Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2456836 bytes, checksum: 09d3f72dc7985812ae8e5dab865bed8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Solanum paludosum Moric. (Solanaceae), popularly known as "jurubeba roxa" in Brazil Northeast, is used as a substitute for Solanum paniculatum ( jurubeba-verdadeira ) in folk medicine to treat hypertension and gastrointestinal disorder. In previous studies performed by Monteiro (2009) with total alkaloid fraction obtained from the root bark of this species (FAT-SP) was shown that its presented spasmolytic activity on smooth muscle, being more potent on guinea pig ileum and rat aorta. On guinea pig ileum, the relaxing effect involved antimuscarinic activity, and on rat aorta the NO/GC pathways. As the fraction has constituted by glycoalkaloids and many are known to exhibit cytotoxic activity, this activity was assessed in longitudinal layer myocytes from guinea pig ileum. In this work, we found that FAT-SP has no cytotoxic activity in these cells even the highest concentration tested (750 μg/mL), then we proceeded with the investigation of the relaxant action mechanism of FAT-SP on guinea pig ileum and rat aorta until that concentration. FAT-SP showed a relaxant effect on guinea pig ileum resistant simultaneous blockade of cholinergic and adrenergic pathways with guanethidine and atropine, respectively, suggesting there is involvement of NANC pathway; L-NAME (NOS competitive inhibitor) reduced FAT-SP relaxing potency, which was reversed in the presence of L-arginine, the substrate for NOS, suggesting that NO may be via NANC neurotransmitter. However, no reduction of the relaxing potency in the presence of ODQ, selective inhibitor of GC soluble, suggesting no participation of the GC in the FAT-SP relaxant action mechanism on guinea pig ileum. In the other hand, K+ channels participation (BKCa and SKCa) was evidenced by FAT-SP relaxing potency reduction on CsCl 5 mM presence (K+ channels nonselective blocker), TEA+ 1 mM (BKCa selective blocker) or apamin 100 nM (SKCa selective blocker). On rat aorta, it was observed participation pathway NO/cGMP/PKG, as can be evidenced by FAT-SP relaxing potency reduction in L-NAME 3 x 10-4 or 10-4 M presence and by inhibitory effect reversibility in L-arginine presence, as well as relaxing potency reduction in Rp-8-Br-cGMP 3 x 10-5 M presence, PKG selective inhibitor. Also, it was shown endothelial calmodulin participation because FAT-SP relaxing potency was reduced in presence calmidazolium 10-5 M, endothelial calmodulin selective inhibitor. The channel K+ participation (KV, SKCa and KATP) was evidenced by experiments with TEA+ 10 mM (K+ channels nonselective blocker), 4-AP 1 mM (KV selective blocker), apamin 5 x 10-8 M, glibenclamide 10-5 M (KATP selective blocker). Further, was showed partial inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization induced by IP3 of RS, but not by caffeine (20 mM). Thus, FAT-SP relaxing effect involves NO, BKCa and SKCa participation, on guinea pig ileum and endothelial calmodulin, NO/cGMP/PKG pathway and K+ channels (KV, SKCa and KATP) on rat aorta. / Solanum paludosum Moric. (Solanaceae), conhecida popularmente como jurubeba-roxa no Nordeste do Brasil, é utilizada como sucedânea de Solanum paniculatum ( jurubeba-verdadeira ) na medicina popular para tratamento de hipertensão e desordem gastrintestinal. Estudos anteriores, realizados por Monteiro (2009) com a fração de alcaloides totais obtida da casca da raiz desta