Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vasconcelos_acca_me_mar.pdf: 339426 bytes, checksum: de71b89a5cc393fdb9681e4204921bb8 (MD5) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar as dimensões da proposta oficial de reforço escolar e estudos de recuperação de aprendizagem, no município de Araçatuba-SP, envolvendo o processo de formulação e os elementos que compõem a implementação desta proposta em escolas do ensino fundamental. Os estudos de recuperação e reforço foram instituídos pela Lei Federal 5.692/71 e sofrem diversas alterações e adaptações ao longo das décadas de 1980 e 1990. Com o processo de municipalização do ensino, desencadeado a partir da EC nº 14/96 e da LDB 9.394/96, esses estudos são de responsabilidade das respectivas redes municipais. O Projeto de Reforço e Recuperação, o PRR, é uma ação da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, regulamentada, então, por uma resolução própria, voltada para o atendimento de todos os alunos das primeiras séries do ensino fundamental que apresentam defasagens no processo de aprendizagem. Ao optar por uma abordagem qualitativa, investigou-se duas escolas de ensino fundamental desta rede, focalizando o funcionamento do reforço e da recuperação em diferentes realidades. Foi constatado um claro processo de ressignificação e apropriação da proposta oficial, que reelabora o discurso normativo, realizando adaptações em função do contexto particular de cada unidade escolar investigada. Cada escola realiza essa leitura em função de vários aspectos, dentre eles a sua própria organização; a maneira como são encaminhadas as ações pelos seus integrantes, no contexto escolar; e a relação entre a administração central e local. / The aim of this essay is to analyze the dimensions of the official proposal of school’s reinforcement and learning recuperation studies, in the city of Araçatuba-SP, involving the process of formulation and the elements that constitute an implementation of that proposal in regular schools. The recuperation and reinforcement studies were instituted by Federal Law 5.692/71 and have been changed and adapted through the decades of 1980 and 1990. With the process of municipalization of education, due the LDB 9.394/96, these studies are the municipal educational system total responsibility. The Reinforcement and Recuperation Project, PRR, is an action of the Municipal Educational System, regulated by its own resolution, with the goal of attending all the students of the first years of elementary school that show difficulty in the learning process. Through a qualitative approach, two municipal elementary schools have been investigated, to show how the reinforcement and the recuperation work in different realities. A clear process of significance and appropriation of the official proposal was stated, which rebuilds the normative speech, getting adapted by the private context of each particular unit of the investigated school. Each school understands the process by several features among them, its own organization, how the school members interact within the scholar context and regarding to local and central administration.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElizaMAV.pdf: 1730672 bytes, checksum: 35e40a54bb83db5cd0a3a5dcdde9994a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The study made in this thesis analyzes the new form of work organization at the urban collective transportation sector, so called Altemative Transportation which is a new form of public transportation that appears in the Brazilian urban context by the mid ninety' s, this work is made by independent or sub-contracted workers, usually organized in cooperatives . It reflects the investigation of new forms of precarious work, unformal which has been expanding in the urban transportation sector. Thus, discusses non regulation of the services sector problem the ways of survival of exc1uded workers from the formal work market mainly afier the capital productive restructure. It has as privileged area of investigation, the sector policy of urban transportation that make field of the main nets of political articulations that define the dynamic of the urban space. It is known that the urban collective transportation allows the access to the production, circulation and general consumption being necessary to the mobility of the resident population, mainly to those with low purchasing capacity. It becomes a field of empirical investigation at the Belem municipal, located at the Amazonic region - north Brazil. The main points dealed on this research start from concrete relations from the daily life of workers that deve1op their activity on the altemative transport mediated with theoretical references needed for understanding and interpretation of the studied reality. The investigation strategies were built from the abstract (theorical knowledge produced for the reality analyze) in concrete by the investigation quantitative-qualitative from this area of urban policy, making up possible the