Due to the great change of Taiwan social environment, values are seriously distorted. Many adolescents would gather together at holiday nights for dangerous driving on road (racing) which not only causes gridlock on road and interferes traffic seriously, what¡¦s worse is these youths even attack the public, police officers on duty and related competed agency with force. This behavior not only violates legal regulations but damages social security severely, threatens citizens¡¦ life, body and property safety. Since the role of police officer serves as the function of social security maintenance, to clamp down and hold back dangerous driving is one important segment for the exercise of police powers. The exercise method of police powers in Taiwan has been reformed greatly due to the change of political and economical situation. During Martial Law Period, to meet the demand, this nation conferred authority on police officers to great extension. The nature of duty enforcement also belonged to regulation, clampdown, and penalty with compulsive implementation upon enforcement. However, the delegation scope pursuant to law is unspecific and the requirement of enforcement is general, human right violation controversy is often occurred. Till Interpretation of Shih-Zih No. 535 made by Grand Justice of Judicial Yuan, police authority then faces the importance of administrative procedure and is able to step forward to a country of nomocracy. With the promotion from all circles, ¡§Act of Exercise of the Police Powers¡¨ of Taiwan was effected on Dec. 1, 2003, herein not only regulates specifically the definition, function of power limits and implementation method of police officer, it also stipulates the practical measures of civil rights adopted for police powers exercise in proclamation to demand police officers to be in compliance with principle of proportionality while exercising authority. It also bestows the legal basis on police powers exercising that can look after both the insurance of human right and the maintenance of police safety which really possesses groundbreaking meaning of a time. Only that whether the formulation of the said act in practical really indicates the dangerous driving prevention legal system of police officers has already achieved its perfection worth the further research and exploration by this study. Administrative law is deep and profound as well as extensive and infinite and hasn¡¦t formed a complete administration law till now. Only that with observation from the method and principle of administrative act, it can be divided into five main structures of Basic Principle, Organization Framework, Limit of Administrative Rights, Administrative Relief, and Administrative Surveillance. Any administrative legal system pursuits to achieve its perfection, it then shall be analyzed by the five main structures of administrative act. Therefore, the five main structures of administrative act serve as the center in this study to examine the dangerous driving prevention legal system of police officer and review the practice method of police authority and compare to current relative decrees and regulations, expecting police officers can work out the problems concerning to the requirements of power exercise and procedure and to be advantageous to the reinforcement of dangerous driving prevention. Under this pattern of thought, this study tries to examine all systems upon dangerous driving prevention and clampdown of Taiwan police officers from the angle of administrative act with the said five main structures of administrative act basic principles as the research method in this study. The main frameworks of this study are divided into seven chapters respectively: Chapter 1 Introduction To bring forth the dubious interpretation of current dangerous driving prevention reinforcement by police authority firstly to explain the research motive, purpose, research scope, limits, research method, framework, the determination of related terms, and so on. Chapter 2 The Basic Principle of Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer. To interpret the concept and definition of dangerous driving firstly and then bring forth the cruxes in reality and data analysis against the four aspects of society with actual phenomena, economy with most appropriate adjustment, politics of interrogation and legal system of decrees and regulations to make us understand the establishment background of dangerous driving prevention legal system of police officers. And further to compliment with Japan dangerous driving prevention system, the analysis of international aspect to adopt the successful experiences of dangerous driving prevention in foreign countries; and then explore the nomocracy of dangerous driving legal system of police officers from the angle of three principles of administrative act and seven principles of procedure justices to discuss the related legal basis and regulations concerning police power exercise; and finally explore the participation of relative parties of dangerous driving prevention legal system of police officers, expecting to assist police officers in the reinforcement of dangerous driving prevention with the participation of the public to make the dangerous driving prevention legal system more complete. Chapter 3 The Organization Framework of Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer To explore current central and local police administrative organization to deep understand the problems of organization framework, personnel