espécie (FAT-SP) demonstraram que a mesma apresentou atividade espasmolítica em músculos lisos, sendo mais potente em íleo de cobaia e aorta de rato. Em íleo de cobaia, o efeito relaxante envolve atividade antimuscarínica e, em aorta de rato, a participação da via NO/GC. Como a fração possui na sua composição glicoalcaloides e muitos destes são conhecidos por apresentar atividade citotóxica, avaliou-se esta atividade em miócitos da camada longitudinal do íleo de cobaia. Neste trabalho, observou-se que a FAT-SP não apresenta atividade citotóxica nessas células na concentração máxima testada (750 μg/mL), portanto prosseguiu-se com a investigação do mecanismo de ação relaxante da FAT-SP em íleo de cobaia e aorta de rato até essa concentração. A FAT-SP apresentou um efeito relaxante em íleo de cobaia resistente ao bloqueio simultâneo das vias adrenérgica e colinérgica com guanetidina e atropina, respectivamente, sugerindo-se que há a participação da via NANC; o L-NAME (inibidor competitivo da NOS), reduziu a potência relaxante da FAT-SP, que foi revertida na presença da L-arginina, substrato para a NOS, sugerindo que o neurotransmissor da via NANC pode ser o NO. Porém, não houve redução da potência relaxante na presença de ODQ, inibidor seletivo da GC solúvel, o que sugere a não participação da GC no mecanismo de ação relaxante da FAT-SP em íleo de cobaia. Por outro lado, a participação dos canais de K+ (BKCa e SKCa) foi evidenciada pela redução da potência relaxante da FAT-SP na presença de 5 mM de CsCl (bloqueador não seletivo dos canais de K+), de 1 mM de TEA+ (bloqueador seletivo dos BKCa) ou 100 nM de apamina (bloqueador seletivo dos SKCa). Em aorta de rato, observou-se que há a participação da via NO/GMPc/PKG, como evidenciado pela redução da potência relaxante da FAT-SP na presença de 10-4 ou 3 x 10-4 M de L-NAME, e da reversibilidade do efeito inibidor na presença da L-arginina, bem como, da redução da potência relaxante na presença de 3 x 10-5 M de Rp-8-Br-cGMPS, inibidor seletivo da PKG. Ademais, foi demonstrado que há a participação da calmodulina endotelial, pois houve redução da potência relaxante da FAT-SP na presença de 10-5 M de calmidazolium, inibidor seletivo da calmodulina endotelial; participação dos canais de K+ (KV, SKCa e KATP) evidenciado pelos experimentos com 10 mM de TEA+ (bloqueador não seletivo dos canais de K+), 1 mM de 4-AP (bloqueador seletivo dos KV), 5 x 10-8 M de apamina e 10-5 M de glibenclamida (bloqueador seletivo dos KATP). Observou-se ainda a inibição parcial da mobilização do Ca2+ do RS induzida pelo IP3, mas não por cafeína (20 mM). Assim, o efeito relaxante da FAT-SP envolve a participação do NO e dos BKCa e SKCa em íleo de cobaia, e da calmodulina endotelial, bem como da via NO/GMPc/PKG e canais de K+ (KV, SKCa e KATP) em aorta de rato.

These days, wild pig, or wild boar, causes considerable damage in the Czech Republic, but also in other countries of almost the whole of Europe. The thesis describes the issues of damage done by the wild pig and the protective measures against this damage. The basis of the thesis was to measure the areas of damaged vegetation of unbearded and bearded varieties of wheat. Damaged areas on individual fields of both varieties were then compared with each other and evaluated. The choice of a variety, as an agro-technological measure against damage done by wild pigs, showed to be very effective. The damages that the wild pig did in unbearded varieties were not done in bearded ones.