formation of a references chart to the analyses of the studied subject. Rescue his historicity, from characterization of the urban space of the metropolitan region of Belem passing true the forms of organization and urban services performances while essential production and reproduction element of the social relations. Identifies the main individuals that historically have been participating in the construction of the municipality transport policy and the ways of expression of the local political strength relations. Outstand the State paper on the net of established relations near the local power, as well as outstand the importance of social sciences in the understanding of urban policies in the transportation area, trying to bring input to the academicals -scientific debate .The above e1ected and mentioned points in this study are crucial for a critical reflection of the transportation policies. That relation is not given, but historically built at the power relation chart that makes up this unique area of the urban policies / O estudo realizado nesta tese analisa as novas formas de organiza??o do trabalho no setor de transporte coletivo urbano, o chamado Transporte Alternativo que ? uma nova modalidade de transporte p?blico que surge nos contextos urbanos brasileiro nos meados da d?cada de noventa, cuja presta??o do servi?o ? operacionalizado por trabalhadores aut?nomos ou subcontratado, em geral organizado em cooperativas. Trata-se de investiga??o das novas formas de trabalho prec?rio, informal que vem se expandindo no setor de transporte urbano. Portanto, discute a desregulamenta??o do setor de servi?os e problematiza as formas de sobreviv?ncia de trabalhadores exclu?dos do mercado formal de trabalho principalmente a partir da reestrutura??o produtiva do capital. Tem como ?rea privilegiada de investiga??o, a pol?tica setorial de transporte urbano que constitu? campo das principais redes de articula??es pol?ticas definidoras da din?mica do espa?o urbano. Sabe-se que o transporte coletivo urbano possibilita o acesso ? produ??o, circula??o e consumo em geral, sendo necess?rio ? mobilidade da popula??o residente, principalmente aquela de baixo poder aquisitivo. Toma-se como campo de investiga??o emp?rica o Munic?pio de Bel?m, localizado na Regi?o Amaz?nica - Norte do Brasil. Os pontos principais tratados nesta pesquisa partem das rela??es concretas do cotidiano de trabalhadores que desenvolvem sua atividade no Transporte Alternativo mediados com referenciais te?ricos necess?rios ? compreens?o e interpreta??o da realidade estudada. As estrat?gias de investiga??o foram constru?das do abstrato (conhecimentos te?rico produzidos para an?lise da realidade) ao concreto atrav?s da investiga??o quantitativo-qualitativa desta ?rea das pol?ticas urbanas, possibilitando a forma??o de um quadro de referencias para a an?lise do objeto estudado. Resgata a sua historicidade, a partir da caracteriza??o do espa?o urbano da Regi?o Metropolitana de Bel?m perpassando pelas formas de organiza??o e presta??o de servi?o de transporte enquanto elemento essencial de produ??o e reprodu??o das rela??es sociais. Identifica os principais sujeitos que historicamente vem participando da constru??o da pol?tica de transporte municipal e a formas de express?o das rela??es de for?as pol?ticas local. Destaca o papel do Estado na rede de rela??es estabelecidas junto ao poder local, bem como destaca a import?ncia das Ci?ncias Sociais no entendimento das pol?ticas urbanas na ?rea de transporte, buscando trazer contribui??es para pra o debate acad?mico-cient?fico. Os pontos mencionados e elegidos neste estudo s?o fundamentais a uma reflex?o cr?tica da pol?tica de transporte. Essa rela??o n?o ? dada, mas constru?da historicamente no quadro de rela??es de for?as que comp?em esta ?rea privilegiada das pol?ticas urbanas

A dissertação analisa as reformas no setor de inteligência governamental promovidas após a chamada Primavera Árabe em três países árabes e norte-africanos – Egito, Argélia e Tunísia –, especialmente aquelas empreendidas no âmbito das agências de inteligência reconhecidas enquanto polícias políticas: aquelas responsáveis pela repressão interna, as quais atuam politicamente, contando com margens de autonomia e com capacidade de penetração entre os quadros da sociedade civil. O objetivo é contrariar o argumento levantado por diversos analistas, que afirmam que tais países conheceram, no pós-Primavera, a verdadeiras mudanças de regime. Nossa hipótese de pesquisa é justamente a manutenção dos principais elementos definidores dos regimes anteriores às manifestações populares de 2010 e 2011, notadamente do papel político a cargo das forças de segurança e da atuação política das agências de inteligência, os quais não permitem que argumentemos pela mudança dos regimes. Para tanto, promovemos uma análise das dinâmicas históricas destes países, atentando especialmente para os momentos de criação e de mutação/reforma destas agências. Metodologicamente, portanto, nos inscrevemos em uma