system and fund budget of police authority, expecting to establish complete organization framework for the advantages of practical operation of dangerous driving prevention of police authority. Chapter 4 The Limit of Administrative Rights and Implementation of Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer Traditional clampdown with penalty and other administrative actions exempted from high power type are included. The types and meaning is to be explored against the regulation items of seven ¡§Administrative Procedure Law,¡¨ including Administrative Investigation, Administrative Plan, Administrative Legislation, Administrative Penalty, Administrative Contract, Administrative Instruction, and the insurance of Administrative Duty Reinforcement that is helpful for the clear-up of the requirements and procedures of police power exercise. Chapter 5 The Relief and Solutions to Problems Arising from Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer According to the different categories of agency receiving relief procedures, they can be divided into the administrative relief within and outside administrative system. Start from the relief system of compliant, declaration against different opinions and petition; and then discuss the administrative suit system outside administrative system; and then continue to compliment other relief ways of petition and pleading; and finally to explore national compensation, constitute interpretation and public vote one by one to cover all surveillance rights of people in details. Chapter 6 The Administrative Surveillance of Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer Due to quality and quantity changes of modern country administration, the necessity of administrative control increases day by day. Complete administrative surveillance legal system consists in exploring the supervising system of inspect, supervise, political affairs and sales within police authority and outer supervising system of power, the public, opinion and social groups. With the supervising function of administrative surveillance to expect the work of dangerous driving prevention of police officer would meet the demand of nation, society and people in the respects of legal system and effects. Chapter 7 Conclusion and Suggestion To bring forth problems discovered after research and propose suggestions for improvements against dangerous driving prevention for the reference of police officers upon the reinforcement.

To-date relatively little research has explored the perceptions that influence young peoples' interest in policing as a career. This study examined if perceptions of policing are interconnected with desire to be an officer. Overall, the results were inconclusive; however, it was determined that young people interested in a policing career hold moderately accurate perceptions of policing with regards to the application and hiring process, officer salary, the daily tasks performed by officers, and issues of gender. But, these young people have a limited understanding of longstanding issues of race/ethnic discrimination within policing. The implications of this research undertaking for policing organizations and academics are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:06:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristine Matos Benedet.pdf: 705487 bytes, checksum: 3436ee689f23188f2ad69c373d85cf55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research investigated the relations between physical activity level an factors related to the processes of health and illness in the Military Police Officers. Regarding the methodology, this study proceed an systematic review with 24 articles on physical activity and health of the public security officials published in the last five years who met criteria for inclusion and exclusion; was conducted a survey of the medical records relating, to physical activity to health care and treatment of Military Police Officer, of reserve and of active, available between 2001 and 2011, in a random sample of 496 cases, which were analyzed by calculation differences of 95% confidence intervals (95%) and associations tested with bivariate logistic regression with backward elimination; were applied questionnaires accepted worldwide in 526 subjects randomly selected from the Military Police Officers in treatment or care at the Military Police Hospital Commander Lara Ribas, in which the results were analyzed using multiple regressions. Based on systematic review, can be conclude that national studies are mainly about physical and psychological conditions and international studies are principally about problems resulting from stress. Based on the cases studied the medical records, we can conclude that most of the subjects cared or treated at the Military Police Hospital Commander Lara Ribas have mean body mass index of 26.1 kg/m², which reported beneficial factors and detrimental to individual health, which occupational diseases that predominate are of type injury, poisoning and other consequences of external causes among the welded, and anxiety and sleep disorders among the officers, and that 94.4% of the police officers reported physical activity. Based on empirical data, we can conclude that most of the Military Police is male, mean age 30.5 years, working 4.7 days a week and 697.9 minutes per day, that have high school and universitary, have normal weight, not smoke, showing signs of stress, are physically active and the subjects with lower household physical activity and reduced