The thesis "Comparison of knowledge of electromagnetic field theory of the laity and experts in the context of civil emergency preparedness" to put three goals: 1. The formation of the structure of an electromagnetic field for experts. 2. The reaching of the comparison of knowledge among experts and laymen. 3. Statistical processing of the results. The author has set the following hypotheses: H1. Theoretical distribution of knowledge in a sample of the general public will have a normal distribution . H2. Theoretical distribution of knowledge in a sample of professional community will not have a normal distribution. H3. The comparison of knowledge among the experts and the laymen will lead to an alternative hypothesis. The thesis was based on the knowledge of the theory curricular process. On the basis of this theory was made up not only the structure of the electromagnetic field, but also the questionnaire. An important step in this thesis was the creating a model structure of electromagnetic field . The structure was based on an analysis of the scientific system - the system of educational programs in the field of civil protection.The same structure was applied to the general public. An important step was to compare the knowledge of protect the population from experts and laymen. This issue has not been investigated in detail and it did not compare the knowledge of laymen and experts in the studied physics. The idea came from the possibility of extraordinarily events where respondents can meet with electromagnetic fields and will need the relevant theoretical knowledge. The aim was to the statistical evaluate of the applied questionnaires. There were applied nonparametric and parametric testing as the verification methods. The theoretical division of knowledge of experts is supposed Poisson distribution, on the contrary, the theoretical division of the general public should have a normal distribution. There was also compared the difference between knowledge of laymen and professionals. The using of the statistical methods have been received and confirmed the hypothesis and the thesis goals were fulfilled.

The species diversity, aktivity, equitability and human impact were studied using epigeic beetle communities on transect whest field field trip and alfaalfa field. The materiál was collected by pitfall traps during the period Juni-September 20016 in cadastr of the town Písek in the Southern Bohemia. 38 species and 567 individuals were kept together. Activita of beetles differs in studied plots. The highest aktivity was found on fields and the lowest in field trip. Index of human impact was very similar on studied plots wheat 2,5, field trip 12, rape 0). I tis clear that alll studied are strongly impacted by human acticity. The frequency of relic species were (Dragons and Ground beetles) 20% only on all studied plots 80,00%. The adaptible species absent on field cultures and was found on field trip only. 6 species of adaptible (stenotopic) species were found on field trip only, but their aktivity were very low. The equitability of communities in filed plots was very low (2,331 2,474). The highest equitabilty was found on field trip (3,04). The ordination of commuties indicate the close similarity. The species diversaity is very similar in all communities on studied plots. We recommend the change of sowing management and the lower agrotechnic interference in studied locality. We recommend to enhance the plots of biocorridors and biocenters. The stuided field trip plays a role for the increse of the biodiversity of epigeic beetles, which are important for the reduction of pest organisms in agricultural landscape.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5129.pdf: 1704174 bytes, checksum: cf67946242d496e698e4fa00a29c2344 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-20 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Biodiversity is all around us, in what we wear, eat, into objects from our daily, past and future lives. It is present as an explosion of colors and hues, sounds and smells. It is both invisible and inescapable. The discourses on biodiversity are also multiple: it is the basis of life on Earth, it is essential, and yet suffers constant threats. In this thesis we seek to raise possibilities of working with biodiversity as a theme in an urban environment, the São Carlos Ecological Pole, and to understand the meanings attributed to biodiversity by researchers and students in the Life Sciences and similar areas, and to envision possibilities for addressing the concept of biodiversity in environmental education processes conducted within the principles of a critical environmental education. We conducted a qualitative study, using naturalist research techniques and the Delphi Method, and used a philosophical hermeneutics perspective to interpret and understand the data. This research generated nine categories of meaning attributed to biodiversity: Concreteness, Symbolic, Knowledge, Holism, Kaleidoscope, Hidden, Threatened, Inclusive and Exclusive, listed 16 sets of concepts considered essential, organized in spheres that contemplate aspects of scientific content, values and action, and six suggestions of themes that can help the process of learning about biodiversity: Experiencing biodiversity; "Opening your eyes" for biodiversity; Exercising dialogue/discussions; Acknowledging the importance of biodiversity and the limits of human interference; Biodiversity in our own territory; Overcoming