Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_liana_viviam_ferreira.pdf: 1066029 bytes, checksum: b8436d77d50bb76efeddb4cb96df3326 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / The cultivation of edible pod peas in greenhouse and hydroponic system can be a viable alternative for obtaining high pods yield in winter and early spring crop-seasons. In addition, this crop system optimizes productive resources and causes reduced environmental impact. Currently, little information is available about edible pods pea crop, especially in greenhouse and hydroponic cultivation conditions. The adoption of this system presupposes to adequate plant density, as well as to produce knowledge and information regarding growth (dry matter production and partitioning) and yield of different genotypes. In this sense, two experiments were conducted with edible pods pea crop grown in hydroponic and greenhouse in winter/spring crop-season at the Campus of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas , in Capão do Leão, RS. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of plant density on dry matter production and partitioning and yield components of edible pods pea crop 'Luana Gigante®'. Five planti densities (3.9, 4.7; 5.9, 7.8 and 11.8 plants m-2) were evaluated from May to November 2011. The second experiment aimed to characterize the growth and production dynamics of two edible pea pods genotypes ('Luana Gigante®' and 'MK10®') in a bifactorial model from May to November 2012. Genotypes composed the plots and evaluation dates composed subplots (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 95, 115 and 135 days after setting/DAS). In both experiments, biomass was quantified by dry weight of different above-ground plant organs and yield by pods fresh weight. The results obtained in the first experiment indicated that increasing of plant density in the range from 3.9 to 11.8 plants m-2 reduced linearly the growth of all organs and the individual plants pods yield. However, it increased linearly the absolute crop dry matter production and the pods yield per square meter. It did not affect the dry matter partitioning among different plant organs. The vegetative shoot plant organs were the major sinks for photoassimilates, comprising 61.5% of total plant dry matter, while the pods represented 31.7%. Among the yield components, only the number of harvested pods per plant was reduced and there were not negative effects on average pods fresh weight and the percentage of marketable pods. Therefore, we can recommend the plant density of 11.8 plants m-2 for pea crop 'Luana Gigante'. In the second experiment, it was observed that 'Luana Gigante' and 'MK10' presented a sigmoidal type plant growth curve as a function of time. MK10 presented higher vegetative shoot plant parts and crop growth than 'Luana Gigante'. 'MK10' also presented higher pods growth at 95 DAS, but both genotypes presented similar pods growth and yield at the end of the crop cycle. Pods comprised 36% and 43% of the total above-ground dry matter production, respectively, for 'MK10' and 'Luana Gigante' at the end of the crop cycle. Thus 'Luana Gigante' presents greater ability to assimilate distribution to pods growth than 'MK10'. The vegetative shoot organs are the strongest sinks for assimilates of the plant and stems are more beneficed in relation to the partition of dry matter than leaves. / A produção de ervilha torta em ambiente protegido e sistema hidropônico pode ser uma alternativa viável para a obtenção de alto rendimento de vagens no período de inverno e início de primavera, além de proporcionar melhor otimização dos recursos produtivos e reduzido impacto ambiental. Atualmente, existem poucas informações disponíveis sobre esta cultura, principalmente em condições de ambiente protegido e cultivo hidropônico. A adoção deste sistema pressupõe a adequação da densidade de plantio, assim como, produzir conhecimentos e informações referentes ao crescimento (produção e partição de massa seca) e comportamento produtivo de genótipos. Neste sentido, dois experimentos foram realizados com a cultura da ervilha torta em sistema hidropônico e ambiente protegido em ciclo de inverno/primavera no Campus da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no município de Capão do Leão, RS. O primeiro experimento, realizado de maio a novembro de 2011, objetivou avaliar o efeito da densidade de plantio sobre a produção e a partição da massa seca e os componentes do rendimento de ervilha torta Luana Gigante® , em experimento unifatorial com cinco densidades de plantio (3,9; 4,7; 5,9; 7,8 e 11,8 plantas m-2). O segundo experimento objetivou caracterizar a dinâmica do crescimento e da produção de dois genótipos de ervilha torta ( Luana Gigante e MK10 ) em esquema bifatorial no período de maio a novembro de 2012. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos genótipos e as subparcelas pelas épocas de avaliação das plantas (aos 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 95, 115 e 135 dias após o transplante). Para ambos os experimentos, a biomassa foi quantificada através da massa seca dos diferentes órgãos aéreos da planta e o rendimento através da massa fresca de vagens. Em relação aos resultados obtidos no primeiro experimento, observou-se que o aumento da densidade de plantio no intervalo entre 3,9 a 11,8 plantas m-2 reduz o crescimento de todos os órgãos e a produtividade individual das plantas de forma linear. Porém, aumenta de forma linear a produção absoluta da massa seca da cultura bem como a produtividade por unidade de área e não afeta a partição proporcional de massa seca entre os diferentes órgãos da planta. Os órgãos vegetativos aéreos são os principais drenos de fotoassimilados, representando 61,5% da massa seca total das plantas, enquanto as vagens representam 31,7%. Entre os componentes do rendimento, somente o número de vagens colhidas por planta é reduzido, não havendo efeitos negativos sobre a massa fresca média das vagens e a porcentagem de vagens comerciais colhidas. Portanto, recomenda-se a densidade de 11,8 plantas m-2 para a ervilha torta Luana Gigante . No segundo experimento, observou-se que Luana Gigante e MK10 expressam crescimento da planta do tipo sigmoidal em relação ao acúmulo de MS ao longo do ciclo de cultivo. MK10 apresenta maior crescimento dos órgãos vegetativos aéreos e da cultura do que Luana Gigante . MK10 também apresenta maior crescimento de vagens aos 95 DAT, porém os genótipos se assemelham em relação ao crescimento e à produção de vagens ao final do ciclo de cultivo. As vagens representam 36% e 43% da massa seca aérea da planta, respectivamente de MK10 e Luana Gigante , ao final do ciclo de cultivo. Assim, Luana Gigante apresenta maior capacidade de destinar assimilados para o crescimento de vagens do que MK10 . O conjunto dos órgãos vegetativos aéreos são os principais drenos de assimilados da planta, sendo os caules priorizados na partição de MS em relação às folhas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Andre_Samuel_ Strassburger.pdf: 610074 bytes, checksum: d49d0c008ca98a59bce76b821a581e6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-05 / The strawberry cultivar choice is an important factor for the success of the crop. The time crop, yield and quality of the fruits and resistance of diseases are important aspects to consider. In strawberry growing in organic crop system should consider too, that the modern cultivars currently available for the farmers were developed in breeding programs characterized by the use of conventional crop system. Therefore, the cultivars developed from these programs can obtain smaller growth, yield and fruit production in organic crop system. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the growth, dry mass partitioning and yield of strawberry cultivars in organic crop system. Thus, two trials were conducted. The objective of Trial 1 was to evaluate the border effect on growth of Albion, Aromas, Camarosa and Camino Real strawberry cultivars as well as the dynamics of these cultivars along the crop-season. The objective of Trial 2 was to evaluate the plant density effect (determined by row number per bed 2; 3 and 4, providing densities of 3.51; 5.26 and 7.02 plants m-2, respectively) on the growth of Aromas and Diamante strawberry cultivars. The trials were conducted in Embrapa Clima Temperado/Estação Experimental Cascata, Pelotas, RS. The plant setting was performed in 05/12/2008 (Trial 1) and 07/04/2008 (Trial 2). The randomized blocks experimental design was used with four replications. From the data of aboveground biomass production and leaf area, the dry mass production and partitioning among the different aboveground organs, as well as yield and others interesting index and rates of growth were determinate. The obtained results from Trial 1 indicated that there are no border effects for the Albion, Aromas, 10 Camarosa and Camino Real strawberry cultivars. In general form Camarosa presented the highest growth (dry mass production) of the shoot organs and fruits in relation to the others cultivars and together with Aromas , the highest fruit yield. However, Camarosa obtained highest early reproductive growth and consequently highest early yield. Accumulated dry mass production of the shoot, fruits and total