occurrence of depression tend to have higher values of general health, which predominates in most sub domains conditions health. / Esta pesquisa investigou as relações entre inatividade física, condições de saúde e comorbidades em policiais militares em situação de atendimento ou tratamento de saúde do Estado de Santa Catarina. Quanto à metodologia, o estudo foi realizado por meio de revisão sistemática, cujo resultado foi proveniente de 24 artigos nacionais e internacionais sobre a atividade física e saúde em agentes de Segurança Pública, os quais foram publicados nos últimos cinco anos e atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão; de levantamento dos prontuários médicos referentes aos atendimentos e tratamentos de saúde em policiais militares, da reserva e da ativa, disponíveis entre os anos de 2001 e 2011, em uma amostra aleatória de 496 casos analisados por meio de cálculo de diferenças, de intervalos de confiança 95% (IC95%) e associações testadas com regressão logística bivariada com eliminação retrógrada; e ainda de aplicação de questionários em 526 sujeitos, aleatoriamente selecionados entre os policiais militares em tratamento ou em atendimento no Hospital da Polícia Militar Comandante Lara Ribas, que foram analisados por meio de regressão múltipla. Com base na revisão sistemática, pode-se concluir que os estudos nacionais tratam principalmente das questões físicas e psíquicas e os internacionais sobre os problemas decorrentes do estresse. De acordo com os casos pesquisados nos prontuários médicos, conclui-se que a maioria dos sujeitos atendidos ou tratados no Hospital da Polícia Militar Comandante Lara Ribas são praças, com média do índice de massa corporal de 26,1 kg/m², que relatam fatores benéficos e maléficos à saúde individual, predominando as patologias ocupacionais do tipo lesões, envenenamentos e outras consequências de causas externas entre os praças e os transtornos de ansiedade e do sono entre os oficiais. Com base nos dados empíricos, pode-se concluir ainda que a maioria dos policiais militares é do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 30,5 anos, trabalha 4,7 dias por semana e 697,9 minutos por dia, possui nível médio e superior, apresenta peso normal, não fuma, apresenta sinais de estresse e é ativa fisicamente. As associações apontam que os sujeitos adultos tendem a relatar menos a prática de atividade física e os com menor atividade física doméstica e menor ocorrência de depressão tendem a ter maiores valores de saúde geral, a qual predomina na maioria dos subdomínios das condições de saúde.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka poliser inom ingripandeverksamhets (IGV) upplevelser av kvinnans inställning till att medverkai utredningen, baserat på initiala brottsplatsförhör, i partnervåldsärenden.Vidare var syftet även att undersöka hur IGV-poliser upplever att manbör arbeta för att motivera kvinnor till att medverka i utredningen. SjuIGV-poliser intervjuades med en semistrukturerad intervjuguide somsedan analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Med hjälp av analysenidentifierades fyra teman samt åtta subteman. Resultatet påvisade attkvinnors inställning till att medverka i utredningen var negativalternativt ambivalent. Den negativa inställningen berodde till stor del pånormalisering av våldet samt misstro till polis och rättsväsende. Denambivalenta inställningen grundade sig i rädsla för våld samt ovisshetkring exempelvis rättsprocessen. Resultatet till den del av studien somsyftade till att förklara hur poliser upplever att de bör arbeta för attmotivera kvinnor till medverkan i utredningen påvisade att strategiersamt uppträdande är de mest centrala delarna. De strategier som ansågsmest centrala var patrullens uppbyggnad samt avskildhet. Att ha tålamodsamt den förhörsteknik som används under förhöret var de viktigastefaktorerna rörande hur man bör uppträda för att motivera kvinnor attmedverka i utredningen. Normaliseringsprocessen användes för attförsöka förklara kvinnors inställning till att medverka i utredningen. / The aim of this study was to examine police officer’s experiences ofwomen's attitudes towards participating in an investigation, based on theinitial crime scene hearing, in cases regarding domestic violence.Furthermore, the aim was also to investigate how police officer’s thinkthey should work to motivate women to participate in the investigation.Seven police officers were interviewed using a semistructured interviewguide. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themesand eight sub-themes were identified. The result showed that women'sattitudes toward participating in an investigation was either negative orambivalent. The negative attitude were due to normalization of theviolence and mistrust to the police and the legal system. Theambivalence attitude was caused by fear of repeated victimization anduncertainty concerning for example the legal proceeding. In terms ofhow police officer’s think they should work to motivate women toparticipate in the investigation, showed that strategies and appearancewere the two most central parts. There were two strategies that wereconsidered as most central. These were the structure of the patrol anddetachment. To have patience and how the hearing proceeds were seenas the most important factors regarding how to appear to be able tomotivate women to participate in the investigation. The Normalizationprocess were used as an explanation regarding women's attitudestowards participation in an investigation.

