Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de refletir sobre o problema das pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social, que têm a rua como seu espaço de sociabilidade e, muitas vezes, de moradia, está longe de ser uma novidade no Brasil. Podemos encontrar registros a respeito da existência deste fenômeno e de tentativas de solucioná-lo desde os tempos do Império. Mas o problema se prolifera após o processo de industrialização, no começo do século XX, em decorrência da pobreza causada pelo desastroso adensamento urbano, sobretudo na cidade de São Paulo. Desde então a temática é amplamente abordada e discutida por juristas e membros de diversos setores da sociedade, que buscam uma solução para a questão. Porém, a heterogeneidade destes sujeitos que vivem na rua é grande: passa pelas diferentes faixas etárias (crianças, adolescente, adultos e idosos) e também pelas diferenças de gênero. Cada grupo etário apresenta especificidades. Elas se expressam em escolhas distintas quanto aos locais nos quais passam a noite estratégias de sobrevivência formas de socialização e muitos outros condicionantes da permanência na rua. Desta forma, admitindo que a sociedade possui resquícios do patriarcalismo, buscamos empreender um estudo acerca da realidade de mulheres adolescentes que estão submersas no contexto da vulnerabilidade social e na situação de rua. Procuramos identificar as adversidades do cotidiano destas adolescentes e compreender os mecanismos da exclusão social e das múltiplas violências sofridas, sobretudo daquelas que se relacionam diretamente com o fato de serem mulheres. Buscamos traçar um perfil das adolescentes que fizeram parte da pesquisa, apreender suas concepções do que é ser mulher e as suas estratégias em relação aos estigmas e aos papéis sociais femininos designados a elas. Refletimos, ainda, acerca do papel das políticas públicas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research seeks to analyze the problem of people who live in situations of social vulnerability. The condition of people who have the street as their space of sociability and, sometimes, of dwelling, is far from being an anomaly in Brazil. We can find records that indicate the existence of this phenomenon as well as attempts to solve it since the Empire times. However, the problem began to proliferate after the age of industrialization - which started in the beginning of 20th century - due to the poverty caused by the disastrous urban denseness, especially in the city of São Paulo. Since then this topic has been broadly broached and discussed by legislators, intellectuals, and people from different segments of society, who seek to find a solution for the problem. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of these people who live on the streets is large, and represents a diverseness that consists of different age levels (including children, adolescents, adults and elderly people) and also gender differences. Each group has its own peculiarities. These are expressed in the different choices that they make regarding the places where they spend the night, strategies for surviving, ways of socialization, and other conditionals that guarantee their stay on the streets. Thus, by admitting that Brazilian society has residual remnants of patriarchy, we endeavor to study the reality of the adolescent women who are submerged in a context of social vulnerability, experiencing the street situation. We plan to identify the adversities of their daily lives and comprehend the mechanisms of their social exclusion as well as the multiple expressions of violence that they have to face, especially acts of violence that are directly related to fact that they are women. We seek to highlight the main characteristics of the adolescents who took part of our research to apprehend their conceptions of what being a woman... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Sueli Andruccioli Félix / Coorientador: Ethel Volfzon Kominski / Banca: Tânia Sueli Antonelli Marcelino Brabo / Banca: Marisa Fefferman / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_pg_me_mar.pdf: 644369 bytes, checksum: 0dfecd45851e3fc0c4f1484c13db2e1f (MD5) / A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de refletir sobre o problema das pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social, que têm a rua como seu espaço de sociabilidade e, muitas vezes, de moradia, está longe de ser uma novidade no Brasil. Podemos encontrar registros a respeito da existência deste fenômeno e de tentativas de solucioná-lo desde os tempos do Império. Mas o problema se prolifera após o processo de industrialização, no começo do século XX, em decorrência da pobreza causada pelo desastroso adensamento urbano, sobretudo na cidade de São Paulo. Desde então a temática é amplamente abordada e discutida por juristas e membros de diversos setores da sociedade, que buscam uma solução para a questão. Porém, a heterogeneidade destes sujeitos que vivem na rua é grande: passa pelas diferentes faixas etárias (crianças, adolescente, adultos e idosos) e também pelas diferenças de gênero. Cada grupo etário apresenta especificidades. Elas se expressam em escolhas distintas quanto aos locais nos quais passam a noite estratégias de sobrevivência formas de socialização e muitos outros condicionantes da permanência na rua. Desta forma, admitindo que a sociedade possui resquícios do patriarcalismo, buscamos empreender um estudo acerca da realidade de mulheres adolescentes que estão submersas no contexto da vulnerabilidade social e na situação de rua. Procuramos identificar as adversidades do cotidiano destas adolescentes e compreender os mecanismos da exclusão social e das múltiplas violências sofridas, sobretudo daquelas que se relacionam diretamente com o fato de serem mulheres. Buscamos traçar um perfil das