abordagem histórico-comparativa. Finalmente, a maneira como as agências analisadas foram reformadas, sem o estabelecimento de medidas de transparência, ou de controles externos aos serviços de inteligência, parece confirmar nossa hipótese de pesquisa. / The monograph analyzes the reform in the intelligence sector promoted after the so-called Arab Spring in three Arab and North African countries – Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia – especially those undertaken within the framework of the intelligence agencies recognized as political polices: those responsible for internal repression, who acted politically, counting on marginal autonomy and with the capacity for penetration among the cadres of civil society. Our aim is to contradict the argument put forward by several analysts, who affirm that those countries experienced, in the post-Arab Spring, real processes of regime changes. Our hypothesis is precisely the maintenance of key elements which defined the regimes prior to the popular demonstrations of 2010 and 2011, notably the political role of the security forces and the politicization of the intelligence agencies, which do not allow us to argue for the regime‟s changes. To do so, we promote an analysis of the historical dynamics of these countries, paying special attention to the creation and mutation/reform of the intelligence agencies. Methodologically, therefore, we subscribe to a historical-comparative approach. Finally, the way in which the agencies analyzed have been reformed, without the establishment of transparency measures or external controls of the intelligence services, seems to confirm our hypothesis.

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as ambivalências na implementação das políticas de Segurança Pública no Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 1995 a 2002, que abrange os governos de Antônio Britto e Olívio Dutra, bem como duas dimensões que perpassaram ambos os governos: as modificações nas funções da Brigada Militar, que passou a realizar Termos Circunstanciados de fatos delitivos ou conflitivos e o novo papel dos Municípios na Segurança Pública. A análise dos momentos de transformação pelos quais passou o país na área da Segurança Pública possibilitou reconstruir o campo de conflitos da segurança pública, analisando os vários agentes institucionais, as propostas de ação e as ambivalências nas práticas desenvolvidas nesse período. No período da Ditadura Militar tivemos a publicação das legislações penais, passando pelas Constituições de 1967 e 1969. Na Constituição Federal de 1988, o artigo nº 144 prevê a composição e competência das polícias no Brasil. A Segurança Pública passou a ter um novo enfoque, voltado para a manutenção da ordem pública interna, mas ainda permanece a ideia de uma segurança pública voltada para os interesses da segurança nacional e do Estado. No Brasil, existem experiências diversas de uma polícia cidadã. No Rio Grande do Sul, os governos de Antônio Britto e de Olívio Dutra buscaram, de modos diferentes, desenvolver políticas sérias para a área. O governo de Antônio Britto desenvolveu ações de reestruturação da área da segurança pública. A criação de uma secretaria estadual específica para tratar do tema; a transformação do Departamento Estadual de Trânsito em autarquia vinculada à Secretaria de Segurança; a abertura significativa de vagas no sistema prisional, aliado ao ingresso da Polícia Militar na administração interna das cadeias foram decisões que ainda hoje repercutem no segmento da segurança pública e na sociedade em geral. As transformações realizadas na Brigada Militar alteraram a carreira dos policiais, modificaram a hierarquia, a forma e as exigências de ingresso dos oficiais por meio da obrigatoriedade da graduação em Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais. Apesar das profundas transformações estruturais feitas no governo Britto, o desenvolvimento de um novo modelo de polícia não teve muitos avanços. As transformações protagonizadas durante o governo de Olívio Dutra tiveram um papel importante para a mudança da concepção do trabalho policial. Houve a preocupação em desenvolver ações que mostrassem um novo modelo de polícia: o policial como agente de segurança do cidadão, com a compreensão de que a atividade de segurança pública é uma atividade essencial à democracia. A prática do governo Olívio preocupou-se também com a qualificação dos servidores e com o reconhecimento da importância dos agentes da segurança. Na época, autorizou o pagamento de horas-extras; a criação de um serviço transdisciplinar de saúde mental para os servidores ativos; a realização do Termo Circunstanciado pela Brigada Militar, em um período de profundas mudanças e francos debates na sociedade gaúcha. A busca da participação popular para pensar e contribuir com essa política pública foi constante. O ingresso de novos atores no cenário da segurança pública também foi objeto do estudo. Com a crescente onda de criminalidade e violência existente, em especial