La Recherche-Action en Partenariat (R.A.P.) est une démarche de recherche conçue par des chercheurs du Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (C.I.R.A.D.). D’après les concepteurs de la R.A.P., les inventions proposées par les chercheurs agronomes ne sont pas suffisamment prises en compte par les potentiels utilisateurs et ne se transforment pas forcément en innovation. Inspirée des sciences sociales et présentée comme une démarche capable d’élaborer des conditions favorables à la co-construction des innovations, la R.A.P. doit améliorer le passage entre l’invention des chercheurs et l’adoption de ces inventions par les utilisateurs. Cette thèse se focalise sur les conditions d’émergence de la R.A.P. au C.I.R.A.D. puis sur son application à deux terrains vivants : le Cameroun et le Burkina Faso. La question principale posée dans ce travail est de savoir si effectivement et concrètement,la R.A.P. s’inspire des sciences sociales pour favoriser la co-construction des innovations et atteindre l’un de ses objectifs : résoudre les problèmes des acteurs. Cette thèse est une réflexion sur la place et les actions possibles des sciences sociales en collaboration avec d’autres disciplines pour se mettre au service d’une telle démarche et de tels projets de développement. L’observation de la R.A.P. comme un objet de recherche socio-anthropologique donne à voir une multitude de questionnements essentiels tant pour le milieu de la recherche que pour les situations locales rencontrées. / Action Research in Partnership is an approach to research that was defined by researchers from the Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (C.I.R.A.D.), a French research center ‘working with developing countries to tackle international agricultural and development issues’. According to R.A.P. developers, the inventions submitted by agronomic researchers are not sufficiently taken into account by potential users and do not necessarily leadto innovation. Inspired by social sciences, and introduced as an approach capable of creating favourable conditions to enable a reciprocal commitment in innovation, R.A.P. must improve the transition between inventions by researchers and the adoption of these inventions by users. This thesis focuses on the conditions of the implementation of R.A.P. in C.I.R.A.D. and then on two countries: Cameroon and Burkina Faso. My main argument will essentially concentrate on determining, with a number of concrete examples, whether R.A.P. is indeed inspired by social sciences to encourage reciprocal commitment in innovation and attain one of its principal objectives, i.e. to resolve the problems faced by participants. This thesis examine the role and possible influences of social sciences in this type of approach and development projects. Theobservation of R.A.P. as an object of socio-anthropological research leads to a fundamental questioning, both in terms of research and in local geographical situations.

La Recherche-Action en Partenariat (R.A.P.) est une démarche de recherche conçue par des chercheurs du Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (C.I.R.A.D.). D'après les concepteurs de la R.A.P., les inventions proposées par les chercheurs agronomes ne sont pas suffisamment prises en compte par les potentiels utilisateurs et ne se transforment pas forcément en innovation. Inspirée des sciences sociales et présentée comme une démarche capable d'élaborer des conditions favorables à la co-construction des innovations, la R.A.P. doit améliorer le passage entre l'invention des chercheurs et l'adoption de ces inventions par les utilisateurs. Cette thèse se focalise sur les conditions d'émergence de la R.A.P. au C.I.R.A.D. puis sur son application à deux terrains vivants : le Cameroun et le Burkina Faso. La question principale posée dans ce travail est de savoir si effectivement et concrètement,la R.A.P. s'inspire des sciences sociales pour favoriser la co-construction des innovations et atteindre l'un de ses objectifs : résoudre les problèmes des acteurs. Cette thèse est une réflexion sur la place et les actions possibles des sciences sociales en collaboration avec d'autres disciplines pour se mettre au service d'une telle démarche et de tels projets de développement. L'observation de la R.A.P. comme un objet de recherche socio-anthropologique donne à voir une multitude de questionnements essentiels tant pour le milieu de la recherche que pour les situations locales rencontrées.