aboveground plant, yield and leaf area index in Albion, Aromas, Camarosa and Camino Real cultivars increase continuously along the crop-season. The fruit dry mass represented from 2.2 to 13.4% at fruiting beginning until 49.5 to 60.6% at the end of crop-season of the total aboveground dry mass, which indicate that they are the strongest sinks for assimilates. The vegetative growth rate increase until the end of the crop, while that the fruits growth rate decrease after 184 days after setting. The relative growth rate decrease along the crop in all cultivars. The obtained results from the Trial 2 indicated that the grown of strawberry at 5.26 plants m-2 (triple row) provide a more appropriate plants biomass production and partitioning and yield of 30.4 Mg ha-1, which was higher than the yield of 3.51 plants m-2 (double row) and similar to 7.02 plants m-2 (quadruple row) yield. The Aromas and Diamante cultivars showed similar growth pattern and yield. / Um fator determinante para o sucesso de uma lavoura de morangueiro é a escolha da cultivar a ser utilizada. A duração do ciclo, a produtividade, a qualidade da fruta e a resistência às principais doenças são aspectos importantes a serem considerados. Em se tratando do cultivo orgânico do morangueiro deve-se considerar, ainda, que as cultivares modernas atualmente disponíveis ao agricultor foram desenvolvidas em programas de melhoramento genético caracterizados pela adoção de sistemas de produção convencional. Assim, as cultivares provenientes desses programas podem apresentar menores patamares de crescimento, produtividade e de qualidade das frutas em sistemas de cultivo orgânico. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o crescimento, a partição de massa seca e a produtividade de cultivares de morangueiro em sistema de cultivo orgânico. Para tanto, dois experimentos foram realizados. O Experimento 1 teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de bordadura sobre o crescimento das cultivares Albion, Aromas, Camarosa e Camino Real e a dinâmica de crescimento dessas cultivares ao longo do ciclo de cultivo. O Experimento 2 teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da densidade de cultivo (determinada pelo número de linhas por canteiro 2; 3 e 4 linhas, proporcionando densidades de 3,51; 5,26 e 7,02 plantas m-2) sobre as cultivares Diamante e Aromas. Os experimentos foram realizados na Embrapa Clima Temperado/Estação Experimental Cascata, Pelotas, RS. O transplante das mudas foi realizado em 12/05/2008 (Experimento 1) e 04/07/2008 (Experimento 2). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos 8 completos casualizados com quatro repetições. A partir dos dados de biomassa aérea e da área foliar, determinou-se a produção e a partição de massa seca dos diferentes órgãos aéreos das plantas, bem como a produtividade e os demais índices e taxas de crescimento de interesse. Os resultados obtidos no Experimento 1 permitem concluir que não existe efeito de bordadura para as cultivares Aromas, Albion, Camarosa e Camino Real. De maneira geral, a Camarosa apresenta maior crescimento (produção de massa seca) dos órgãos vegetativos aéreos e das frutas em relação às demais cultivares e juntamente com a Aromas , as maiores produtividades, sendo que a primeira apresenta maior crescimento reprodutivo precoce e, consequentemente, maior capacidade de produção precoce. A produção acumulada de massa seca da fração vegetativa, das frutas, do total da planta, a produtividade e o índice de área foliar nas cultivares Aromas, Albion, Camarosa e Camino Real elevam-se continuamente ao longo do ciclo de cultivo. A contribuição das frutas para a constituição do total da massa seca aérea das plantas varia de 2,2 a 13,4% no início da frutificação até 49,5 a 60,6% no final do cultivo o que indica que estas são os principais órgãos drenos das plantas. A taxa de crescimento da fração vegetativa cresce até o final do cultivo, enquanto que a taxa de crescimento das frutas decresce a partir de 184 dias após o transplante. A taxa de crescimento relativo é decrescente no decorrer do cultivo em todas as cultivares. Os resultados obtidos no Experimento 2 permitem concluir que o cultivo do morangueiro na densidade de 5,26 plantas m-2 (em linhas triplas) proporciona uma adequada produção e partição de biomassa das plantas para as cultivares Diamante e Aromas e produtividade de frutas de 30,4 Mg ha-1, valor superior à densidade de 3,51 plantas m-2 (linhas duplas) e semelhante ao da densidade de 7,02 plantas m-2 (linhas quádruplas). Ao final do ciclo de cultivo, as cultivares Diamante e Aromas apresentam padrões semelhantes de crescimento e de produtividade.