nos grandes centros, ressurgiu a figura importante das guardas municipais. A Guarda Municipal de Porto Alegre, além de realizar a garantia do patrimônio, passou a garantir o acesso aos serviços públicos do município, como escolas, postos de saúde, entre outros. A mudança na Guarda de Porto Alegre foi reflexo das exigências dos munícipes em relação ao tema da segurança pública. Também a União Federal passou a se envolver nas questões da segurança. Os diversos atores e as variadas ações nos conduzem a um novo patamar no debate público e na interpretação sociológica do campo da Segurança Pública e Sociedade no Brasil. / The aim of this study is to analyze the ambivalences in the implementation of public safety policies in Rio Grande do Sul during the period between 1995 and 2002, encompassing the Administrations of former Governors Antônio Britto and Olívio Dutra, as well as two dimensions that guided both Administrations: 1) the modifications in the functions of the Military Police, the so called Military Brigade, which started to submit Circumstantial Reports of criminal or conflictual facts, and 2) the new role of municipalities in public safety. The analysis of the transformation moments experienced in the area of public safety in Brazil during this period gave the possibility to rebuild the field of conflicts over the area of public safety, in studying several institutional agents, the actions propositions and the ambivalences of the developed practices during this period. Throughout the last military dictatorship, Brazil had the publication of its penal legislation, as well as the new Constitutions of 1964 and 1969. In the Constitution of 1988, the Article 144 foresees the composition and the competencies of Brazils polices. Public safety began to have a new focus, oriented to the maintenance of intern public order. However, it is still present the idea of a model of public safety focused on the interests in the security of the national State. In Brazil, there are several experiences of the so called citizen police force. In Rio Grande do Sul, the Administrations of Antonio Britto and Olívio Dutra aimed to develop in different ways serious policies in this area. The Britto Administration developed actions to redesign the area of public through the creation of a particular state department to deal with this field, the transformation of the State Department of Transportation in an autarchy bounded with the new State Department of Public Safety, and through the major opening of places in the prison system allied to the entrance of the Military Police into the intern administration of prisons. These were important decisions that still reverberate nowadays through the field of public safety and society in general. The transformations carried out in the Military Brigade changed the careers of its police officers, modified the organization‟s hierarchy, as well as the form and the requirements to be eligible for admission to the higher echelons of the institution, due to the obligatoriness of possessing a law degree. Despite the deep structural transformations made during the Britto Administration, the development of a new police model has not had a large number of advancements. The transformations implemented during the Olívio Dutra Administration had an important role to change the conception of the police work. There was a concern in developing actions that reflected a new policing model: the police officer has become an agent of the citizen safety, with the understanding that the public safety activity is an essential activity to democracy. The practice of the Olívio Administration was also concerned about the qualification of public servants and the recognition of the importance of safety agents. In a period of profound changes and open debates in the local society, this Administration allowed the payment of extra-hours and the creation of a transdisciplinary mental health service for public servants, as well as the submitting of the so called Circumstantial Report by the Military Brigade. The pursuit of popular participation in order to think and contribute to this public policy was constant. The entrance of new actors into the scenario of public safety is also object of this study. With the growing wave of criminality and violence, in special in the major urban areas, emerges the important figure of the Municipal Guards. The Municipal Guard of Porto Alegre, besides guaranteeing the security of public patrimony, also began to ensure access to the general population to public services of the municipality, like schools, health centers, among others. The transformations in the Guard of Porto Alegre were a reflection of the exigencies of the citizens in the field of public safety. Moreover, the Federal Government started to get deeply involved in public safety issues. The role of different actors and the diverse actions implemented lead to a new level of public debate and sociological interpretation in the field of Public Safety and Society in Brazil.