adolescentes que fizeram parte da pesquisa, apreender suas concepções do que é ser mulher e as suas estratégias em relação aos estigmas e aos papéis sociais femininos designados a elas. Refletimos, ainda, acerca do papel das políticas públicas... / This research seeks to analyze the problem of people who live in situations of social vulnerability. The condition of people who have the street as their space of sociability and, sometimes, of dwelling, is far from being an anomaly in Brazil. We can find records that indicate the existence of this phenomenon as well as attempts to solve it since the Empire times. However, the problem began to proliferate after the age of industrialization - which started in the beginning of 20th century - due to the poverty caused by the disastrous urban denseness, especially in the city of São Paulo. Since then this topic has been broadly broached and discussed by legislators, intellectuals, and people from different segments of society, who seek to find a solution for the problem. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of these people who live on the streets is large, and represents a diverseness that consists of different age levels (including children, adolescents, adults and elderly people) and also gender differences. Each group has its own peculiarities. These are expressed in the different choices that they make regarding the places where they spend the night, strategies for surviving, ways of socialization, and other conditionals that guarantee their stay on the streets. Thus, by admitting that Brazilian society has residual remnants of patriarchy, we endeavor to study the reality of the adolescent women who are submerged in a context of social vulnerability, experiencing the street situation. We plan to identify the adversities of their daily lives and comprehend the mechanisms of their social exclusion as well as the multiple expressions of violence that they have to face, especially acts of violence that are directly related to fact that they are women. We seek to highlight the main characteristics of the adolescents who took part of our research to apprehend their conceptions of what being a woman... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A partir da análise dos dados sobre a prática do ato infracional na cidade de Jundiaí, entre os períodos de 2000 e 2005, esta pesquisa compara esta política setorial com os índices que mensuram o nível de desenvolvimento e a qualidade de vida da população do município, desenvolvendo uma ampla reflexão acerca do problema, que é apenas parte de um problema maior que caracteriza uma nova forma de criminalidade, evidenciando crise e ruptura do sistema social liberal democrático e que se manifesta pelo confronto às instituições públicas estatais ou pela apatia em relação à participação político-democrática. A ausência e omissão do Estado em promover políticas públicas capazes de favorecer o desenvolvimento de todos pela expansão das liberdades individuais, expõe parcelas significativas da população brasileira a situações de vulnerabilidade, potencializa o problema e impõe neste momento histórico a necessidade de repactuação de um novo contrato social e da modificação das regras do jogo democrático com vistas à paz social. Neste escopo, a gestão pública do ato infracional requer que se reflita apropriadamente acerca dos vazios legais, das práticas políticas não democráticas e dos padrões culturais que subsistem historicamente na implementação dos direitos infanto-juvenis, em sua interface com os princípios e diretrizes do direito da criança e do adolescente. A descentralização político-administrativa e a municipalização do atendimento, bem como o caráter deliberativo das ações em todos os níveis pelos conselhos de direitos da criança e do adolescente, são discussões essenciais que se travam no bojo de uma discussão maior pela qual o que almeja é que o sistema econômico e o sistema político priorizem em suas pautas e ações, de modo efetivo e absoluto, a criança e o adolescente. / From the analysis of the data from practice of infrational act in city of Jundiaí, between the periods of 2000 and 2005 this resource compares this sectorial policy with the index that measure the level of development and life quality of the population of the town, developing a wide reflex regarding the problem that is only a part of a bigger problem that characterizes a new form of criminality showing crisis and rupture of the social liberal democratic system that is shown by the confronting to the state public institutions or by the apathy regarding the political democratic participation. The absences and the omission of the state in promoting public polices to favour the development of all by growth of individual liberties, exposes significant parts of the Brazilian population to vulnerable situations, potentializes the problem and inputs in this historical moment the necessity recontractuation of a new social contract and the modification of the rules of the democratic game with views to social peace. In this purpose, the public gestor of the infrational act demands that there is an appropriate review regarding legal emptiness, of the non democratic political practice and of the cultural patterns that survive historically in the criation of the infantile-juvenile rights in its relationship with the principals and purposes of the teenager\'s and child\'s rights. The political administrative decentralization and municipalization of the attending, as the deliberate character of the actions in all levels by the children?s /teenager\'s rights councils boards, are essential discussions that lock in the aim of the bigger discussion that seeks the priorization of the economical and political systems in their principals and actions in an absolute and effective way, for children and teenager\'s.

