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The use of objective tests in Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) is based on the application of computers to support automatic assessment. Current research in this domain is mainly focused on the design of new question-items, being IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) the recognized de-facto standard. This thesis claims that the domain can be extended with the design of advanced test-scenarios that integrate new interactive contexts for the visualization of question-items and tests, and that consider different types of devices and technologies that enable diverse activity settings. In this context, the dissertation proposes to term the domain as Computing-Based Testing (CBT) instead of Computer- Based Testing because it captures better the new technological support possibilities for testing. Advanced CBT scenarios can increase teachers’ choices in the design of more appropriate tests for their subject areas, enabling the assessment of higher-order skills. With the aim of modelling an advanced CBT domain that extends the current possibilities of QTI and related work, this thesis provides a set of contributions around three objectives. The first objective deals with proposing a Conceptual Model for the CBT domain considering three main dimensions: the Question-item, the Test and the Activity. To tackle this objective, the thesis presents, on the one hand, a framework to assist in the categorization and design of advanced CBT scenarios and, on the other hand, two models that suggest elements for technologically representing the Test and Question-item dimensions. The models are platform-independent models (PIM) that extend QTI in order to support advanced CBT. Besides, the use of patterns is proposed to complement the modelling of the domain. The second objective seeks to show the relevance, value and applicability of the CBT Conceptual Model through exemplary challenging scenarios and case studies in authentic settings. To this end, the dissertation evaluates the design and implementation of a set of CBT systems and experiments. All the experiments use the proposed CBT Conceptual Model for designing an advanced CBT scenario. For each case the CBT-PIMs serve as the basis for developing a particular CBT-PSM and system. The evaluation results show that the implementations foster educational benefits, enable the assessment of higher-order skills and enhance the students’ motivation. Finally, the third objective is devoted to propose extension paths for QTI. The collection of models proposed in the thesis suggests different extension directions for QTI so as to enable the implementation of advanced questions, tests and activities. The proposed systems and scenarios also represent reference implementation and good practices of the proposed extension paths. / El uso de test de corrección automática, en el Aprendizaje Apoyado por Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, se basa en el uso de ordenadores. Las propuestas actuales se centran en el diseño de nuevas preguntas, siendo IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) el estándar de-facto. La tesis propone que este dominio puede ser extendido con el diseño de escenarios de test avanzados que integren nuevos contextos de interacción para la visualización de preguntas y tests, y que consideren la aplicación de diversos dispositivos tecnológicos para permitir diversos tipos de actividades. En este contexto se propone usar el término inglés Computing-Based Testing (CBT) para referirse al dominio, en vez de usar el término Computer-Based Testing, enfatizando el papel de la tecnología para la evaluación basada en test. Los escenarios CBT avanzados pueden aumentar la posibilidad de que los profesores puedan diseñar test más adecuados para sus asignaturas, permitiendo la evaluación de habilidades de alto nivel. Con el reto principal de modelar el dominio del CBT extendiendo las posibilidades actuales de QTI y las aproximaciones actuales, esta tesis proporciona un conjunto de contribuciones relacionadas con tres objetivos. El primer objetivo de la tesis es proponer un Modelo Conceptual definiendo y relacionando tres dimensiones: Pregunta, Test y Actividad. Por una parte, se propone un marco como guía en la categorización y diseño de escenarios CBT. Además, se proponen dos modelos que indican los elementos para la representación tecnológica de preguntas y test. Estos modelos son independientes de plataforma (PIM) que extienden QTI formulando los elementos que permiten implementar escenarios CBT avanzados. Además, se propone el uso de patrones como complemento en el modelado del dominio. El segundo objetivo trata de mostrar la relevancia y aplicabilidad de las contribuciones a través de escenarios y casos de estudio representativos en contextos reales. Para ello, se evalúa el diseño e implementación de un conjunto de experimentos y sistemas. En todos los experimentos se utiliza el Modelo Conceptual para diseñar escenarios CBT avanzados. Para cada caso los CBT-PIMs sirven como base para desarrollar modelos específicos de plataforma (CBT-PSMs) y sistemas asociados. La evaluación muestra que las implementaciones resultantes tienen beneficios educativos positivos, permitiendo la evaluación de habilidades de alto nivel y mejorando la motivación de los estudiantes. Finalmente, el tercer objetivo se centra en proponer vías de extensión para QTI. La colección de modelos propuestos sugiere diferentes direcciones de extensión de QTI para la implementación de preguntas, tests y actividades avanzados. Los escenarios y sistemas llevados a cabo representan implementaciones de referencia y buenas prácticas para las vías de extensión propuestas.