Dans le but d’améliorer l’accès au traitement pour les patients souffrant des maladies rares, les gouvernements de certains pays ont mis en place une législation ‘orpheline’ dont le but est d’aider à promouvoir la recherche dans ce secteur. En conséquence, le nombre de médicaments orphelins approuvés a significativement augmenté et continue de croître. Cependant, beaucoup de questions restent encore sans réponses. Les coûts par patients élevés, le manque de connaissance sur les maladies, et d’autres spécificités des médicaments orphelins font obstacle à l’utilisation de méthodes d’évaluations standards. L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les critères qui permettraient de déterminer la valeur des médicaments orphelins et les préférences de la société vis-à-vis de ces critères.Dans la première phase de l’étude, un état de l’art du marché des médicaments orphelins a été mené. Les défis associés tant à la recherche & développement qu’à l’évaluation des médicaments pour les maladies rares ont été décrits et classifiés. Une revue de toutes les autorisations de mise sur le marché pour les médicaments orphelins en Europe, ainsi que du marché des médicaments orphelins en France, en Italie, en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles a été réalisée. La disponibilité des médicaments orphelins, leur prix et leur remboursement, ainsi que les détails de l’évaluation par les autorités de santé ont été analysés.Dans la seconde phase de l’étude, une revue de littérature a été effectuée afin d’identifier les déterminants potentiels de la valeur des médicaments orphelins. L’impact de certains de ces attributs - dont le choix a été fait en fonction de la disponibilité des données - sur les prix des médicaments orphelins en France, en Italie, en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles a été exploré à l’aide d’une analyse de régression.Enfin, une enquête en ligne a été menée auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de la population française, afin d’étudier ses préférences relatives à certains attributs, sélectionnés au préalable. La liste de déterminants a été développée en se fondant sur un groupe de discussion et des interviews avec des experts. La méthode de l’enquête a suivi la structure d’un questionnaire à choix discrets et a permis d’estimer les poids relatifs des déterminants étudiés.L’étude a permis d’identifier les caractéristiques des médicaments orphelins qui sont le plus appréciées par la société. Ces résultats pourraient être pris en considération dans la méthode d’évaluation des médicaments orphelins, afin de la rendre plus transparente et robuste. / In order to improve the access to treatment for patients suffering from rare diseases, the governments of several countries put in place specific ‘orphan’ legislation aiming at promoting research in the field. In response to these measures, the number of approved orphan drugs has dramatically increased and continues to grow. Nevertheless, a number of issues remain unresolved. Thus, high per-patient costs, poor knowledge of the diseases and other specificities of medicines for rare diseases make it impossible to apply standard methods of health technology assessment to orphan drugs. The objective of the present research was to identify the criteria that determine the value of orphan drugs and study public preferences regarding these criteria.In the first phase of the research, a detailed review was conducted of the current situation on orphan drug market. Challenges related to the development and appraisal of orphan drugs were described and catalogued. A review was carried out of all approvals of orphan drugs in Europe, as well as of orphan drug markets in France, Italy and England and Wales. Orphan drug availability, price and reimbursement status, as well as the details of assessment were analysed.In the second phase, a literature review was conducted to identify potential determinants of orphan drug value. The impact of some of these determinants (choice was based on the availability of data) on orphan drug prices in France, Italy and England and Wales was then explored in a regression analysis.Finally, preferences of French general population in relation to the most relevant determinants of orphan drug value were analysed using an online survey. The list of determinants was developed based on a focus group and expert interviews. The survey was designed as a discrete choice experiment and allowed estimating relative weights of the included determinants.The study allowed identification of orphan drug characteristics that are most valued by the society. Its results may be taken into consideration in drug appraisal process in order to enable a fair assessment and pricing of orphan drugs.