<p>Hyperspectral reflectance data are utilised in many applications, where measured data are processed and converted into physical, chemical and/or biological properties of the target objects and/or processes being studied. It has been proven that crop reflectance data can be used to detect, characterise and quantify disease severity and plant density.</p><p>In this thesis, various methods were proposed and used for detection, characterisation and quantification of disease severity and plant density utilising data acquired by hand-held spectrometers. Following this direction, hyperspectral images provide both spatial and spectral information opening for more efficient analysis.</p><p>Hence, in this thesis, various surface water quality parameters of inland waters have been monitored using hyperspectral images acquired by airborne systems. After processing the images to obtain ground reflectance data, the analysis was performed using similar methods to those of the previous case. Hence, these methods may also find application in future satellite based hyperspectral imaging systems.</p><p>However, the large size of these images raises the need for efficient data reduction. Self organising and learning neural networks, that can follow and preserve the topology of the data, have been shown to be efficient for data reduction. More advanced variants of these neural networks, referred to as the weighted neural networks (WNN), were proposed in this thesis, such as the weighted incremental neural network (WINN), which can be used for efficient reduction, mapping and clustering of large high-dimensional data sets, such as hyperspectral images.</p><p>Finally, the analysis can be reversed to generate spectra from simpler measurements using multiple colour-filter mosaics, as suggested in the thesis. The acquired instantaneous single image, including the mosaic effects, is demosaicked to generate a multi-band image that can finally be transformed into a hyperspectral image.</p>

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Hyperspectral reflectance data are utilised in many applications, where measured data are processed and converted into physical, chemical and/or biological properties of the target objects and/or processes being studied. It has been proven that crop reflectance data can be used to detect, characterise and quantify disease severity and plant density. In this thesis, various methods were proposed and used for detection, characterisation and quantification of disease severity and plant density utilising data acquired by hand-held spectrometers. Following this direction, hyperspectral images provide both spatial and spectral information opening for more efficient analysis. Hence, in this thesis, various surface water quality parameters of inland waters have been monitored using hyperspectral images acquired by airborne systems. After processing the images to obtain ground reflectance data, the analysis was performed using similar methods to those of the previous case. Hence, these methods may also find application in future satellite based hyperspectral imaging systems. However, the large size of these images raises the need for efficient data reduction. Self organising and learning neural networks, that can follow and preserve the topology of the data, have been shown to be efficient for data reduction. More advanced variants of these neural networks, referred to as the weighted neural networks (WNN), were proposed in this thesis, such as the weighted incremental neural network (WINN), which can be used for efficient reduction, mapping and clustering of large high-dimensional data sets, such as hyperspectral images. Finally, the analysis can be reversed to generate spectra from simpler measurements using multiple colour-filter mosaics, as suggested in the thesis. The acquired instantaneous single image, including the mosaic effects, is demosaicked to generate a multi-band image that can finally be transformed into a hyperspectral image.