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:05:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoLC_TESE.pdf: 1919163 bytes, checksum: 5e4620dae5ce7f70fdc851fd5abad7dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Perciformes are dominant in the marine environment, characterized as the largest and most diverse fish group. Some families, as Gerreidae, popularly known as silver jennies, carapebas, or mojarras have a high economic potential to marine fish farming, natural explotation and game fishing. Genetic information of these species are of fundamental importance for their management and production. Despite exist over 13,000 marine fish species described, only 2% were cytogenetically analyzed and less than 1% have some reproductive characteristics known. Induced breeding, cytogenetic characterization and cryopreservation of gametes, represent important areas in applied fish studies. In this project cytogenetic analyzes were performed to acess genetic aspects of Gerreidae species, distributed in coastal and estuarine regions of Northeast Brazil. Different methods for identifying chromosomal regions were employed using conventional techniques (Ag-NORs, C-banding), staining with base-specific fluorochromes (DAPI-CMA3), and physical mapping of ribosomal genes 18S and 5S rDNA, through hybridization in situ with fluorescent probes (FISH). The six species analyzed showed remarkable chromosome conservatism. The 18S and 5S ribosomal genes when analyzed in phylogenetic perspective demonstrate varied evolutionary dynamics, suggesting ocurrence of stasis process in some groups and greater dynamism in others. Double FISH with 18S and 5S probes showed both how efficient cytotaxonomic markers in the homogeneous karyotypes of this group of species. The karyotypic pattern identified in addition to the evolutionary aspects of karyotype, are suggestive of existence of low potential of post-zygotic barrier, prompting further research to prospect for artificial interspecific hybridization of these species of commercial importance / Os Perciformes s?o dominantes no ambiente marinho, contituindo a maior e mais diversificada ordem de peixes dentre os tele?steos. Muitas de suas fam?lias, como os Gerreidae, conhecidos popularmente como carapicus, carapebas, ou mojarras, t?m um alto potencial econ?mico, no que se diz respeito ? piscicultura marinha, extrativismo e pesca esportiva. Informa??es gen?ticas destas esp?cies s?o de fundamental import?ncia para seu manejo e produ??o. Mesmo assim, das 13.000 esp?cies de peixes marinhos descritos, apenas 2% foram estudadas sob o ponto de vista citogen?tico e menos de 1% sobre suas caracter?sticas reprodutivas. A reprodu??o induzida, a citogen?tica e a criopreserva??o de gametas, representam importantes ?reas aplicadas de estudo em peixes. No presente trabalho an?lises citogen?ticas foram empregadas na caracteriza??o gen?tica de esp?cies da fam?lia Gerreidae, ocorrentes no litoral do Nordeste do Brasil. Diferentes m?todos de identifica??o de regi?es cromoss?micas foram empregados por meio de t?cnicas convencionais (Ag-RONs, bandamento C), colora??o com fluorocromos base-espec?ficos (DAPI-CMA3), e mapeamento cromoss?mico de genes ribossomais marcadores DNAr 18S e 5S, atrav?s da hibrida??o in situ com sondas fluorescentes (FISH). As seis esp?cies analisadas revelaram marcante conservadorismo cromoss?mico. Os genes ribossomais 18S e 5S quando analisados em perspectiva filogen?tica, demonstram din?mica evolutiva variada, podendo apresentar estase em alguns grupos e maior dinamismo em outros. As an?lises por duplo-FISH dos s?tios 18S e 5S se revelaram eficientes marcadores citotaxon?micos nos cari?tipos homog?neos deste grupo de esp?cies. Os padr?es cariot?picos identificado, al?m dos aspectos evolutivos do cari?tipo identificados, s?o sugestivos de baixo potencial de barreiras p?s-zig?ticas, instigando pesquisas futuras de prospec??o de hibrida??o interespec?fica destas esp?cies de valor comercial

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-14T13:39:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JAENE FRANCISCO DE SOUZA OLIVEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2010..PDF: 7189495 bytes, checksum: ea2d29073b35fe44ee6f5b7407f4116a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T13:39:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JAENE FRANCISCO DE SOUZA OLIVEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2010..PDF: 7189495 bytes, checksum: ea2d29073b35fe44ee6f5b7407f4116a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08 / O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o crescimento de peixes durante a fase juvenil sob a interferência de diferentes luminosidades, utilizando quatro úpos de sombreamentos. O experimento foi realizado no setor de piscicultura, pertencente ao Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, desenvolvida no período janeiro de 2009 a maio de 2010. O trabalho foi conduzido em 16 tanques-rede com malhagem de 2mm, com volume útil de lm3 , a uma profundidade média de 1 m, colocados em viveiro escavado. Os tanques-rede foram povoados com juvenis de tilápia do Nilo com peso médio inicial de 17,59±5,53g e comprimento médio total de 9,63±0,95, numa densidade de 60 peixes/m2, perfazendo um total de 960 peixes, distribuídos em 16 tanques. Durante o cultivo foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis de qualidade de água: transparência, oxigénio dissolvido, pH e temperatura. Foi estudado o desempenho zootécnico: ganho de peso (GP), ganho de peso relativo, ganho em comprimento (GC). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), num esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo (Split Plot in Time), onde foram testados quatro tratamentos (100%,80%,70% e 50%), com quatro repetições cada, totalizando dezesseis parcelas. Os resultados demonstraram que os parâmetros físico-químicos da água analisados estavam dentro dos níveis aceitáveis. Foi observado que os melhores índices de desempenho de ganho de peso relativo foram obtidos no tratamento 80% e o tratamento 100% obteve o pior desempenho e o pior ganho de peso relativo (%) foi no o tratamento de 100% de entrada de luz (290,20%), já o tratamento de 80% foi mais satisfatório, pois obteve o melhor ganho de peso relativo (442,29%). / The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Nile tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus, During the juvenile phase in the interference of light using four types of shaders. The expenment was conducted by the sector of Fish Culture, belonging to the Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, was developed in the period January 2009 to May 2010. The work was conducted in 16 cages with mesh size of 2mm with a volume of lm3 , the depth average of 1 m, placed in earth pond. The cages were stocked with juvenile Nile tilápia with average imúal weight of 17.59 ± 5.53 g and average total length of 9.63 ± 0.95. Arriving at the site and after acclimation, fish were counted, weighed in batches and stored in tanks at a density of 60 peixes/m2, for a total of 960 fish distributed in 16 tanks. During cultivation, the following variables were analyzed water quality: transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature. We studied the growth performance: weight gain (WG), relative weight gain, gain in length (CG). The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a split plot design in time (Split Plot in Time), where four treatments (100%, 80%, 70% and 50%) with four replicates each, totaling sixteen plots. The results showed that the physicalchemical parameters of water samples were within acceptable leveis. We observed the best performance index of relative weight gain was observed in treatment 80% and already the treatment of 100% had the worst performance. Water temperature values were similar for ali treatments. The worst relative weight gain (%) was in the treatment of 100% of incoming light (290.20%), although the treatment of 80% was more satisfactory because it had the best relative weight gain (442.29%).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of plants as antioxidants is becoming a very important alternative in the food industry and animal production. The Lippia alba is a native plant to Brazil that posses phenolic compounds and essential oils in composition. In this study, the aim was evaluating the inclusion of the leaf from L. alba in the diet from silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) regarding growth, hematology, metabolism and oxidative parameters. For this, we conducted an experiment lasting 60 days in a re-use water system (20 tanks/250L) with biological filtration. Daily analyzes were performed for the control of chemical and physical parameters of the rearing water. Was used 500 silver catfish (initial weight= 6.22±0.77 g) which were distributed in the experimental units in a completely randomized experimental design (5 treatments and 4 repetitions). L. alba used was grown in UFSM, campus Frederico Westphalen - RS, Brazil. The treatments were: control (no addition leaf); 0.5; 1; 1.5 and 2% inclusion from L. alba leaf powder. All diets had the same composition matrix, containing: 37.49% PB and 10.04% lipídios. The fish were fed to apparent satiety, in three daily meals. At the end of the experiment, they were measured performance parameters and carried out the collection of biological material for evaluation of haematological, metabolic and oxidative parameters. Decrease was observed in growth and smaller in hematological parameters of fish proportional to the inclusion of the leaf in the diets. In higher levels of inclusion of L. alba, occurs undesirable change in metabolis, as increased from alanine aminotransferase in the plasma, indicating liver damage. The presence of L. alba in the diets result in a decreased lipid peroxidation of the muscle and increased of non protein thiols in the gills and muscle. This indicates that the plant has antioxidant potential to silver catfish. Therefore, at the levels tested, the addition of L. alba leaf powder in diets for silver catfish juveniles is not recommended. / O uso de plantas como antioxidantes está se tornando uma alternativa importante na indústria de alimentos e de produção animal. A Lippia alba é uma planta nativa do Brasil que possuí compostos fenólicos e óleos essenciais com elevada atividade antioxidante em sua composição. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar a inclusão da folha de L. alba na dieta de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen) no crescimento, hematologia, metabolismo e parâmetros oxidativos. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento com duração de 60 dias em um sistema de recirculação de água (20 tanques/250L) com filtragem biológica. Diariamente foram realizadas análises para controle dos parâmetros químicos e físicos da água de criação. Utilizou-se 500 jundiás (peso inicial= 6,22±0,77 g) que foram distribuídos nas unidades experimentais em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado (5 tratamentos e 4 repetições). A L. alba utilizada foi cultivada na UFSM, campus Frederico Westphalen - RS, Brasil. Os tratamentos testados foram: controle (sem inclusão de folha); 0,5; 1; 1,5 e 2% de inclusão do pó da folha de L. alba. Todas as dietas testadas tinham a mesma matriz de composição, contendo 37,49% PB e 10,04% de lipídios. Os peixes foram alimentados até a saciedade aparente, em três refeições diárias. Ao final do experimento, foram aferidos parâmetros zootécnicos e realizada a coleta de material biológico para avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos, metabolicos e oxidativos. Foi observada diminuição no crescimento e piora nos parâmetros hematológicos dos peixes proporcional à inclusão da folha nas dietas. Nos maiores níveis de inclusão da L. alba, ocorreram alterações metabólicas não desejáveis, como aumento de alanina aminotransferase no plasma, indicando dano hepático. A presença de L. alba nas dietas resultou em diminuição da peroxidação lipídica do músculo e aumento dos tióis não proteicos nas brânquias e no músculo. Isto indica que a planta apresenta potencial antioxidante em jundiás. Portanto, nos níveis testados, a adição do pó da folha de L. alba nas dietas para juvenis de jundiá não é recomendada.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We assume pisciculture is not traditional activity for family agriculture, therefore, that research emerge from the question: how occur innovation processes in pisciculture? The major goal of that dissertation is to characterize characterize the dynamics of the innovation system in pisciculture in the county of Santa Maria, RS Brazil. After the bibliographic research in agriculture innovation, we take the option for the systemic perspective reading, particularly, with soft systems and systems of innovation approach to understand the reality object of that research. That qualitative research comprises semi-structured interviews, site visits and documental analysis. The investigation of the pisciculture history in the Santa Maria identify the major actors which interact in the making of the system of innovation in the field, emphasizing that is a dynamic system in permanent process of structuration with many actors and interests. The empirical research with the farmers has the goal to identify the modification in the fish farming system with the characterization of the technological trajectory of each one of the farmers and the process of learning related with innovative practices. The results show an affluence of innovation in the Santa Maria pisciculture with a major influence of coordination actors of the systems that make an effort to the professionalization of the farmers technics. In the analysis of the technological trajectories and the motivation for technological changes highlights the importance of the living fish marketplace as an event of major importance in the structuration of Santa Maria pisciculture system of innovation. / Tomando como pressuposto que a piscicultura não é uma atividade tradicional para a agricultura familiar, essa pesquisa surgiu a partir de um questionamento: como ocorrem os processos de mudança tecnológica na piscicultura? O objetivo geral dessa dissertação é caracterizar a dinâmica do sistema de inovação na piscicultura no município de Santa Maria, RS Brasil. Após revisar leituras sobre os processos de inovação na agricultura, optou-se por utilizar como a perspectiva sistêmica, com o recorte dos soft systems e dos sistemas de inovação para o entendimento da realidade em estudo. Essa pesquisa de caráter qualitativo foi viabilizada através da realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, visitas de campo, observação e análises de documentos. A recuperação do histórico da piscicultura no município identificou os atores que interagiram na construção do sistema de inovação em