Users of systems can be divided into three broad userroles: patients, general public, and healthcare workers. Theseuser roles has differing perspectivesand motivation on security. Polices are structures who actproactively to prevent or minimizesecurity threats, these methods are simple yet effective toensure security. Braun och Clarke (2006)model for thematic analysis were used to analyze the data.The results from the analysis was that theinformants have a good understanding of what soft securityarchitecture is and how their actionsaffect it. The conclusion of this study are that nurses have agood understanding of the soft securityarchitecture, what to do and not to do to maintain security / Användare av system kan delas in i tre breda roller: patienter,allmänheten ochsjukvårdspersonal. Dessa användarroller har olika perspektivoch motivation för säkerhet. Policys ärstrukturer som agerar proaktivt för att förhindra ellerminimera säkerhetshot, dessa metoder äreffektiva för att skapa säkerhet. Braun och Clarke (2006)modell för tematisk analys användes föratt analysera samtlig data. Resultatet från analyseringen varatt informanterna under majoriteten avtiden var i linje med teorin samt har en god förståelse av mjuksäkerhetsarkitektur och hur derashandlingar påverkar säkerheten. Slutsatsen för studien var attsjuksköterskor har en god förståelseav mjuk säkerhetsarkitektur, vad man ska och inte ska göraför att bibehålla säkerheten. Däremotsker aktiva överträdelser av säkerheten när en ”gråzon”identifieras.

A partir da análise dos dados sobre a prática do ato infracional na cidade de Jundiaí, entre os períodos de 2000 e 2005, esta pesquisa compara esta política setorial com os índices que mensuram o nível de desenvolvimento e a qualidade de vida da população do município, desenvolvendo uma ampla reflexão acerca do problema, que é apenas parte de um problema maior que caracteriza uma nova forma de criminalidade, evidenciando crise e ruptura do sistema social liberal democrático e que se manifesta pelo confronto às instituições públicas estatais ou pela apatia em relação à participação político-democrática. A ausência e omissão do Estado em promover políticas públicas capazes de favorecer o desenvolvimento de todos pela expansão das liberdades individuais, expõe parcelas significativas da população brasileira a situações de vulnerabilidade, potencializa o problema e impõe neste momento histórico a necessidade de repactuação de um novo contrato social e da modificação das regras do jogo democrático com vistas à paz social. Neste escopo, a gestão pública do ato infracional requer que se reflita apropriadamente acerca dos vazios legais, das práticas políticas não democráticas e dos padrões culturais que subsistem historicamente na implementação dos direitos infanto-juvenis, em sua interface com os princípios e diretrizes do direito da criança e do adolescente. A descentralização político-administrativa e a municipalização do atendimento, bem como o caráter deliberativo das ações em todos os níveis pelos conselhos de direitos da criança e do adolescente, são discussões essenciais que se travam no bojo de uma discussão maior pela qual o que almeja é que o sistema econômico e o sistema político priorizem em suas pautas e ações, de modo efetivo e absoluto, a criança e o adolescente. / From the analysis of the data from practice of infrational act in city of Jundiaí, between the periods of 2000 and 2005 this resource compares this sectorial policy with the index that measure the level of development and life quality of the population of the town, developing a wide reflex regarding the problem that is only a part of a bigger problem that characterizes a new form of criminality showing crisis and rupture of the social liberal democratic system that is shown by the confronting to the state public institutions or by the apathy regarding the political democratic participation. The absences and the omission of the state in promoting public polices to favour the development of all by growth of individual liberties, exposes significant parts of the Brazilian population to vulnerable situations, potentializes the problem and inputs in this historical moment the necessity recontractuation of a new social contract and the modification of the rules of the democratic game with views to social peace. In this purpose, the public gestor of the infrational act demands that there is an appropriate review regarding legal emptiness, of the non democratic political practice and of the cultural patterns that survive historically in the criation of the infantile-juvenile rights in its relationship with the principals and purposes of the teenager\'s and child\'s rights. The political administrative decentralization and municipalization of the attending, as the deliberate character of the actions in all levels by the children?s /teenager\'s rights councils boards, are essential discussions that lock in the aim of the bigger discussion that seeks the priorization of the economical and political systems in their principals and actions in an absolute and effective way, for children and teenager\'s.

