passive and active surveillance programs should be prioritized around Bangkok, particularly on farms with low biosecurity, close to water, and/or on which orchards are concomitantly grown. Integration of human and animal health surveillance should be pursued in these same areas. Such proactive planning would help conserve flying fox colonies and should help prevent zoonotic transmission of Nipah and other pathogens.Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to identify suitability of pig farming in Thailand was studied. The suitability maps were generated according to the three objectives obtained from decision making process including; i) pig producers’ profit is maximized, ii) public and environmental health are protected, and iii) pig health is protected and rural areas are developed. The maps showed that the areas surrounding the major consuming centres (Bangkok) were highly suitable for objective 1, the large areas in the Northeast were highly suitable for objective 2, and the areas with rather isolation including in the East and the South were highly suitable for objective 3. The final suitability maps were presented in 6 scenarios based on the level of trade-off and risk, which these can be applied for the appropriate situations. It is suggested that establishment of pig zoning, policy makers should take all aspects into consideration in order for sustainable development in all farm levels. The cost effectiveness should be further analyzed to evaluate the zoning plan before they are developed. Additionally, the plans to scale-up support to sustainable smallholder farmers and environmental management such as manure action plan should be developed.Bringing all these results together, this thesis are discussed into three parts, namely, 1) situation and distribution of pig farming, 2) epidemiology of major pig diseases, and 3) sustainable development of pig farming. / Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Jim L. Nelssen / Two experiments evaluated the effects of feeding growth promoting alternatives, alone or in combination, on nursery pig performance in comparison to a common feed additive, carbadox. In Exp.1, 288 weaned pigs (Line 600 × 241; DNA, 5.36 kg) were used in a 42-d study. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in pens of 4 at weaning in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged with a negative control diet with no dietary feed additive, a positive control with added carbadox or 7 treatments including added copper sulfate (CuSO₄; 0 vs. 125 ppm Cu) and added zinc oxide (ZnO; 0 vs. 3,000 ppm Zn from d 0 to 7 and 2,000 ppm Zn from d 7 to 28), essential oils from XTRACT 6930 at 0.91 kg/ton, Safman (yeast cell walls) at 0.23 kg/ton , Biosaf HR (yeast cells) at 0.68 kg/ton. These supplements were fed alone or in combination. From d 0 to 7 experimental diets were a pelleted diet and fed in a meal form from d 7 to 28, followed by a common corn-soybean meal-based diet from d 28 to 42. Essential oil blend (cinnamaldehyde) and yeast had no (P > 0.05) effect on ADG. Feeding carbadox or added trace minerals (Cu and Zn) improved ADG (P < 0.05) of nursery pigs compared to the control. Carryover effects from any of these dietary treatments on subsequent growth performance were not (P > 0.05) different. The use of added trace minerals Cu and Zn alone or in conjunction with either yeast or essential oil blend (cinnamaldehyde) results in ADG and G/F comparable to carbadox. In Exp. 2, 280 weaned pigs (Line 600 × 241; DNA, 5.18 kg) were used in a 35-d study. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments in pens of 5 at weaning in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged with a negative control diet with no dietary feed additive, a positive control with added carbadox or 5 treatments including added copper sulfate (CuSO₄; 0 vs. 125 ppm Cu) and added zinc oxide (ZnO; 0 vs. 3,000 ppm Zn from d 0 to 7 and 2,000 ppm Zn from d 7 to 35), and Victus® LIV (145 or 435 ppm). These supplements were fed alone or in combination (Cu/Zn and 145 ppm Victus® LIV or Cu/Zn and 435 ppm Victus® LIV. Diets were fed in meal form. Feeding carbadox, 145 ppm Victus® LIV or added trace minerals (Cu and Zn) improved ADG (P < 0.05) of nursery pigs compared to the control. In summary, under the conditions of these experiments, pigs fed zinc/copper, 145 ppm Victus® LIV or a combination of these had similar (P > 0.05) growth performance to pigs fed carbadox.