estudo, enfatizando que se trata de um sistema dinâmico, com múltiplos atores e interesses, e que está em permanente estruturação. A pesquisa empírica com os produtores foi direcionada à identificação das modificações realizadas no sistema de cultivo de peixes identificando a trajetória tecnológica de cada um dos produtores e os processos de aprendizagem relacionados as mudanças tecnológicas identificadas. Os resultados demonstram uma diversidade de mudanças tecnológicas na piscicultura em Santa Maria, que se mostram influenciadas, em sua maioria, pelas iniciativas dos atores coordenadores do sistema no sentido de profissionalizar a piscicultura. Ao analisar as trajetórias tecnológicas e as motivações que originaram as mudanças no formato tecnológico, ressalta-se a importância da feira do peixe vivo, colocando-a como evento importante na estruturação do sistema de inovação na piscicultura em Santa Maria.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The fish products is the most commonly used animal protein in the world. Brazil stands out for pisciculture with emphasis on the production of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish farming is subject to attack by pests and pesticide application has been used as a form of control. This work aims at the development of an effective methodology based on the matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and gas chromatography/spectrometry tandem mass (GCMS/ MS) techniques for determination of residues of aldrin, ametrina, bromopropylate, bromuconazole, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpropham, coumaphos, esfenvalerate, etion, permethrin, pirimicarb, pirimiphos methyl, procymidone, vinclozolin pesticides in muscle tissue of tilapia. Therefore, optimization of chromatographic and evaluation of best extraction conditions proposed were performed. The best quantitative response conditions were obtained with 0.25 g of sample homogenized with 0.75 g of adsorbent, using 0.5 g of auxiliary adsorbent, eluted with 5 mL of acetonitrile. The biochar produced from coconut wastes was tested as an adsorbent for DMFS extraction too and presented satisfactory recovery results between 70 ± 1.38% and 120 ± 5.55% at concentration levels 0.02 to 0.1 μg g-1. The parameters evaluated for the validation of the method were: linearity and sensitivity, obtaining a good sensitivity and linear response with coefficients of 0.9999 in the range of 0.01 to 4 μg g-1; selectivity, through matrix effect studies; accuracy and precision with recovery values between 70 - 120% and coefficients ranging from 0 to 16.69% for the concentration levels 0.02 to 0.1 μg g-1 (n = 5) and detection limits and quantification in the range of 0.01 to 0.0009 μg g-1 respectively. The method developed was adequate for the determination of residues of pesticides in samples of tilapia. / O pescado representa a proteína animal mais consumida no mundo. O Brasil se destaca pela prática da piscicultura com notoriedade para a produção de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). O cultivo de peixes está sujeito ao ataque de pragas e a aplicação de agrotóxicos tem sido usado como forma de controle. O presente trabalho objetiva o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia eficiente com base nas técnicas de dispersão da matriz em fase sólida (DMFS) e cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massas sequencial (GC-MS/MS) para determinação de resíduos dos agrotóxicos aldrin, ametrina, bromopropilato, bromuconazol, cipermetrina, clorpirifós, clorprofam, coumafós, esfenvalerato, etiona, permetrina, pirimicarbe, pirimifós metílico, procimidona e vinclozolina em tecido muscular de tilápia. Para tanto, a otimização das condições cromatográficas e a avaliação da melhor proposta de extração foram realizados. As condições de melhor resposta quantitativa foram obtidos com 0,25 g de amostra homogeneizada com 0,75 g de C18, utilizando 0,5 g de alumina, eluído com 5 mL de acetonitrila. O biocarvão produzido a partir de rejeitos de coco foi também testado como adsorvente para a extração por DMFS e apresentou resultados satisfatórios de recuperação entre 70 ± 1,38% – 120 ± 5,55% para os níveis de concentração 0,02 a 0,1 μg g-1. Os parâmetros avaliados para a validação do método foram: linearidade e sensibilidade, obtendo-se uma boa sensibilidade e resposta linear com coeficientes de 0,9999 no intervalo de 0,01 a 4 μg g-1; seletividade, através de estudos de efeito matriz; exatidão e precisão com valores de recuperação entre 70 - 120% e coeficientes de variação na faixa de 0 a 16,69%, para os níveis de concentração 0,02 a 0,1 μg g-1 (n=5) e limites de detecção e quantificação no intervalo de 0,0009 – 0,02 μg g-1, respectivamente. O método desenvolvido se mostrou adequado para determinação de resíduos de agrotóxicos em amostras de tilápia.

