The trend toward higher-level circuit integration is the result of demand for lower cost and smaller feature size. The goal of this trend is to have a single-chip solution, in which analog and digital circuits are placed on the same die with advanced CMOS technology. The complete integration of a system may include a digital processor, memory, ADC, DAC, signal conditioning amplifiers, frequency translation, filtering, reference voltage/current generator, etc. Although advanced fabrication technology benefits digital circuits, it poses great challenges for analog circuits. For instance, the scaling of CMOS devices degrades important analog performance such as output resistance, lowering amplifier gain. Simply lowering the power supply voltage in analog circuits does not necessarily result in lower power dissipation. The many design constraints common to the design of analog circuits makes it difficult to curb their power consumption. This is especially true for already complicated analog systems like ADCs; reducing their appetite for power requires careful analysis of system requirements and special strategies. This thesis describes a 10bits 100-MS/s low-voltage pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which consists of 8-stage-pipelined low resolution ADCs and a 2-bit flash ADC. Several critical technologies are adopted to guarantee the resolution and high sampling and converting rate such as 1.5bits per stage conversion, digital correction logic, folded-cascode gain-boosted amplifiers and so on. The ADC is designed in a 90nm CMOS technology with a 1.2V supply voltage.

In this thesis, a new design methodology for pipeline FFT processor has been proposed. The pipeline FFT processor can achieve high throughput rate, and is very suitable for those systems where the continuous data sequences that call for the FFT processing enter systems sample by sample sequentially. However, the traditional pipeline FFT design based on the common single delay feed-back approach suffers low hardware utilization for the butterfly unit. In addition, the resulted transformed sequence is in the form of bit-reverse order which is not suitable for some FFT applications such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Therefore, this thesis proposes a novel pipelined FFT design by first splitting the input sequence into two data streams, which can then be applied to the FFT data-path based on the feed-forward dual-delay path data commutator. The resulted FFT architecture can achieve full butterfly utilization such that the required number of adders can be reduced by almost a half. One potential drawback of the proposed approach is that some additional large storage buffer is required at the last stage. However, the additional storage buffer can be re-organized and merged with the output reordering buffer together such that the normal-order transformed output sequence can be generated. The proposed approach has been applied to the design of 8-K point FFT in this thesis. The 8-K FFT architecture proposed in this thesis is designed based on the radix- 2^4 algorithm such that the required number of general complex number multipliers can be minimized to three. The multiplication of is realized by the dedicated constant multiplier architecture. By proper data partition and allocation, the large buffer required for many data commutator and the output reordering buffer can both be efficiently realized by multi-bank single-port memory modules. The other salient features of the 8-K FFT also include the table reduction for twiddle factors as well as the optimized variable internal data representation. The proposed FFT processor has been implemented by the TSMC 0.18um 1P6M CMOS process technology with core area of 8.74 which is the smallest design reported in the literature for normal sequential input/output order FFT.

ABSTRACT SIMULATION OF FLOW TRANSIENTS IN LIQUID PIPELINE SYSTEMS Ko&ccedil / , Gen&ccedil / er M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. O. Cahit Eralp November 2007, 142 pages In liquid pipeline systems, transient flow is the major cause of pipeline damages. Transient flow is a situation where the pressure and flow rate in the pipeline rapidly changes with time. Flow transients are also known as surge and Waterhammer which originates from the hammering sound of the water in the taps or valves. In liquid pipelines, preliminary design parameters are chosen for steady state operations, but a transient check is always necessary. There are various types of transient flow situations such as valve closures, pump trips and flow oscillations. During a transient flow, pressure inside the pipe may increase or decrease in an unexpected way that cannot be foreseen by a steady state analysis. Flow transients should be considered by a complete procedure that simulates possible transient flow scenarios and by the obtained results, precautions should be taken. There are different computational methods that can be used to solve and simulate flow transients in computer environment. All computational methods utilize basic v flow equations which are continuity and momentum equations. These equations are nonlinear differential equations and some mathematical tools are necessary to make these equations linear. In this thesis a computer program is coded that utilizes &ldquo / Method of Characteristics&rdquo / which is a numerical method in solving partial differential equations. In pipeline hydraulics, two partial differential equations, continuity and momentum equations are solved together, in order to obtain the pressure and flow rate values in the pipeline, during transient flow. In this thesis, MATLAB 7.1 is used as the programming language and obtained code is converted to a C# language to be able to integrate the core of the program with a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). The Computer program is verified for different scenarios with the available real pipeline data and results of various reputable agencies. The output of the computer program is the tabulated pressure and flow rate values according to time indexes and graphical representations of these values. There are also prompts for users warning about possible dangerous operation modes of the pipeline components.

This thesis analyzes Turkey&rsquo / s energy security and its energy cooperation with the European Union and Russia. The thesis argues that Turkey&rsquo / s energy cooperation with Russia and the European Union&rsquo / s energy dialogue between Russia contradict with Turkey&rsquo / s claim to be an exclusive energy corridor between the Caspian Sea region and the European Union. The first part of the thesis deals with the energy security issue in terms of the diversification of energy routes and pipeline politics. In the second part, Turkey&rsquo / s energy needs and its potential to become an energy corridor will be discussed. Turkey&rsquo / s energy cooperation with the European Union and Russia will be explored in the following parts of the thesis. Energy cooperation between the European Union and Russia will be analyzed in the fifth chapter. The last chapter is the conclusion.