teaching fragmentation. The results are ideas, suggestions, possibilities to be explored from the perspective of a critical environmental education, and must be contextualized in processes that respect the multiplicity of views on environmental issues, and seek understanding and to build agreements that allow for action in favor of the diversity of life on Earth. / A biodiversidade está em tudo ao nosso redor, no que vestimos, comemos, em objetos de nosso cotidiano, passado e futuro. Faz-se presente como uma explosão de cores e tons, de sons e aromas. É ao mesmo tempo invisível e inescapável. Os discursos sobre a biodiversidade também são múltiplos: ela é a base da vida na Terra, é essencial, e, no entanto, sofre ameaça constante. Nesta tese buscamos levantar possibilidades de trabalho com o tema da biodiversidade em um ambiente urbano, o Polo Ecológico de São Carlos e entender quais são os sentidos atribuídos à biodiversidade por pesquisadoras/es e estudantes da área de Ciências Biológicas e afins, e as possibilidades de trabalhar com o conceito da biodiversidade em processos educativos conduzidos dentro dos princípios de uma educação ambiental crítica. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, com o uso de técnicas de pesquisa naturalista e do Método Delphi, e utilizamos o referencial da hermenêutica filosófica na interpretação e compreensão dos dados. Na pesquisa foram geradas nove categorias de sentido atribuído à biodiversidade: Concretude, Simbólico, Conhecimento, Holismo, Caleidoscópio, Oculta, Ameaçada, Inclusiva e Exclusiva, elencados 16 conjuntos de conceitos considerados essenciais, organizados em esferas que contemplam aspectos de conteúdos científicos, valores e atuação, e seis sugestões de temas que podem auxiliar o processo de aprendizagem sobre a biodiversidade: Experimentar a biodiversidade; Abrir os olhos para a biodiversidade; Exercitar diálogo/debates; Perceber a importância da biodiversidade e os limites da interferência humana; Biodiversidade no próprio território; Superação da fragmentação do ensino. Os resultados são ideias, sugestões, possibilidades a serem exploradas, sob a perspectiva da educação ambiental crítica, e devem ser contextualizadas em processos que respeitam a multiplicidade de olhares sobre a questão ambiental e buscam a compreensão e a construção de acordos que permitam a ação em prol da diversidade de vida do planeta.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1145387 bytes, checksum: f2ca7a52e823a2ed9e3362b3560411c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to verify if the country's current regulatory framework of scientific and technological innovation would have the potential to generate effectively scientific and technological development in the Amazon region, with adequate preservation of the environment and generating the socioeconomic sustainability of the Manaus Industrial Pole. The research begins examining the issue of globalization and linkages with technological innovation; then looks at some theories of development in the context of science and technology, analyzes the construction of public policies in the areas of industrial development and science, technology and innovation; and appealing for sectorial industrial policies going to discuss the Manaus Free Zone project, its historic elements, constitutional foundations, elements of management, weaknesses and changes caused by the successive alterations in the regulatory framework. Over the course of implementation of industrial policy also highlights the obstacles, achievements and failures of the Informatics National Policy, bringing to the place its importance as a precursor to the implementation of the Science, Technology and Innovation Public Policy. In the context of application of the research, the work emphasizes the latent need of integration between the local industrial development public policies and the science technology and innovation public policies, especially when considered its linkages with the demands of the Manaus Industrial Pole where there are tax incentives from both policies. Finally, it s evidenced that the legal framework has potential to boost scientific and technological development of the Manaus Industrial Pole combined with the structuring of a systemic planning, not yet implemented. / A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo principal verificar se o marco regulatório da inovação científica e tecnológica em vigor no país teria potencial para gerar desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico efetivo para a região amazônica, com preservação adequada do meio ambiente e gerando a sustentabilidade socioeconômica do Polo Industrial de Manaus. A pesquisa parte da análise do tema da globalização situando suas vinculações com a inovação tecnológica; em seguida, analisa algumas teorias desenvolvimentistas no âmbito da ciência e da tecnologia; destaca a construção de políticas públicas nas áreas de desenvolvimento industrial e ciência, tecnologia e inovação; e envereda pelas políticas industriais setoriais passando a discutir o projeto da Zona Franca de Manaus, seus elementos históricos, fundamentos constitucionais, elementos de gestão, fragilidades e mudanças provocadas pelas sucessivas alterações no marco regulatório. Ao longo da trajetória de implantação da Política Industrial setorial, merecem destaque no trabalho os obstáculos, conquistas e fracassos da Política Nacional de Informática, evidenciando sua importância como precursora para a implantação da Política Pública de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. No contexto de aplicação da pesquisa, o trabalho enfatiza a necessidade latente de integração entre as políticas públicas de desenvolvimento industrial local e as políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, principalmente quando analisadas à luz das demandas do Polo Industrial de Manaus, com incentivos fiscais oriundos de ambas as políticas. Por fim, é evidenciado o potencial do marco legal para impulsionar o desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico do Polo, aliado à estruturação de um planejamento sistêmico, ainda não realizado.