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies / The study investigates the management of traffic law in Limpopo Province with specific reference to Vhembe District and explore possible solutions to the challenges facing Vhembe District in the management of traffic law. Road transport safety, particularly enforcement of traffic laws is challenging globally, especially in developing countries, where it affects both road users and governments. Due to a number of reasons the subculture of traffic and other law enforcement agents is not always viewed in a favorable light. Media reports and newspaper articles give evidence of a total disregard for law enforcement and lack of respect for law enforcement officials. The study used both quantitative and qualitative techniques for data collection and analysis. The Quantitative techniques were mostly used in that they provided the researcher with an understanding of experiences and challenges facing traffic officers in the management of traffic law in Limpopo Province with specific reference to Vhembe District. A simple random and purposive sample was used for selection of a sample population. A purposive sampling technique will be employed in selection study participants of qualitative method. A sample of 50 traffic officers was randomly selected for the survey and 10 traffic chiefs and principals were purposively selected for the interviews. The study found that of lack of good managerial skills, lack of motivation to work, shortage of staff, lack of modern equipment and lack of training as challenges. The treatment of traffic offenses as “petty” by the Department of Justice and in particular magistrates was also identified as a major challenge. The study recommends that the Department of Transport Management should provide traffic police officials with sufficient resources and equipment at the traffic police stations in order to perform optimally. / NRF

Le présent mémoire traite de la validité des contrats d'assurance assortis des clauses base réclamation au Québec. Contrat principalement usité en assurance de responsabilité civile professionnelle, les clauses base-réclamation se démarquent également par leur attractivité économique. Il s'agit de clauses qui définissent le sinistre comme le moment à partir duquel la réclamation est portée à l'attention de l'assuré. Celle-ci doit nécessairement survenir durant la période d'effectivité du contrat sous peine d'exclusion de garantie. Cependant, les effets des clauses base-réclamation questionnent l'ordre public sur leur conformité au droit. En l'absence de précision de la part du législateur, la doctrine semble osciller entre leur reconnaissance au titre de l'affirmation de la liberté contractuelle et leur rejet au nom de la protection de la partie faible. En vrai, pour les tenants de leur validité, il s'agirait d'une réception de solution de Common Law en droit civil tandis que pour ceux qui s'y opposent il s'agit d'une affirmation des principes fondamentaux de droit civil que l'on doit défendre. Ces disharmonies concourent à l'instauration d'une insécurité juridique faisant du régime des clauses base-réclamation un régime instable. Partant du constat de la place importante qu'occupent les clauses base-réclamation dans les contrats d'assurance de responsabilité civile professionnelle et du contentieux suscité autour de leur validité, nous avons entrepris de questionner le droit civil québécois sur les conditions de validité des contrats d'assurance assortis de clauses base-réclamation. Pour ce faire, nous avons abordé l'interprétation et la qualification des clauses base-réclamation avant d'aborder leurs effets sur les droits des tiers et des assurés. / This brief deals with the validity of insurance contracts with basic claim clauses in Quebec. Contract mainly used in professional civil liability insurance; the basic-claim clauses also stand out for their economic attractiveness. These are clauses defining the loss as the moment from the claim is brought to the attention of the insured. This must necessarily occur during the period of effectiveness of the contract under penalty of exclusion of warranty. However, the effects of base-claim clauses question public policy on their compliance with the law. In the absence of precision on the part of the legislator, the doctrine seems to oscillate between their recognition under the assertion of contractual freedom and their rejection in the name of the protection of the weak party. In fact, for those who uphold their validity, it would be a question of receiving a Common Law solution in civil law, while for those who oppose it, it is an affirmation of the fundamental principles of civil law that we must defend. These disharmonies contribute to the establishment of legal uncertainty making the regime of base-claim clauses an unstable regime. Based on the observation of the important place occupied by base-claim clauses in professional civil liability insurance contracts and the litigation raised around their validity, we undertook to question Quebec civil law on the conditions of validity of contracts insurance with base-claim clauses. To do this, we discussed the interpretation and qualification of base-claim clauses before discussing their effects on the rights of third parties and policyholders.