El Lago Titicaca se reconoce como un centro de recursos naturales para el desarrollo y supervivencia de comunidades circunlacustres. Es por esto que la pesca artesanal y la acuicultura han sido las actividades con más trayectoria en la región. La preservación de este recurso natural es de vital importancia para la trascendencia de las comunidades que la habitan y las futuras. El proyecto se emplaza a las orillas, generando una conexión visual y física. Por esta ubicación privilegiada, era importante plantear los volúmenes individuales con plazas como espacios de intersección, debido a que se plantea como un punto de encuentro entre la comunidad científica e universitaria, el estado y el sector privado. Propone una infraestructura de investigación y experimentación para complementar los conocimientos adquiridos por tradición por los acuicultores con nuevas tecnologías y practicas responsables. Se busca implementar espacios abiertos como plazas y laboratorios especializados en los cuales se pueda investigar, enseñar y desarrollar aplicaciones innovadoras para incrementar la producción acuícola de la región y preservar el Lago Titicaca. Por otro lado, aprovechar las condiciones climáticas del lugar para optimizar el uso del agua y la energía eléctrica, desde la recolección de aguas de luvias y energía a través de paneles solares, hasta el tratamiento de estas aguas en PTAR y realizando compost con los residuos orgánicos de los experimentos. / Lake Titicaca is considered a center of natural resources for the development and survival of the lakeside communities. Due to this, artisanal fishing and aquaculture have become the most important activities in the region. Therefore, preserving this natural resource is crucial for the future of the current communities and generations to come. Located at the shore of the lake, the research park, dedicated to research and innovation applied to aquaculture, creates a visual and physical connection with the environment. Considering this privileged location, it was important to establish individual levels with plazas as intersection areas. These plazas seek to act as meeting points for the scientific and university communities, the government, and the private sector. The park proposes an infrastructure for researching and testing in order to complement the knowledge acquired from the traditions of aquafarmers using new technologies and responsible practices. The aim is the implementation of open areas such as plazas and specialized laboratories where people can research, teach and develop innovative applications to increase the aquaculture production in the region and to preserve the Lake Titicaca. Finally, the project also seeks to take advantage of the weather conditions of the area to optimize the use of water and electrical energy in order to foster activities that range from rainwater collection, solar energy absorption through solar panels, to water treatment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and composting organic waste of the production areas. / Tesis

Le tilapia du Nil est l’une des espèces des poissons d’eaux douces qui convient le mieux pour la pisciculture à faibles intrants en climat tropical pour lutter contre l’insécurité alimentaire. Le recours à l’intégration aquaculture-agriculture (IAA) est une approche privilégiée pour le développement de l’aquaculture paysanne de façon durable. Cette étude a été conduite afin d’évaluer les effets de l’aliment et de la fertilisation animale (lisier de porc et fiente de canard) sur la qualité physico-chimique et microbiologique de l’eau, la productivité primaire des étangs, la salubrité et la croissance du poisson, la digestibilité enymatique des ingrédients, le comportement alimentaire et le coût de production du tilapia du Nil. Les résultats ont démontré que la fertilisation a influencé les propriétés physico-chimiques de l’eau des étangs sans en affecter toutefois la qualité. Les meilleures performances de croissance ont été enregistrées chez les poissons nourris à l’aliment formulé et élevés dans les étangs fertilisés. La fertilisation a influencé la productivité primaire, avec les diatomées largement représentées par une abondance relative de Flagilaria spp, la proie dominante chez le tilapia. Le prétraitement des excréments animaux par séchage solaire a réduit les infections bactériennes dans les échantillons analysés, dont le muscle a été colonisé par des infections bactériennes très mineures (4,9 %), comparé aux intestins (10,8 %)et à l’eau (13,0%). Bien que plus élevées dans les quatre premiers segments intestinaux, les activités protéolytiques