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EricoCB_DISSERT.pdf: 1960043 bytes, checksum: 7c0ebefa8d09683721a890c3c7d00bbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / The Methods for compensation of harmonic currents and voltages have been widely used since these methods allow to reduce to acceptable levels the harmonic distortion in the voltages or currents in a power system, and also compensate reactive. The reduction of harmonics and reactive contributes to the reduction of losses in transmission lines and electrical machinery, increasing the power factor, reduce the occurrence of overvoltage and overcurrent. The active power filter is the most efficient method for compensation of harmonic currents and voltages. The active power filter is necessary to use current and voltage controllers loop. Conventionally, the current and voltage control loop of active filter has been done by proportional controllers integrative. This work, investigated the use of a robust adaptive control technique on the shunt active power filter current and voltage control loop to increase robustness and improve the performance of active filter to compensate for harmonics. The proposed control scheme is based on a combination of techniques for adaptive control pole placement and variable structure. The advantages of the proposed method over conventional ones are: lower total harmonic distortion, more flexibility, adaptability and robustness to the system. Moreover, the proposed control scheme improves the performance and improves the transient of active filter. The validation of the proposed technique was verified initially by a simulation program implemented in C++ language and then experimental results were obtained using a prototype three-phase active filter of 1 kVA / Os m?todos para compensa??o de correntes e tens?es harm?nicas v?m sendo bastante utilizados, visto que esses m?todos permitem reduzir a n?veis aceit?veis as distor??es harm?nicas nas tens?es ou correntes em um sistema el?trico de pot?ncia, e ainda, compensar reativos. A redu??o de harm?nicas e reativos contribuem para: a diminui??o das perdas nas linhas de transmiss?o e nas m?quinas el?tricas, o aumento do fator de pot?ncia e a redu??o de ocorr?ncias de sobretens?es e sobrecorrentes. O filtro ativo de pot?ncia ? o m?todo mais eficiente para compensa??o de correntes e tens?es harm?nicas. No filtro ativo de pot?ncia ? necess?ria a utiliza??o de controladores para as malhas de corrente e tens?o. Convencionalmente, o controle dessas malhas tem sido feito por controladores proporcionais integrativos. Neste trabalho, ? investigado o uso de uma t?cnica de controle adaptativo robusto nas malha de corrente e tens?o, do filtro ativo de pot?ncia em paralelo trif?sico, para aumentar a robustez e melhorar o desempenho desse filtro ativo na compensa??o de harm?nicos. A t?cnica de controle proposta ? baseada na combina??o das t?cnicas de controle adaptativo por posicionamento de p?los e de estrutura vari?vel. As vantagens do m?todo proposto sobre os convencionais s?o: menor taxa de distor??o harm?nica, maior flexibilidade, capacidade de adapta??o e robustez para o sistema. Al?m disso, a t?cnica de controle proposta aumenta o desempenho e melhora o transit?rio do filtro ativo. A valida??o da t?cnica proposta foi verificada inicialmente atrav?s de um programa de simula??o implementado em linguagem C ++ e em seguida foram obtidos resultados experimentais usando um prot?tipo de um filtro ativo trif?sico de 1 kVA

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoCSJ.pdf: 396492 bytes, checksum: c7b91bb21a15450749eb2738a17c2f3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-28 / There are two main approaches for using in adaptive controllers. One is the so-called model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and the other is the so-called adaptive pole placement control (APPC). In MRAC, a reference model is chosen to generate the desired trajectory that the plant output has to follow, and it can require cancellation of the plant zeros. Due to its flexibility in choosing the controller design methodology (state feedback, compensator design, linear quadratic, etc.) and the adaptive law (least squares, gradient, etc.), the APPC is the most general type of adaptive control. Traditionally, it has been developed in an indirect approach and, as an advantage, it may be applied to non-minimum phase plants, because do not involve plant zero-pole cancellations. The integration to variable structure systems allows to aggregate fast transient and robustness to parametric uncertainties and disturbances, as well. In this work, a variable structure adaptive pole placement control (VS-APPC) is proposed. Therefore, new switching laws are proposed, instead of using the traditional integral adaptive laws. Additionally, simulation