Submitted by Gabriela Renata Rodrigues dos Santos (gabriela_rrs@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-01T16:35:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Gabriela Santos_ versaofinal_revisada1.pdf: 1477031 bytes, checksum: 06690dbbb087c5418d876194cb9a3a11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-06-01T16:47:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Gabriela Santos_ versaofinal_revisada1.pdf: 1477031 bytes, checksum: 06690dbbb087c5418d876194cb9a3a11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T13:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Gabriela Santos_ versaofinal_revisada1.pdf: 1477031 bytes, checksum: 06690dbbb087c5418d876194cb9a3a11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-25 / The purpose of this research is to analyses the professional path of black women in multinational companies in São Paulo. The research looked at the diversity polices that these companies their procedures practices and try to answer how that influence on the career path of black women. We used for theory perspective the studies of durable inequalities stablish in the organizations and in the societies of Charles Tilly (1999) associated with the theory discussion of intersectionality of oppressions that has occurred belonging the racial, gender and social class perspectives from the black feminism, consolidated for Patrícia Hill Collins (2000) and Kimberlé Crehshaw (1993), about the definitions of matrix of domination and intersectionality of oppressions from race, gender and social class perspectives. The research uses qualitative method such as life history and the method of analyses was the thematic analyses. Semi-structured questionnaire was applied with six black women worked in multinationals companies in São Paulo. We began for the analyses of the black women path in the companies and about the process, polices of diversity promotion for identify the socio-organizational aspects that interfere in their professional path; which the individual and collective strategies that women deployed for compete in the labor market and if the diversity polices implemented for the companies contribute (or not) with their professional path. Based on the analyses of the interviews with these black women the research highlights the following: the research also provides insights that most of these women they come from low social class and their path showed a mix of oppressions belongs to the racial, gender and social class characteristics and all of them had to confront in company’s environment. This environment is still homogeneous – White, masculine and upper class – hampered and putted barrier to be win for the black women for the fact that the categorical peer woman/black/poor intervene with as durable inequality, individually and collectively for their women. These durable inequalities stablish the apprehension and control to access to the productive resources in the organizations, build discrimination related and analyzed in the interviews of the black women professional path, in the basic mechanisms of perpetuation of these durable inequalities could be identify and analyses in the existence of black women in companies, in this present thesis. (TILLY, 1999). / A presente pesquisa visa analisar as trajetórias profissionais de mulheres negras em empresas multinacionais em São Paulo, atendo-se às políticas de diversidade que essas multinacionais vêm empreendendo. Trata-se de compreender se as práticas, os processos e os procedimentos de valorização da diversidade interferem na trajetória profissional dessas mulheres. A pesquisa lança mão dos estudos sobre desigualdades duráveis e a discussão que o mesmo estabelece para compreender as organizações em sociedades desiguais, como os estudos de Charles Tilly (1999). Esta perspectiva associa-se à discussão teórica da interseccionalidade de opressões, advindas dos pertencimentos racial/de gênero/de classe social; dos estudos do feminismo negro, consolidados por Patrícia Hill Collins (2000) e Kimberlé Crehshaw (1993), sobre as definições dos conceitos: de matrix de dominação e insterseccionalidade de opressões, relacionados ao pertencimento de raça, gênero e classe social. Foram realizadas entrevistas junto a seis mulheres negras que trabalham em empresas multinacionais em São Paulo. Partiu-se da análise das trajetórias delas nas empresas e dos processos, práticas e procedimentos de promoção de políticas de diversidade para identificar os aspectos sócio-organizacionais que interferem nas trajetórias dessas mulheres; quais as estratégias individuais e coletivas que elas utilizaram para competir no mercado de trabalho e, ainda, se as políticas de diversidade implementadas pelas empresas contribuíram (ou não) para suas trajetórias. A pesquisa utilizou a história de vida como abordagem metodológica qualitativa e, como análise de conteúdo, o método de exame das entrevistas. Alguns dos principais resultados encontrados indicam que a maioria das mulheres negras entrevistadas advém de classes sociais baixas e suas trajetórias apresentam um mix de opressões, resultantes do pertencimento racial, de gênero e classe social; aspectos presentes no âmbito das empresas. Tais espaços ainda são homogêneos – brancos, masculinos e ricos – dificultando e impondo barreiras a serem vencidas pelas mulheres negras, devido ao trio categórico mulher/negra/pobre se interpor como uma desigualdade durável, não só individualmente, mas também de forma grupal para estas mulheres. Essas desigualdades duráveis estabeleceram a detenção e controle ao acesso de recursos produtivos nas organizações, criando distinções narradas e analisadas nas trajetórias profissionais das mulheres negras entrevistadas, nos quais os mecanismos básicos de perpetuação destas desigualdades duráveis puderam ser identificados e analisados no caso da vivência profissional de mulheres negras em empresas. (TILLY, 1999).