No description available.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’étude de la réponse immune innée contre le virus influenza porcin (SIV) et de son contrôle dans l’espèce porcine par les protéines suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) et la cytokine-inducible SH2 domain containing protein (CISH). L’analyse de l’expression des ARNm de SOCS à l’homéostasie a montré une expression significative dans le thymus suggérant un rôle dans la différenciation des cellules T. La réponse immune innée contre une souche de SIV de sous-type H3N2 a été analysée in vitro et ex vivo. L’expression de transcrits impliqués dans la réponse antivirale et de SOCS a été évaluée. Une surexpression des ARNm des gènes antiviraux et de SOCS1 a été observée notamment à 24h post-infection. L’infection expérimentale des cellules NPTr par le virus H3N2 induit une activation des voies de signalisation impliquant MAPK et JAK/STAT. L’utilisation d’inhibiteurs spécifiques de la voie JAK/STAT a conduit à une diminution de l’expression des transcrits antiviraux et ceux de SOCS1 ainsi que l’expression des interférons de type I et III. Afin de développer un outil alternatif in vitro d’étude de la réponse immune innée, la culture en interface air-liquide (ALI) des cellules NPTr a été réalisée. Des cellules à mucus, des jonctions serrées et une résistance transépithéliale élevée ont été observées. Cependant, ces cellules n’ont pas développé de cils. La culture des cellules NPTr dans des conditions ALI, a permis une représentation partielle de l’épithélium respiratoire porcin et constitue ainsi une alternative d’étude in vitro. / The aim of this work was to investigate the innate immune response to swine influenza virus (SIV) and its regulation in swine by the suppressors of cytokine signaling SOCS and the cytokine-inducible SH2 domain containing protein (CISH). The assessment of SOCS constitutive mRNA expression showed significant mRNA expression of SOCS1 in thymus suggesting a key role of this protein in T cell differentiation. The innate immune response against an SIV H3N2 subtype was then assessed in vitro and ex vivo by measuring antiviral and SOCS transcripts expression. The induction of several antiviral genes along with SOCS1 gene was observed. Experimental infection of NPTr cells with H3N2 virus induced MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways activation. The inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway clearly reduced antiviral transcript expression, SOCS1 and both interferon types I and III mRNA expression as well. In order to develop an alternative in vitro tool to study the innate immune response, NPTr epithelial cell line were cultured at the air-liquid interface. This system promotes the differentiation of mucus producing cells, tight junctions development and enables high trans-epithelial electronic resistance values. Nonetheless, the NPTr cells do not develop cilia. The culture of NPTr cells in ALI conditions allows a partial in vitro representation to investigate some aspects of host/respiratory pathogen interaction in pigs.

CÂNDIDO, Rayssa Santos. Farinha de silagem de pescado em rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação. 2016. 46 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Fortaleza-CE, 2016. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-08-03T13:17:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_rscandido.pdf: 956578 bytes, checksum: 0d586e6bc0d9244ade1b445bf839110c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-03T13:27:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_rscandido.pdf: 956578 bytes, checksum: 0d586e6bc0d9244ade1b445bf839110c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T13:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_rscandido.pdf: 956578 bytes, checksum: 0d586e6bc0d9244ade1b445bf839110c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Two assays were conducted, the first one to determine the nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy of fish silage with microbiological inoculum for growing pigs, and the second one to evaluate the addition of fish silage flour, which was obtained from the mixture of 50% of corn and 50% of fish silage in diets for pigs at growing and finishing phases, regarding on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, sensorial evaluation of natural meat as well as mortadella and economic evaluation. In the digestibility assay, it was used 16 barrows with an initial average weight of 33.20 ± 4.93 kg, using the method of total collection of feces and urine. The fish silage presented 36.50% of crude protein, 14.45% of mineral matter, 39.78% of ether extract, and 4,032.09 kcal GE/kg. In the performance assay, 32 barrows with an initial average weight of 26.00 ± 1.68 kg were distributed among four treatments, considering the inclusion levels of 0, 25, 50 and 75% of fish silage flour with microbiological inoculum in the feed. For the whole period, there was a quadratic effect about the daily weight gain with increasing additions of fish silage flour to the diets, presenting the best results with the estimated level at 25.83%. With the increasing levels of fish silage flour there was a decrease on the average thickness of back fat, fat depth and loin depth, but carcass yield and the amount of lean meat were not affected. There was no effect on the quality characteristics of meat. Regarding the mortadella, the inclusion of fish silage flour from 25% in the feed resulted in better color attributes and between 25 and 50% for flavor and overall acceptability. The fish silage flour may be included in diets for pigs at growing and finishing phases up to 25% of inclusion, resulting in inclusion of up to 5.87% of fish silage on dry matter basis. / Foram realizados dois ensaios. O primeiro, para determinar a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e a energia metabolizável da silagem de pescado para suínos em crescimento; e o segundo, para avaliar a adição da farinha de silagem de pescado, obtida a partir da mistura de 50% de milho e 50% da silagem de pescado, em rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação, quanto ao desempenho, características de carcaça, qualidade da carne, análise sensorial da carne in natura e da mortadela e avaliação econômica. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 16 suínos machos castrados com peso médio inicial próximo de 33,20 ± 4,93 kg, sendo utilizado o método de coleta total de fezes e urina. A silagem de pescado apresentou 36,50% de proteína bruta, 14,45% de matéria mineral, 39,78% de extrato etéreo e valor energético de 4.032,09 kcal de EM/kg. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 32 suínos machos castrados, com peso inicial médio de 26,00 ± 1,68 kg, distribuídos entre quatro tratamentos, considerando os níveis de inclusão de 0, 25, 50 e 75% de farinha de silagem de pescado nas rações. No período total, observou-se efeito quadrático sobre o ganho diário de peso com as crescentes adições de farinha de silagem de pescado às dietas, apresentando o melhor resultado no nível estimado de 25,83%. Com os níveis crescentes de farinha de silagem de pescado, houve redução da espessura média de toucinho, profundidade de gordura, área de gordura e profundidade do lombo, porém o rendimento de carcaça e a quantidade de carne magra na carcaça não foram reduzidos. Não houve efeitos sobre as características qualitativas da carne. Em relação à mortadela, a inclusão da farinha de silagem de pescado a partir de 25% na ração resultou nos melhores atributos de cor e entre 25% e 50% para sabor e aceitação global. A farinha de silagem de pescado pode ser incluída em rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação até o nível de 25% de inclusão, resultando na inclusão de até 5,87% de silagem de pescado com base na matéria seca.

Estudos em genética de paisagem, das espécies zootécnicas, podem impulsionar o entendimento dos processos adaptativos, bem como, a maneira que o ambiente afeta o sucesso destas populações. O objetivo principal do projeto foi identificar assinaturas de seleção no genoma populações de suínos naturalizados brasileiros. Procurando obter a maior representatividade da variabilidade genética e ambiental dos suínos dentro do território brasileiros, amostras de DNA de pelo menos um animal e de pelo menos um grupo genético foram obtidas dentro do Banco de Germopalsma da EMBRAPA, totalizando 191 animais de 18 grupos genéticos suínos brasileiras que foram genotipadas, e classificadas de acordo com sua origem dentro de raça ou grupo genético, estado bioma, bacia hidrográfica, tipo de solo, ecoregião e tipo de vegetação. Após um controle de qualidade os genótipos resultantes foram utilizados no calculo das estatísticas F de Wright, equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Análise de componentes principais, coeficiente de endogamia, analise da variância molecular, testes de Mantel, e a determinação do número ideal de populações. Os dados ambientais foram convertidos em layers através do Qgis e utilizados na detecção de assinaturas de seleção através do BayeScan v2.1 (Foll & Gaggiotti 2008) e do Samβada (Stucki et al. 2014) Os resultados obtidos mostram que as populações estudadas têm uma estrutura variada entre e dentre si. A maior parte da variabilidade genética esta presente nos indivíduos dentro de grupos genéticos, e indivíduos dentro de estados. Existe diferenciação genética dos suínos dentro das variáveis ambientais classificatórias. As raças Monteiro e Marajó foram as que mostraram maiores níveis de estruturação. Os componentes principais mostram proximidade entre as raças comerciais, assim como o elevado grau de variação na composição genéticas das demais raças, com marcante separação dos animais Monteiro e Marajó. Níveis elevados de endogamia foram encontrados. Foram encontrados pelo menos 8 assinaturas de seleção no genoma das raças suínas localmente adaptadas. A freqüência dos genótipos destes marcadores divide o território brasileiro em duas regiões latitudinais distintas. Os níveis de estruturação das populações demonstram uma grande variabilidade genética entre e dentre as raças. As marcas de seleção encontradas demonstram a influência do meio ambiente no sucesso adaptativo destes animais ao território brasileiro. / Study of landscape genetics in livestock species can help understand the adaptive processes and the way that the environment affects the success of these populations. The main objective was the identification of genetic signatures of selection in the Brazilian autochthone swine breeds. We aim the higher representation of genetic and environmental variability from Brazilian territory sampling at least one animal from one genetic group per sampling point. The samples were obtained on CENARGEN-EMBRAPA Germplasm Bank in a total of 191 DNA samples from 19 Brazilian locally adapted swine genetic groups, classified into state, region, biome, hydrological basins, soil type, ecoregion and vegetation type. These samples were genotyped and after a quality control, we calculated Wright’ F-statistics, individual inbreeding coefficient, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Principal components, IBD, Mantel test, an ideal number of subpopulations and an analysis of molecular variance. Environmental data was converted in layers through Qgis and used to detect signatures of selection by BayeScan v2.1 (Foll & Gaggiotti 2008) and Samβada ((Stucki et al. 2014) Population studied had genetic structure among different subpopulations, in a same category. The biggest part of genetic variability is the individual within breed and in individual within state. We found different intensity of population structure in the categories studied, been the he Monteiro and Marajó breeds that ones with highest values from population genetic structure. Principal component analyses showed proximity between commercial breeds, as well as the high degree of genetic variation among other breeds, with great detachment of Monteiro and Marajó animals from others. High inbreeding levels were found. Signatures of selection were found on the genome of Brazilian locally adapted swine pig. The genotypic frequency of these signatures of selection divides the Brazilian territory into two distinct latitudinal regions. The population structure levels demonstrate a wide genetic variability inside and among races. The signatures of natural selection found demonstrate the influence of the environment to successful adaptation of swine in Brazil.

A colonização por micro-organismos patogênicos em creches de suínos é um fator importante na disseminação de doenças e surtos no rebanho. O controle desses patógenos se dá principalmente por medidas de biosseguridade, como a prática da limpeza, desinfecção e vazio sanitário das instalações. O presente estudo avaliou a carga bacteriana após o processo de limpeza e desinfecção, durante o período de 3 dias de vazio sanitário, em duas creches de suínos, pelo uso de placas de contato com meio seletivo para coliformes totais. As contagens bacterianas foram analisadas considerando três fatores (água, detergente e desinfetante) em dois níveis para cada (água: fria/quente, detergente e desinfetante: presença/ausência). Foram usadas 4 baias em cada tratamento, 4 pontos de cada baia e cada ponto foi amostrado em triplicata. Foi feita a média de crescimento bacteriano das 3 placas e pontuada em escala de 5 escores. Após limpeza e desinfecção, no primeiro dia de vazio sanitário, houve efeito da interação da água com o detergente (P<0,05), em que o uso do detergente aumentou a chance de diminuir a contaminação quando usado com água quente, mas não com água fria. Na ausência de detergente, a água fria foi mais eficaz em reduzir a contaminação do que a água quente. Houve, também, efeito da interação do detergente com o desinfetante (P<0,05), em que a presença de ambos foi mais eficaz em reduzir a contaminação do que na sua ausência ou quando apenas um dos dois foi utilizado. No terceiro dia, foi verificado que a ausência de desinfetante diminuiu a chance de reduzir a contaminação (P < 0,0001) em comparação com o uso de detergente. A água quente não representou ganho adicional quando comparada a água fria. As evidências aqui observadas reiteram a importância da lavagem, desinfecção e vazio sanitário na redução da carga bacteriana em creche de suínos. A metodologia usada no presente trabalho pode servir como um sistema simples de monitoria dos processos de lavagem e desinfecção de instalações usadas para criação de suínos. / The colonization by pathogenic microorganisms in nursery pig units is an important factor in the spread and outbreaks of diseases in the herds. Pathogens are mainly controlled by biosecurity measures, such as cleaning, disinfection and downtime on facilities. The present study evaluated the bacterial load after the cleaning and disinfection process, during the three days of vacancy, in two pig nurseries, by the use of contact plates selective for enterobacteria. Data were analyzed considering three factors (water, detergent and disinfectant) in two levels (water: cold / hot, detergent and disinfectant: presence / absence). Were used 4 pen for each treatment, and 3 plates for 4 points of the pen. A mean of the 3 bacterial growths was calculated and scored on a 5 point scale. After cleaning and disinfection, there was no detergent - water effect (P <0.05) with cold water. In the absence of detergent, cold water was more effective in reducing contamination than hot water. There was also an effect of the interaction of detergent and disinfectant (P <0.05), where a presence of both was more effective in reducing contamination than in its absence or when only one was used. On the third day, it was found that the absence of disinfectant decreased a chance of reducing contamination (P <0.0001) when compared with the use of detergent. Addition of detergent decreased the chance of contamination when combined with disinfectant, as detergent helps in removing dirt and exposes bacteria which were protected by organic matter and biofilms. The use of hot water did not how advantage when compared with cold water. As there was a fall on contamination between the 1st and 3rd day, the time of action of the disinfectant must be considered to calculate the time of vacancy to permit the action on surviving microorganisms. The results of the present work reinforce the importance of cleaning, disinfection and downtime to reduce bacterial load in swine nurseries. The methodology used in this work may serve as a practical system for monitoring cleaning and disinfection of pig facilities.