results for an unstable first order system and simulation and practical results for a three-phase induction motor are shown / Existem dois m?todos principais para a constru??o de controladores adaptativos. Um deles ? o controle adaptativo por modelo de refer?ncia (MRAC) e o outro ? o controle adaptativo por posicionamento de p?los (APPC). No MRAC, um modelo de refer?ncia ? escolhido para gerar a trajet?ria desejada que o sinal de sa?da da planta deve seguir, e ele pode requerer o cancelamento de zeros da planta. Devido a sua flexibilidade em escolher a metodologia de projeto do controlador (realimenta??o de estado, projeto de compensador, linear quadr?tico, etc.) e a lei adaptativa (m?nimos quadrados, m?todo do gradiente, etc.), o APPC ? o tipo mais geral de controle adaptativo. Tradicionalmente, vem sendo desenvolvido em uma abordagem indireta e, como uma vantagem, pode ser aplicado a plantas de fase n?o-m?nima, j? que n?o envolve cancelamentos de zeros e p?los. A integra??o aos sistemas com estrutura vari?vel permite agregar rapidez no transit?rio e robustez ?s varia??es param?tricas e perturba??es. O objetivo deste trabalho ? desenvolver um controlador adaptativo por posicionamento de p?los e estrutura vari?vel (VS-APPC). Portanto, s?o propostas leis chaveadas em substitui??o ?s leis adaptativas integrais tradicionais. Adicionalmente, s?o apresentadas simula??es para uma planta de primeira ordem inst?vel, assim como simula??es e resultados pr?ticos da aplica??o da t?cnica proposta a um motor de indu??o trif?sico

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SuelioFC_DISSERT.pdf: 1266723 bytes, checksum: 8001a23164a7a48663a60001950fc3e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The stability of synchronous generators connected to power grid has been the object of study and research for years. The interest in this matter is justified by the fact that much of the electricity produced worldwide is obtained with the use of synchronous generators. In this respect, studies have been proposed using conventional and unconventional control techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, and adaptive controllers to increase the stabilitymargin of the systemduring sudden failures and transient disturbances. Thismaster thesis presents a robust unconventional control strategy for maintaining the stability of power systems and regulation of output voltage of synchronous generators connected to the grid. The proposed control strategy comprises the integration of a sliding surface with a linear controller. This control structure is designed to prevent the power system losing synchronism after a sudden failure and regulation of the terminal voltage of the generator after the fault. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy was experimentally tested in a salient pole synchronous generator of 5 kVA in a laboratory structure / A estabilidade de geradores s?ncronos conectados a rede el?trica tem sido objeto de estudo e investiga??es durante anos. O interesse por este assunto ? justificado pelo fato de grande parte da energia el?trica produzida no mundo ser obtida com a utiliza??o de geradores s?ncronos. Nesse aspecto, muitos trabalhos t?m sido propostos utilizando t?cnicas de controle convencional e n?o convencional como l?gica fuzzy, redes neurais e controladores adaptativos visando aumentar a margem de estabilidade do sistema quando ele est? sujeito a falhas s?bitas e dist?rbios transit?rios. Este trabalho apresenta uma estrat?gia de controle robusta n?o-convencional para a manuten??o da estabilidade dos sistemas de pot?ncia e regula??o da tens?o de sa?da de geradores s?ncronos conectados ? rede el?trica. A estrat?gia de controle utilizada ? composta pela integra??o de uma superf?cie deslizante com um controlador linear. Esta estrutura de controle contribui para a preven??o dos sistemas de pot?ncia de perder o sincronismo ap?s uma falha s?bita e regula??o da tens?o terminal do gerador ap?s a falta. A viabilidade da estrat?gia de controle proposta foi testada experimentalmente em um gerador s?ncrono de p?los salientes de 5 kVA em uma estrutura de laborat?rio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CecilioMSN_DISSERT.pdf: 1132732 bytes, checksum: 95ce32ef2cdf325116d25b76e2b1858a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The power system stabilizers are used to suppress low-frequency electromechanical oscillations and improve the synchronous generator stability limits. This master thesis proposes a wavelet-based power system stabilizer, composed of a new methodology for extraction and compensation of electromechanical oscillations in electrical power systems based on the scaling coefficient energy of the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform in order to reduce the effects of delay and attenuation of conventional power system stabilizers. Moreover, the wavelet coefficient energy is used for electric oscillation detection and triggering the power system stabilizer only in fault situations. The performance of the proposed power system stabilizer was assessed with experimental results and comparison with the conventional power system stabilizer. Furthermore, the effects of the mother wavelet were also evaluated in this work / Os estabilizadores de sistemas de pot?ncia s?o empregados para suprimir oscila??es eletromec?nicas, de baixa frequ?ncia, e estender os limites de estabilidade de geradores s?ncronos. Prop?e-se nesta disserta??o de mestrado um estabilizador