國內最近幾年來，警察人員遭「強制扣薪」問題，隨著國內社經多元因素交互激盪，呈現逐年增加趨勢，身居為社會之一環，不論個人、家庭、職場、社會等各層面誘因，均一而再的衝擊影響渠意識，致使衍生各種深重困擾的風紀問題；以台北縣警察局所屬警察人員為例，遭法院裁定強制執行扣薪計有二百七十五人，佔全局人數百分之四點二，鑑於其發生過程多元複雜，且種種慘痛案例迄今仍重複發生，實值得深入加以探討；研究者因忝為台北縣政府警察局一員，乃僅就台北縣警察人員為例研提報告。 本論文從問題背景開始、以研究員警為何被扣薪原因，被扣薪後對員警家庭生活及職場意識為目的、研究方法則由相關文獻回顧著手，以參與觀察法、訪談法、多元方法（三角交叉檢視法）等研究方法，再經以問卷，設計以個人基本資料、強制扣薪原因、扣薪後對您自己及家庭生活、職場生活影響及對策等等項目，期建構出維護警察風紀之「最佳模式」。來瞭解對家庭生活、職場等二個面向之影響，並透過量化與質化方式，理論與實務並重進行探討分析，就整體形象、工作職場、家庭生活、長官互動、同儕關係、生活影響、其他各方面說明，深入研究問題之類型、成因、影響，針對問題提出結論之重點，獲致如下之研究發現、貢獻。 一、本論文從問題背景、相關文獻資料皆係唯一，研究問題之類型、成因、工作、家庭生活之影響，亦屬首創。 二、本研究有助警察團隊愈加堅實，以台北縣警察局所屬警察人員為例，本案經防制輔導措施實施，從93年9月迄94年1月已減57名。 三、就扣薪發生錯綜複雜過程，種種慘痛案例，迄今仍重複發生，本研究可予實務界立即參酌；亦提供可續研究發展的空間，有a.擴及五大都會區研究發展、b.台、澎、金、馬地區之探索、c.先進工業國家情況之探討。期望有利來者後續之研究，並冀求有關警察行政當局對本案現象之關注及作為。 四、依本研究發現，警察人員遭受法院強制扣薪，對於該員警本身之生理、心理、家庭、職場、生活、上司與下屬、同儕、親朋好友，皆有若干影響，提供未來改善可行參考方向。

Contexte et objectif. Afin de résorber le problème de la violence en milieu scolaire, de nombreux programmes et partenariats « police-école » ont vu le jour. Malgré la popularité de ces initiatives, les évaluations établissent toutefois que leurs effets sur la violence et la délinquance sont plutôt triviaux. Récemment, le programme de prévention « Unité sans violence » a été implanté dans plusieurs écoles de la région métropolitaine de Montréal et une évaluation préliminaire rapporte que son introduction fut suivie d’une baisse significative de la victimisation. À l’aide d’une approche mixte, l’objectif de ce mémoire est d’explorer la pertinence des concepts du rôle paradoxale et de l’intervention en contexte d’autorité afin de mieux comprendre les interactions entre les partenaires du programme et d’identifier de nouvelles pistes permettant de mieux comprendre les effets des programmes policiers en milieu scolaire. Méthodologie. La recherche repose sur des données qualitatives et quantitatives. D’une part, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès des intervenants (policiers, enseignants et éducateurs spécialisés) afin de recueillir leur point de vue et expérience par rapport au programme. D’autre part, des questionnaires ont été administrés aux élèves de cinquième et sixième année de 20 écoles, ce qui a permis de documenter leur perception des policiers. Résultats. Les résultats aux entrevues suggèrent que les rôles d’aidant du policier et celui plus répressif s’inscrivent en continuité plutôt qu’en contradiction. Les rôles d’éducateur et de « grand frère » du policier seraient très bien reçus par les élèves. L’expérience des policiers, leur approche empathique et personnalisée ainsi que leur intérêt pour le travail communautaire apparaissent comme des éléments clés du bon déroulement du programme. Les résultats aux questionnaires montrent d’ailleurs que les élèves ont une perception très favorable des policiers. Conclusion. Les concepts de rôle et d’intervention en contexte d’autorité apparaissent comme des éléments clés qui devraient être intégrés à toute recherche évaluative visant à mieux comprendre l’effet des programmes policiers sur la délinquance. De plus, d’autres évaluations quantitatives du programme « Unité sans violence » sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre l’influence de certaines de ses composantes, soit le renforcement positif, l’étalement du programme tout au long de l’année scolaire, le rôle des enseignants dans la transmission du message et