ont été généralement faibles chez le tilapia. La présence d’inhibiteurs des protéases a été mise en évidence dans les ingrédients végétaux, dont le tourteau de soja a été plus inhibitif. Enfin, le coût de production/kg de poisson a été réduit avec l’aliment formulé (1,5USD/kg) comparé à la provende commerciale (2,3USD/kg), et ce coûta été davantage réduit pour les poissons élevés dans des étangs fertilisés (0,4 USD/kg) / Nile tilapia is one of the fresh water fish species that is best suited for low-input fish farming in tropical climate to alleviate food insecurity. The use of integrated aquaculture-agriculture (IAA) is a preferred approach for the sustainable development of rural aquaculture. This study was carried to assess the effects of feed and animal fertilizers (pig manure and duck droppings) on the physico-chemical and microbiological water quality, primary productivity of ponds, safety and fish growth, enzymatic digestibility of plant ingredients, feeding behaviour and production cost of Nile tilapia. The results showed that fertilization has influenced the physico-chemical properties of pond water without affecting negatively its quality. The best growth performance was recorded in fish fed with a formulated feed and those reared in fertilized ponds. Fertilization has improved primary productivity, with diatoms largely represented by a relative abundance of Flagilaria spp, the dominant prey in the stomach content of tilapia. Pretreatment of animal faeces by sun-drying prior to use, reduced bacterial infections in the analyzed samples, whose muscle tissues were colonized only by very minor bacterial infections (4.9%), compared to intestines (10.8%) and water (13.0%). Although higher in the first four intestinal segments, proteolytic activity was generally low in tilapia. The presence of protease inhibitors has been demonstrated in plant ingredients, of which soybean meal has been more inhibitive. Finally, the production cost/kg offish was reduced with formulated feed (1.5 USD/kg) compared to commercial feed (2.3 USD/USD), and this cost was further reduced for fish reared in fertilized ponds (0.4 USD/kg)

Orientador: Nadia Farage / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:49:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martini_AndreLuiz_M.pdf: 3066034 bytes, checksum: 90d7a5fa502fa05e8e0ee2847f39a24c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A presente dissertação constitui uma reflexão preliminar a respeito da introdução do criatório de peixes entre grupos indígenas Tukano e Arawak no povoado de Iauaretê, Rio Uaupés, Estado do Amazonas. Entre as populações indígenas, a ausência de práticas relativas ao controle reprodutivo de espécies endógenas é largamente documentada; no entanto, o criatório de peixes, que se utiliza de técnicas industriais de produção de animais para consumo, através de sua reprodução artificial, foi levado à região pelo Instituto Socioambiental (ISA) com o objetivo de garantir a ¿segurança alimentar¿ das populações indígenas, que demandavam alternativas econômicas aos seus aliados. A iniciativa da organização não-governamental propõe dois modelos de relação com os animais em estreito convívio no interior de um laboratório. O encontro de duas lógicas simbólicas distintas, principalmente com relação à classificação dos animais, gera um conjunto de acordos e conflitos que configuram uma disputa pelo sentido das coisas; envolvidos neste cenário, os peixes transitam continuamente entre os pólos de sujeito e objeto / Abstract: This work constitutes a prime reflection about the introduction of fish farming among Indian groups Tukano and Arawak at the Iauarate village, Uaupes River, State of Amazon. Among the Indian people, the lack of activities related to the reproductive control of endogenous species is wide documented, however, the fish farming, which uses industrial techniques of animal production for consume, through its artificial reproduction, was taken to the region by the Social Environmental Institute (ISA) to assure the ¿food security¿ of Indian people, who demanded economic alternatives to their allies. The initiative of the non-governmental organization proposes two models of relationship with the animals into an intense cohabitation inside a lab. The conjunction of two distinct symbolic logics, mainly when it comes to animal classification, generates a set of agreements and conflicts that configures a dispute for the meaning of the things; evolved in this scenario, the fishes continually transit between the poles of subject and object / Mestrado / Mestre em Antropologia Social