The target of this diploma work was to find and apply the most effective simulation model of pig breeding at particular company. Partial goal of this work was to identify the breeding technologies and simulation methods. The data was elaborated in program Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and the simulation model was compiled in @RISK 5.5 software. After the application of simulation model I found out, that in the chosen company was landrase pig race getting higher profitability than bílé ušlechtilé pig race. Another result points to that the shorter time of weaning of piglets has positive influence at company profitability. On the base of this results was recommended to the company to rise up the part of landrase pig race and to short the time of weaning of piglets. There was also generated the curved line of sow´s profitability in it´s individual litters, which helps to culling of sows and to integration of sows into the herd.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The swine manure is a major source of nitrogen (N) to crops, although its inappropriate use can lead to N losses which in return pollute environment and reduces its value as organic fertilizer. The sustainability of pig farming depends on strategies that could improve crops N utilization from pig slurry and mitigate harmful environmental impact caused by its use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of full and split pig slurry (PS) application in no-till corn and wheat, with and without nitrification inhibitor (NI), on: N accumulation, productivity, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The study was conducted from November 2010 to November 2011 on a typic Hapludalf. The treatments used in corn and wheat were: 1) control; 2) PS full (pre-planting); 3) PS split (1/3 at pre-planting and 2/3 sidedressing); 4) PS full + NI; 5) PS split + IN; 6) mineral NPK. Agrotain Plus was used as NI as it contains 81 % of dicyandiamide (DCD). It was used at a rate of 7 kg ha-1. The use of PS increased N accumulation and yield of maize/wheat crops and were at par with NPK mineral fertilizer. However, N2O emission was increased with PS and NPK application. Split application of PS and NI did not affected N accumulation and yield of maize and wheat crops however splitting of PS reduced N2O emissions from wheat crop. The use of NI reduced N2O soil emissions in both crops and in the two methods of PS application. On an average, N2O emission was reduced by 15.5% and 45.0 % in maize and wheat, respectively. From the results it was apparent that, the strategy of combining NI with PS could reduce environmental implications associated with the sole use of PS. / Os dejetos de suínos constituem uma importante fonte de nitrogênio (N) às culturas, embora o seu uso inadequado possa acarretar em perdas de N que poluem o ambiente e reduzem o poder fertilizante dos dejetos. A sustentabilidade da suinocultura depende de estratégias que melhorem o aproveitamento do N dos dejetos líquidos de suínos pelas culturas e que possam mitigar o impacto ambiental negativo provocado pelo seu uso agrícola. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da forma de aplicação dos dejetos líquidos de suínos (Dls) e do uso de inibidor de nitrificação (IN) sobre o acúmulo de N, a produtividade e as emissões de óxido nitroso (N2O) no cultivo do milho e do trigo em plantio direto. A pesquisa foi conduzida de novembro de 2010 a novembro de 2011 em um Argissolo Vermelho Alumínico úmbrico. Os tratamentos aplicados no milho e no trigo foram: 1) testemunha; 2) Dls em dose única (pré-semeadura); 3) Dls em dose parcelada (1/3 pré-semeadura e 2/3 cobertura); 4) Dls em dose única + IN; 5) Dls em dose parcelada + IN e 6) N-uréia + PK. O produto Agrotain Plus , que contém em sua formulação 81 % do inibidor de nitrificação dicianodiamida (DCD), foi misturado aos dejetos na dose de 7 kg ha-1. A aplicação dos dejetos aumentou o acúmulo de N e a produtividade do milho e do trigo, apresentando resultados similares à uréia. Todavia, as emissões de N2O aumentaram com a aplicação dos dejetos de suínos e da uréia. O parcelamento da dose de Dls e o uso do inibidor de nitrificação não afetaram o acúmulo de N e a produtividade do milho e do trigo, mas o parcelamento da dose de dejetos mostrou-se eficiente na redução das emissões de N2O no trigo. O inibidor de nitrificação reduziu os fluxos de N2O no milho e no trigo, nas duas modalidades de aplicação dos dejetos. Em média, o uso do inibidor de nitrificação reduziu as emissões de N2O em 15,5 % no milho e 45,0 % no trigo. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que a estratégia de adicionar a dicianodiamida (DCD) no momento da aplicação dos dejetos de suínos no campo pode reduzir o impacto ambiental negativo provocado pelo uso agrícola dos dejetos.