&Ccedil / amlidere Dam supplies significant portion of the potable water demand of the City of Ankara. Consequently, it is very important that the pipelines extending over 60 km between the dam and the treatment plant at Ivedik operate continuously. At present, two composite parallel lines are in operation and construction of a third line is considered for the future. It is the aim of this study to investigate the water hammer problems to be expected under various scenarios and also suggest the safe operation conditions for the system. Water hammer analyses of the pipeline are carried out by computer software named HAMMER. This software employs the Method of Characteristics (MoC) which is a widely used mathematical procedure in solving the non-linear differential equations caused by unsteady flow. Within this theses work, existing tunnels, prestressed concrete and steel pipes, third steel pipeline which is planned to be constructed in the future and existing, and future-planned valves are modeled and calibration of the model is implemented. A plenty of scenarios and valve closure principles are constituted in order to specify steady-state conditions and additional water hammer pressures generated by several excitations through the pipeline. Results of these scenarios are compared with previous works conducted on the pipeline system and the most unfavorable ones among those are determined. Then, appropriate closure durations are identified and suggested for pipe fracture safety valves and the flow control valves at Ivedik in order not to cause excessive pressures in the system.

The number and scope of data driven streaming applications is growing. Such streaming applications are promising targets for effectively utilizing multi-cores because of their inherent amenability to pipelined parallelism. While existing methods of orchestrating streaming programs on multi-cores have mostly been static, real-world applications show ample variations in execution time that may cause the achieved speedup and throughput to be sub-optimal. One of the principle challenges for moving towards dynamic pipeline balancing has been the lack of approaches that can predict upcoming dynamic variations in execution efficiently, well before they occur. In this thesis, we propose an automated dynamic execution behavior prediction approach based on compiler analysis that can be used to efficiently estimate the time to be spent in different pipeline stages for upcoming inputs. Our approach first uses dynamic taint analysis to automatically generate an input-based execution characterization of the streaming program, which identifies the key control points where variation in execution might occur with respect to the associated input elements. We then automatically generate a light-weight emulator from the program using this characterization that can predict the execution paths taken for new streaming inputs and provide execution time estimates and possible dynamic variations. The main challenge in devising such an approach is the essential trade-off between accuracy and overhead of dynamic analysis. We present experimental evidence that our technique can accurately and efficiently estimate dynamic execution behaviors for several benchmarks with a small error rate. We also showed that the error rate could be lowered with the trade-off of execution overhead by implementing a selective symbolic expression generation for each of the complex conditions of control-flow operations. Our experiments show that dynamic pipeline balancing using our predicted execution behavior can achieve considerably higher speedup and throughput along with more effective utilization of multi-cores than static balancing approaches.

<p>Denna rapport är en reflekterande text över skapandet av en digital handbok för animatörer som är med och startar ett nytt spelprojekt. Handboken är ett verk som gjordes som examensarbete på Högskolan i Skövde vårterminen 2009.</p><p>Rapporten beskriver processen bakom skapandet av handboken. Denna process innefattar praktiskt arbete på företaget Junebug AB i Malmö, en förberedande litteraturstudie av hur text skrivs på ett tydligt, pedagogiskt sätt, en ytterligare litteraturstudie av tidigare skrivna handböcker för animatörer, intervjuer med animatörer i branschen och på utbildningen och sammanställning av handboken.</p><p>Den centrala frågeställningen var: Hur kan man i handboksform på bästa sätt förmedla hur en animationspipeline1 tas fram, underhålls/effektiviseras och dokumenteras?</p><p>Målet med arbetet har varit att sammanställa en handbok som andra animatörer kan använda sig av. Syftet har varit att lära mig om en riktig arbetsmiljö i spelbranschen och förmedla detta i handboken. Ett sekundärt mål har varit att uppmana andra animatörer i spelbranschen och på utbildningen att bidra med sina erfarenheter, tips och råd genom intervjuer.</p><p>Resultatet blev en digital handbok på Internet för animatörer som jobbar, eller snart ska börja jobba, med animation i spelbranschen.</p>

Dans le but de réduire les coûts de transport du gaz, il est prévu d'augmenter les pressions de service des pipelines. Pour ce faire, des aciers à haute limite d'élasticité ferrito-bainitiques, type X100 (limite d'élasticité supérieure à 100 ksi, soit 690 MPa), ont été développé. Les propriétés à froid des soudures de raboutage réalisées par un procédé MAG automatique sont vérifiées par des essais mécaniques. Des essais Charpy ont montré que lorsque l'entaille est centrée en ligne de fusion, l'énergie de rupture à -20 °C est inférieure à 40 Joules. La zone fragile se situe dans la zone affectée thermiquement à gros grains. Les deux ZAT, trop petites pour être testées individuellement, sont reproduites à l'aide d'une machine Gleeble. Une procédure spécifique pour l'identification des lois de comportement mécanique est mise en place pour les éprouvettes de ZAT simulée, afin de tenir compte des hétérogénéités métallurgiques de ces éprouvettes. Des essais de traction sur éprouvettes lisses et entaillées, des essais de flexion en quasistatique et des essais Charpy sont réalisés entre -196 et 20 °C. Cette base expérimentale est utilisée pour caler les équations constitutives du modèle du matériau qui sont utilisées dans un code par éléments finis pour prédire la rupture de la soudure. Les résultats obtenus par l'approche locale sont comparés à ceux obtenus par les règles de dimensionnement usuellement utilisées par les exploitants (Failure Assessment Diagrams).

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Thesis (M Arch)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2008. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: John Brittingham. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-92).