Progressive Web Apps (PWA) is a concept of enhanced web apps which aim to erase the difference between web and native apps. The concept of PWA introduces several benefits, including simpler distribution and development, which makes web apps a viable option for many businesses. The installation process of a PWA is different from native apps and this study aims to understand whether or not it has an impact on the users will to install the PWA. PWA:s are installed directly from the browser, rather than an app marketplace. Said installation process is suspected to be unknown to many which might influence the impact. In this study, several papers on the topic are studied. A PWA is developed from scratch which is used as a platform for a user test, hosting a brief introduction of the topic as well as guiding participants through the installation process. In conjunction with the user test a survey is conducted to collect the impressions from their experience in the user test. The result of the survey shows indications that the suspected lack of knowledge and experience was correct, and that the installation process is not to complicated.Additionally, results show that many probably will not bother to install a PWA, even if it is available. Therefore, I argue that the installation process does have an impact in its current form. Alternatives to the installation process used in this study do exist and are discussed in this paper.

The Model Driven Architecture (MDA) allows moving the software development from the time consuming and error-prone level of writing program code to the next higher level of modeling. In order to gain benefit from this innovative technology, it is necessary to satisfy two requirements. These are first, the creation of compact, complete and correct platform independent models (PIM) and second, the development of a flexible and extensible model transformation framework taking into account frequent changes of the target platform. In this thesis a platform-based methodology is developed to create PIM by abstracting common modeling elements into a platform independent modeling library called Design Platform Model (DPM). The DPM contains OCL-based types for modeling primitive and collection types, a platform independent GUI toolkit as well as other common modeling elements, such as those for IO-operations. Furthermore, a DPM profile containing diverse domain specific and design pattern-based stereotypes is also developed to create PIM with high-level semantics. The behavior in PIM is specified using an OCL-like action language called eXecutable OCL (XOCL), which is also developed in this thesis. For model transformation, the model compiler MOCCA is developed based on a flexible and extensible architecture. The model mapper components in the current version of MOCCA are able to map desktop applications onto JSE platform; the both business object layer and persistence layer of a three-layered enterprise applications onto JEE platform and SAP ABAP platform. The entire model transformation process is finished with complete code generation.

Mobilindustrin är under ständig förändring vilket har lett till en fragmenterad marknad somsmåföretag har haft svårt att etablera sig i. Småföretag har haft problem med att utvecklakvalitativa applikationer till olika mobila plattformar. Anledningen är att det varitresurskrävande att utveckla native applikationer till flera plattformar och underhålla flerakodbaser. Till följd av detta har mindre företag oftast valt att utveckla webbapplikationer för attleverera tjänster som når ut till många konsumenter. Hybrida ramverk har på senare år etableratsig som en potentiell lösning för att utveckla mobila applikationer med högre prestanda ochfunktionalitet än webbapplikationer och samtidigt möjliggjort för utvecklare att dela kod mellanolika plattformar. I denna studie intervjuades anställda på tre mindre företag för att identifierakrav som småföretag anser vara viktiga vid val av ramverk för applikationsutveckling. Utifrånkraven jämfördes tre hybrida ramverk för att ta reda på vilket som passar småföretag. Resultatenvisade att småföretag är olika med varierande behov och att det inte finns ett specifikt ramverksom passar alla. Däremot konstaterades det att alla tre hybrida ramverk som jämfördes i studienvar tillräckligt sofistikerade att implementeras som potentiella lösningar. Med det sagt ärhybrida ramverken inte kompromisslösa. Applikationer som utvecklas med hybrida ramverkuppnår ännu inte samma prestanda som native applikationer och är inte plattformsoberoende isamma grad som webbapplikationer. / The mobile industry is constantly changing, which has led to a fragmented market that smallbusinesses have difficulties to successfully establish in. Small businesses have had problemswith developing qualitative applications for different mobile devices. The main reason is theresource intensive process to develop native applications for multiple platforms andmaintaining the different codebases. Thus, smaller companies have usually chosen to developweb applications to deliver services to a more widespread target audience. Hybrid frameworkshave established themselves as a potential solution for developing mobile applications withhigher performance and functionality than web applications, while allowing developers to sharecode between platforms. In this study, employees of three smaller companies were interviewedto identify shared requirements held by small businesses to select a framework for applicationdevelopment. Based on the requirements, three hybrid frameworks were compared with thepurpose to identify which one was most suitable for small businesses. The results showed thatsmall businesses are different with varying needs and that there is no specific framework thatsuits all companies. On the other hand, it was found that all three hybrid frameworks comparedin the study were sufficiently developed to be implemented as potential solutions. With thatsaid, hybrid frameworks are not without flaws. Applications developed with hybrid frameworksdoes not yet achieve the same level of performance as native applications and is not platformindependent to the same extent as web applications.