My thesis "The Analysis of the Genetic Source of the Prestice Black-Pie Pig" deals with the evaluation of the population of the Prestice Black-Pie pigs from the point of view of their numbers, the structure of their population and their reproductive qualities, using the data of the Association of Pig Breeders in Bohemia and Moravia. First the carcass value and meat quality of this original Czech meat bacon breed were evaluated and then a slaughter dissection and laboratory analyses of the meat from the analyzed group of pigs were done. The numbers of PBP pigs have increased significantly especially since 2012 and so has the number of the farms; however in many of them there are fewer than 10 PBP pigs. This is why the PBP pig breeding is rather fragmented and it is difficult to sustain sufficient genetic diversity of the closed population. This is also connected with unequal numbers of the 10 genealogical lines. The Akoga and Amperor lines were the most numerous. Since 2015 the numbers of pigs from different lines have been more balanced. In 2016 two sows from the renewed Apolon line, which had been born from a cryopreserved seed, were put in the farms. The influence of the line was evidential in the statistics: in reproduction as well in productive qualities. Therefore, to sustain sufficient genetic diversity in a small population we need to keep in the stock the maximum number of equally represented genealogical lines. A detailed analysis of reproductive indicators of the years 2013 - 2016 found 9.4 piglets born alive and 8.7 weaned piglets, the farrowing interval of 181 days, the average values of relevant indicators did not meet the requirements of the breeding objective; only one farm met them. Statistically speaking, there were significant differences between the individual farms. In bigger farms there were higher reproductive qualities. Between 1998 and 2016 the average daily gain in weight was 530 g for gilts, 578 g for boars, the muscle fibre ratio for gilts was 58.5 % and for boars 59.3 %, the back fat thickness was the same for both, 1.1 cm. The requirements of the breeding objective were met, except for the lower weight gain for gilts. The average daily weight gain between the years 2009 and 2013 for 577 gilts was 524 g, the average muscle fibre ratio was 59.1 % and the average back fat thickness was 1.03 cm; in all indicators there were statistically evidential differences between individual farms. In bigger farms the muscle fibre share was higher by 0.9 %. In a group of PBP pigs I studied the influence of slaughter weight and gender on carcass value. The statistics clearly showed that the bigger the slaughter weight was, the higher the back fat thickness was, and also the higher the weight of meat parts was, but the share of meat parts was reduced, and the area of MLLT increased, too. The slaughter weight had no influence on the muscle fibre share. The statistics also showed that with the increase in slaughter weight there was an increase in drip loss and the meat was tenderer. There was also a statistically inconclusive increase in intramuscular fat. The statistics also showed that the barrows in the analyzed group had a lot higher average daily gain, a statistically inconclusive higher back fat thickness, lower share of muscle fibre and a statistically conclusive lower share of ham and higher share of intramuscular fat. In the meat of the analyzed group of pigs I studied the content of fatty acids. There was a higher share of undersaturated fatty acids and a high share of n-6 PUFA:n-3 PUFA, which is not considered satisfactory from the nutritional viewpoint.