L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était d'évaluer l'intérêt de mettre en place des évaluations génomiques dans les programmes de sélection porcins. Des simulations stochastiques ont été réalisées dans le cas d'un programme de sélection d'une lignée mâle de grande taille contenant 1 050 femelles reproductrices et 50 verrats, sélectionnée pendant 10 ans pour améliorer un objectif de sélection combinant 2 caractères, respectivement mesurés sur 13 770 candidats par an (Car1) et sur 270 collatéraux par an (Car2) issus de 10% des portées. Dans la situation de référence, les valeurs génétiques étaient estimées selon la méthodologie du BLUP-Modèle Animal (BLUPMA). Dans une première étude, nous avons comparé le scénario BLUPMA à un scénario génomique dans lequel tous les candidats étaient génotypés. Les évaluations génomiques s'appuyaient sur deux populations de référence (PR) initialement constituées de 13 770 candidats pour Car1 et de 1 000 collatéraux pour Car2, et dont les tailles respectives augmentaient annuellement, en considérant les mêmes capacités de phénotypage que dans le scénario BLUPMA. Les résultats montrent que des évaluations génomiques améliorent nettement la précision d'estimation des valeurs génétiques des candidats pour les deux caractères et le progrès génétique réalisé annuellement sur l'objectif global de sélection (+27% à +33% selon les héritabilités considérées), tout en réduisant significativement l'augmentation de la consanguinité dans la population. Un second scénario génomique a été simulé, dans lequel les candidats n'étaient plus phénotypés et les évaluations génomiques s'appuyaient sur une PR uniquement constituée de collatéraux phénotypés pour Car1 et Car2. Dans ce cas, la précision des valeurs génomiques estimées et la réponse à la sélection pour Car1 sont nettement plus faibles que dans le scénario BLUPMA, montrant que la sélection génomique ne permet pas de mettre fin au phénotypage des animaux. La mise en place d'évaluations génomiques nécessitant de génotyper un grand nombre d'individus, elle entraîne un surcoût important par rapport au scénario BLUPMA. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons montré que ce surcoût peut être largement réduit en présélectionnant les candidats à génotyper sur la base de leur valeur génomique estimée sur ascendance. Il est ainsi possible de réduire de manière significative le nombre de candidats à génotyper tout en préservant une grande partie de l'avantage de la sélection génomique par rapport à la sélection conventionnelle BLUPMA. Ainsi, une diminution de 40% du nombre de candidats génotypés ne réduit que de 3 à 4% le progrès génétique annuel sur l'objectif global. Nous avons également montré qu'au-delà d'un certain seuil d'investissement, une dépense supplémentaire pour améliorer l'efficacité du programme de sélection est plus efficacement investie dans la mise en place d'évaluations génomiques que dans l'augmentation de la capacité de phénotypage des collatéraux dans le dispositif conventionnel. Ce seuil d'intérêt de mise en place d'un programme génomique est d'autant plus bas que le coût du génotypage est faible et que le coût de phénotypage des collatéraux est élevé. L'ensemble de nos résultats suggère qu'il serait intéressant de mettre en place des évaluations génomiques dans un programme de sélection d'une lignée porcine mâle de grande taille, notamment dans la population Piétrain collective française, dont la structure est proche de celle de la population simulée dans nos études. / The aim of this work was to evaluate the interest of implementing genomic evaluations in pig breeding schemes. Stochastic simulation was used. The simulated population was a pig sire line containing 1,050 breeding females and 50 boars. The line was selected for 10 years for a breeding goal including two uncorrelated traits, recorded on, respectively, 13,770 candidates per year (trait1) and 270 relatives per year born in 10% of the litters (trait2). In the reference breeding scheme (BLUPAM), the selection was based on pedigree-based BLUP estimated breeding values (EBVs). In a first study, we compared the BLUPAM scenario to an alternative genomic breeding scheme with the same phenotyping capacities, where all candidates for selection were genotyped. The genomic breeding values for trait1 and trait2 were estimated using two training populations (TP). The first one (TP1) was made up of selection candidates (phenotyped for trait1) and the second one (TP2) of relatives phenotyped for trait2. The size of TP1 and TP2 increased, respectively, from 13,770 to 55,080 and from 1,000 to 3,430 over time. Our results show that genomic evaluations significantly improve the accuracy of the EBVs of the candidates for both traits and therefore the annual genetic trends for the global breeding goal (+27% to +33% depending on trait heritability), while significantly reducing the inbreeding rate. A second genomic scenario was simulated, in which the candidates were no longer phenotyped for trait1, and the genomic breeding values were estimated with one single TP made up of relatives phenotyped for both traits. In that case, the accuracy of EBVs and the annual genetic trends for trait1 are significantly lower than in the reference (BLUPAM) scenario. This shows that a large TP is required to outperform the current schemes for traits recorded on the candidates. The implementation of genomic evaluations requires the genotyping of a large number of animals, and therefore generates additional costs compared to BLUPAM breeding schemes. In a second study, we showed that genotyping a subset of candidates that have been pre-selected according to their parental EBV allows to significantly reduce the extra costs of a genomic breeding scheme while preserving most of its superiority in terms of genetic trends and inbreeding over the BLUPAM breeding scheme. For instance, reducing the number of genotyped candidates by 40% only reduced by 3 to 4% the global annual genetic trend. We also showed that even a very marked increase in the number of relatives phenotyped for trait2 in a BLUPAM scenario does not allow to be as efficient as a genomic scenario when the number of genotyped candidates is large. Finally, we showed that the economic interest of genetic selection can be characterized by an additional cost threshold; below this threshold, it is preferable to maintain pedigree-based BLUP evaluations and increase the number of relatives, while implementing genomic evaluation is more efficient above this threshold. The value of this threshold depends on the cost of phenotyping additional relatives and on genotyping costs.Our results suggest that implementing genomic evaluations in a large size pig sire line can be a valuable strategy. This strategy could for instance easily be applied to the French Piétrain population, which resembles the nucleus population simulated in this study.