l’exposition continue au programme entre la cinquième et sixième année. / Context and objectives. Several « police-school » partnerships and programs have been developed in order to combat school violence. Despite the popularity of these incentives,evidence from several studies show that their effects on violence are rather trivial.Recently, a prevention program, “Unit Without Violence”, was implemented in several schools of the greater Montreal region. Preliminary assessments suggest that its introduction led to a significant reduction in violent victimizations. Using a mixed approach, the objective of this dissertation is to explore the relevance of the concepts of the dual role of police officers and that of intervention in a context of authority to further our understanding about interactions between partners and identify new concepts for investigating the effects of police programs on school delinquency. Method. A mixed research design was developed to gather qualitative and quantitative data. On one hand, semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders (police officers, teachers and other specialists) to gather data on their views and experiences with the program. On the other hand, a paper-pencil survey was administered to fifth and sixth grade pupils of 20 schools to measure their perceptions about the police. Results. The present results suggest that the repressive and the resource-person roles are rather in continuity than in conflict. The educative and big-brother roles of police officers appear to be well received by pupils. The experience of police officers, their empathetic and custom approach as well as their interest for community work are seen as key elements of the success of the program. Survey results also show that pupils have a very positive perception of the police. Conclusion. Concepts related to the role of police officers and interventions in a context of authority are seen as key elements that should be included in any evaluation seeking to investigate the effect of police programs on school delinquency. Furthermore, additional quantitative assessments of the “Unit Without Violence” program are needed to further our understanding of the mediating effects, on school violence, of certain of its features such as the length of the program (the program is given through the whole school year),the positive reinforcement aspect, the teacher’s role in transmitting the message of the program and the continued exposure to the program between fifth and sixth grades.

The study examined the validity of using the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) as a tool for police selection. The mean CPI profile of 211 police applicants was first compared to that of the CPI norms. Five performance criterion measures--retention on the job, academy grades, supervisory ratings, commendations, and reprimands of police officers--were studied to investigate their relationships with the CPI scales. The results indicated that there were significant mean differences on all the CPI scales between police applicants and CPI norms. The scale of Flexibility significantly differentiated the criterion groups of retention on the job. The CPI was useful in predicting academy performance; however, it did not correlate well with job performance as measured by supervisory ratings, commendations, and reprimands.