The Model Driven Architecture (MDA) allows moving the software development from the time consuming and error-prone level of writing program code to the next higher level of modeling. In order to gain benefit from this innovative technology, it is necessary to satisfy two requirements. These are first, the creation of compact, complete and correct platform independent models (PIM) and second, the development of a flexible and extensible model transformation framework taking into account frequent changes of the target platform. In this thesis a platform-based methodology is developed to create PIM by abstracting common modeling elements into a platform independent modeling library called Design Platform Model (DPM). The DPM contains OCL-based types for modeling primitive and collection types, a platform independent GUI toolkit as well as other common modeling elements, such as those for IO-operations. Furthermore, a DPM profile containing diverse domain specific and design pattern-based stereotypes is also developed to create PIM with high-level semantics. The behavior in PIM is specified using an OCL-like action language called eXecutable OCL (XOCL), which is also developed in this thesis. For model transformation, the model compiler MOCCA is developed based on a flexible and extensible architecture. The model mapper components in the current version of MOCCA are able to map desktop applications onto JSE platform; the both business object layer and persistence layer of a three-layered enterprise applications onto JEE platform and SAP ABAP platform. The entire model transformation process is finished with complete code generation.

Tillämpning av instrument vid utövande av explosiva idrottsgrenar, för att mäta en atlets kraftproduktion, kan användas vid analys för att fastställa hur bra en atlet presterar. Dessa typer av instrument finns på marknaden och är oftast tillämpade för sprintstarter och har funktionen att man kanfånga en atlet på film och koppla en händelse till det data som hämtats in via instrumentet. Nackdelenmed dessa system är att de antingen är väldigt dyra eller är i avsaknaden av att vara smidiga ochportabla då de oftast levereras med mycket kringutrustning.Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utveckla ett system bestående av en mobilapplikation, samtlogik till en mikrokontroll som registrerar den horisontella kraften vid sprintstarter från en analogkälla. Insamlade data beräknas och skickas sedan med hjälp av BLE-kommunikation till mobilapplikationen som presenterar kraftdata för användaren.Utöver detta var syftet även att få inhämtad kraftdata tidssynkroniserad mot en mobil enhet för attgöra det möjligt att utvärdera händelser mot externa källor som IMU och höghastighetsfilm.Resultatet av arbetet visar att det är möjligt att hämta samplade kraftdata från en mikrokontroll viaBLE-kommunikation. Det går även att presentera beräknade kraftdata visuellt för en slutanvändaremed en mobilapplikation och få händelserna tidssynkroniserade med hjälp av tidssynkroniseringsalgoritmer. Resultaten kan emellertid förbättras genom fortsatt utveckling av detta system. / The application of instruments in the practice of explosive sports, to measure an athlete's force production, can be used to determine how well an athlete performs. Present instruments on the marketare most often applied to sprint starts and function to capture an athlete on film, and link the eventto the data retrieved from the instrument. The disadvantages with present day systems are that theyare either too expensive or lack flexibility and portability as they are usually delivered with a lot ofperipherals.The purpose of this thesis was to develop a system of a mobile application and logical code to a microcontroller that register horizontal forces at sprint starts from an analog source. The collected datawas calculated and transmitted using BLE communication to the mobile application which presentsthe force data to the user.Moreover, the purpose was also to have the acquired force data time-synchronized with a mobile device to make it possible to evaluate events against external sources such as IMU and high-speed film.The result for the logic developed throughout this work demonstrate that it is possible to retrievesampled force data from a microcontroller via BLE communication. It was possible to present thecalculated force data visually to an end user with a mobile application and have the events time synchronized using time synchronization algorithms. However, the results can be further improved bydevelopment of the system.

<p>Употреба платформски независног моделовања и генерисања<br />прототипова у развоју информационих система скраћује време<br />њиховог развоја и побољшава квалитет тог процеса. При томе,<br />циљ је обезбеђење могућности да развој свих аспеката<br />информационих система буде подржан оваквим приступом.<br />Ова дисертација треба да пружи одговарајући допринос у<br />остварењу наведеног циља. У дисертацији представљени су<br />алгоритми за трансформацију модела ограничења вредности у<br />извршив к&ocirc;д и консолидацију подшема са јединственом<br />шемом базе података, са аспекта ограничења вредности.</p> / <p>Upotreba platformski nezavisnog modelovanja i generisanja<br />prototipova u razvoju informacionih sistema skraćuje vreme<br />njihovog razvoja i poboljšava kvalitet tog procesa. Pri tome,<br />cilj je obezbeđenje mogućnosti da razvoj svih aspekata<br />informacionih sistema bude podržan ovakvim pristupom.<br />Ova disertacija treba da pruži odgovarajući doprinos u<br />ostvarenju navedenog cilja. U disertaciji predstavljeni su<br />algoritmi za transformaciju modela ograničenja vrednosti u<br />izvršiv k&ocirc;d i konsolidaciju podšema sa jedinstvenom<br />šemom baze podataka, sa aspekta ograničenja vrednosti.</p> / <p>The usage of platform-independent modelling and generation of<br />prototypes in information systems development reduces the<br />development time and improves the process quality. By that, the<br />goal is to have all elements of an information system supported by<br />this approach.<br />This dissertation should provide a contribution towards fulfilling the<br />given goal. In the dissertation, author presents algorithms for<br />check constraint model into executable code transformations and<br />algorithms for testing subschema consolidation with respect to<br />check constraints.</p>