de sistema de pot?ncia baseado nas wavelets, composta por uma novametodologia para extra??o e compensa??o de oscila??es eletromec?nicas em sistemas el?tricos de pot?ncia baseada nas energias dos coeficientes de aproxima??o da transformada wavelet discreta redundante, com o objetivo de reduzir os efeitos de atraso e atenua??es dos estabilizadores de sistemas de pot?ncia convencionais. Por outro lado, as energias dos coeficientes wavelet s?o utilizadas para detec??o das oscila??es el?tricas e habilita??o do estabilizador de sistema de pot?ncia proposto apenas nas situa??es de falta. A efic?cia do desempenho do estabilizador de sistema de pot?ncia proposto foi comprovada por meio de resultados experimentais, cujo desempenho foi comparado com o desempenho do estabilizador de sistema de pot?ncia convencional. Al?m disso, os efeitos das wavelets m?es tamb?m foram avaliados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielWH_DISSERT.pdf: 3818359 bytes, checksum: ac34198b688307ffda10243b5ad47c74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In the last decade, the renewable energy sources have present a major propulsion in the world due to several factors: political, environmental, financial and others. Within this context, we have in particular the energy obtained through wind, wind energy - that has highlighted with rapid growth in recent years, including in Brazil, mostly in the Northeast, due to it s benefit-cost between the clean energies. In this context, we propose to compare the variable structure adaptive pole placement control (VS-APPC) with a traditional control technique proportional integral controller (PI), applied to set the control of machine side in a conversion system using a wind generator based on Double-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Robustness and performance tests were carried out to the uncertainties of the internal parameters of the machine and variations of speed reference. / As fontes de energia renov?veis t?m, na ?ltima d?cada, ganho uma grande propuls?o em todo o mundo devido aos mais diversos fatores: pol?ticos, ambientais, financeiros, entre outros. Dentro deste universo, temos, em especial, a energia obtida atrav?s do vento, energia e?lica - que tem se destacado com um crescimento vertiginoso nos ?ltimos anos, inclusive no Brasil, principalmente na regi?o Nordeste, devido ao seu custo-benef?cio entre as energias "limpas". Neste cen?rio, prop?e-se a compara??o do controlador por posicionamento de polos e estrutura vari?vel (VS-APPC) com o controlador proporcional integral (PI) aplicados em um sistema de convers?o de energia e?lica que utiliza um gerador de indu??o duplamente alimentado (Double-Fed Induction Generator- DFIG). Testes de robustez e desempenho foram realizados com incertezas nos par?metros da m?quina e varia??es de refer?ncia de velocidade

This work develops a new mathematical model to the salient pole synchronous machines (SPSM), based on the abc reference system. The model considers the distribution and coil pitch factors of windings and develops a new function for the variable air gap, generated by the curvature of the polar mass. As a result, the development of the modeling takes into account the spatial harmonic components of: magneto motive force MMF(θ)h, electromagnetic ux density B(θ)h and variation function of the air gap g(θ)h. It is also proposed a new and simplied methodology using the locked rotor tests, volt-ampere method, to obtain the constants of the synchronous machine design, which allow the calculation of the modeling parameters and the terminals magnitudes determination. It presents also contributions to traditional methods of obtaining experimental inductances, using the locked rotor test. Yet it develops procedures and makes the simulation of the main temporal magnitudes at the generator terminals connected to the utility grid, electrical torque, speed, voltage and current. The model is validated through the theoretical and experimental confrontation of inductances, and also of the voltages and currents at the generator terminals connected to the utility grid. / Este trabalho desenvolve uma nova modelagem matemática para as máquinas síncronas de polos salientes (MSPS), baseada no sistema abc de referência. A modelagem considera os fatores de distribuição e de passo de bobina dos enrolamentos e desenvolve uma nova função para o entreferro variável, gerado pela curvatura da sapata polar. Como conseqüência o desenvolvimento da modelagem leva em consideração os componentes harmônicos espaciais de: força magneto motriz FMM(θ)h, densidade de uxo eletromagnético B(θ)h e da função de variação do entreferro g(θ)h. É também proposto uma nova e simplificada metodologia a partir dos testes de rotor bloqueado, método volt-ampere, para a obtenção das constantes de projeto da máquina síncrona que possibilitam os cálculos dos parâmetros da modelagem, bem como a determinação das grandezas terminais. Também apresenta contribuições aos métodos tradicionais de obtenção de indutâncias experimentais, a partir dos testes de rotor bloqueado. Ainda desenvolve os procedimentos e faz a simulação das principais grandezas temporais nos terminais do gerador conectado à rede da concessionária: torque elétrico, velocidade, corrente e tensão. A modelagem é convalidada através das confrontações teórico-experimental das indutâncias, e também dos resultados de correntes e tensões nos terminais do gerador conetado à rede da concessionária. / Doutor em Ciências