This study examined the validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) as a predictor for police officer selection. The MMPI profiles of 212 police officer applicants selected to enter the training academy were compared to the standardized MMPI norms. Significant differences between the police officers and the normative population were found on all but two scales. When the average profile of officers still on the police force was compared with the average profile of terminated officers, two scales were significantly different. Significant correlations were obtained between four MMPI scales and the academy score criterion and two scales each for the commendation and supervisory rating criteria. A prediction equation was developed for academy score using multiple regression analysis.

American policing is shaped by an array of challenges. Police are expected to address crime and engage the community, yet police are held to higher expectations of accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency than ever before. Police legitimacy is the ability of the police to exercise their authority in the course of maintaining order, resolving conflicts, and solving problems (PERF, 2014). The procedural justice and police legitimacy literature suggest that by exhibiting procedurally just behaviors within police-citizen encounters, officers are considered legitimate by the public (PERF, 2014; Tyler, 2004, Tyler & Jackson, 2012). This study examines procedural justice through systematic observations of police-citizen encounters recorded by body worn cameras in one mid-Atlantic police agency. The four elements of procedural justice (participation, neutrality, dignity and respect, and trustworthiness) are assessed to examine police behavior and its outcomes. The research questions concern how police acting in procedurally just ways may influence citizen behaviors. Descriptive statistics indicate high levels of procedural justice. Regression analyses suggest that procedural justice may predict positive citizen behaviors within police-citizen encounters. This study highlights the significance of procedural justice as an antecedent to police legitimacy and offers a new mode of observation: body worn camera footage.

Olyckor med polisfordon fortsätter att öka. Litet är dock känt om polisers egna upplevelser av kritiska händelser under utryckningskörning. För att bidra till ökad förståelse för utryckningskörning var studiens syfte att undersöka hur poliser beskriver sina upplevelser av utryckningsförloppet. I denna studie använde vi oss av en semistrukturerad intervjuguide för att undersöka hur fem poliser berättade om sina upplevelser. Genom narrativ analys av intervjuerna studerades likheter och skillnader av kritiska händelser under utryckningskörning. Vi identifierade fem återkommande teman, så kallade typnarrativ: viljan att fånga, att köra fort, att det är känsligt att kritisera kollegors utryckningskörning, att bedöma när höga hastigheter är befogade, samt att hitta balansen i utryckningskörningen för att uppleva kontroll. Dessa fem typnarrativ gav en god förståelse för hur poliserna berättade om oväntade händelser som skapat riskfyllda situationer i deras tjänsteutövning. Likheter i berättelserna gällde främst beteende och attityder. Skillnaderna bestod framförallt i omständigheter, exempelvis hur utryckningen startade och vilken information poliserna fick eller inte fick under utryckningen. Skillnaderna kopplades till möjliga konsekvenser av utryckningen utifrån teorier om beslutsfattande, riskmedvetenhet och skadeprevention. Vidare indikerade resultaten att upplevelsen av utryckningskörning var dynamisk och varierade med kontextuella förhållanden. / Accidents with police vehicles continue to increase. However, little is known about the police's own experiences of critical events during emergency driving. To contribute to increased understanding of emergency driving, the study's purpose was to investigate how policemen describe their experiences of the emergency driving. In this study, we used a semistructured interview guide to investigate how five policemen talked about their experiences. Through narrative analysis of the interviews, similarities and differences of critical events during emergency driving were investigated. We identified five recurring themes, so-called narrative types: the will to capture, to drive fast, difficulties in questioning a colleague's driving style, deciding when high speeds are justified, and finding the balance in emergency driving to experience control. These five types gave a good understanding of how the policemen talked about unexpected events that created risky situations in their service. Similarities in the stories mostly concerned behaviors and attitudes. The differences consisted mainly of circumstances, such as how the start-up began and what information the police received or did not receive during the reprisal. The differences were linked to the possible consequences of the expression based on theories of decision making, risk awareness and injury prevention. Furthermore, the results indicated that the experience of emergency driving was dynamic and varied with contextual conditions.