Esta dissertação analisa as experiências dos movimentos de moradia e semteto que reivindicam políticas habitacionais para a população de baixa renda na área central da cidade de São Paulo. Indaga-se em que medida a sua principal estratégia de pressão as ocupações de imóveis ociosos inseriu novos critérios de julgamento nos debates sobre a reabilitação da área central, o que inclui o direito das camadas pobres habitarem uma região consolidada da cidade. A investigação recorreu à pesquisa bibliográfica, documental (em jornais e nos arquivos dos movimentos) e de campo (visita aos prédios ocupados), bem como a entrevistas com os coordenadores dos movimentos de moradia e sem-teto. Foram identificadas mais de setenta ocupações de prédios e terrenos vazios, públicos e privados, realizados entre 1997 e 2007. Confirmou-se a hipótese de que os movimentos de moradia e sem-teto conseguiram expor suas reivindicações, viabilizar a inclusão de parcela dos seus integrantes em diferentes linhas de atendimento habitacional e se tornar protagonistas de projetos inéditos de reforma e reciclagem de imóveis abandonados na área central para o uso residencial. Entretanto, a despeito dessas conquistas, a postura do poder público frente às suas demandas alternou-se entre, de um lado, o uso da violência institucional, que silencia e desqualifica as formas de dissenso, e, de outro lado, o desenvolvimento de políticas que permaneceram afastadas da perspectiva de universalização de direitos. / This paper analyses the experiences of homeless movements claiming housing polices for people on low-income in the central area of the city of São Paulo. It inquires about to what extent their main strategy of pressure the squatting introduced new criteria for judging in discussions on the rehabilitation in the central area, which included the poor peoples rights to inhabit a consolidated region of the city. The investigation consisted of researches in literature, documents (newspapers and the movements archives) and field investigation (visit to the occupied buildings), as well as interviews with the coordinators of the homeless movements. More than 70 squatterisms in empty buildings and lands, public and private, which happened between 1997 and 2007, were identified. It also confirms the hypothesis that the homeless movements managed to express their demands, facilitate the assistance of a portion of its members in different lines of residential care and become protagonists in unprecedented programs for the remodeling and recycling of abandoned buildings for residential use in the central area. Nevertheless, despite these conquers, the posture of governmental agencies to face up to their demands alternated between, on one side, the use of institutional violence, which silences and disqualifies the forms of dissent, and, on the other side, the development of polices that remained away from the idea of universalization of rights.

Esta dissertação analisa as experiências dos movimentos de moradia e semteto que reivindicam políticas habitacionais para a população de baixa renda na área central da cidade de São Paulo. Indaga-se em que medida a sua principal estratégia de pressão as ocupações de imóveis ociosos inseriu novos critérios de julgamento nos debates sobre a reabilitação da área central, o que inclui o direito das camadas pobres habitarem uma região consolidada da cidade. A investigação recorreu à pesquisa bibliográfica, documental (em jornais e nos arquivos dos movimentos) e de campo (visita aos prédios ocupados), bem como a entrevistas com os coordenadores dos movimentos de moradia e sem-teto. Foram identificadas mais de setenta ocupações de prédios e terrenos vazios, públicos e privados, realizados entre 1997 e 2007. Confirmou-se a hipótese de que os movimentos de moradia e sem-teto conseguiram expor suas reivindicações, viabilizar a inclusão de parcela dos seus integrantes em diferentes linhas de atendimento habitacional e se tornar protagonistas de projetos inéditos de reforma e reciclagem de imóveis abandonados na área central para o uso residencial. Entretanto, a despeito dessas conquistas, a postura do poder público frente às suas demandas alternou-se entre, de um lado, o uso da violência institucional, que silencia e desqualifica as formas de dissenso, e, de outro lado, o desenvolvimento de políticas que permaneceram afastadas da perspectiva de universalização de direitos. / This paper analyses the experiences of homeless movements claiming housing polices for people on low-income in the central area of the city of São Paulo. It inquires about to what extent their main strategy of pressure the squatting introduced new criteria for judging in discussions on the rehabilitation in the central area, which included the poor peoples rights to inhabit a consolidated region of the city. The investigation consisted of researches in literature, documents (newspapers and the movements archives) and field investigation (visit to the occupied buildings), as well as interviews with the coordinators of the homeless movements. More than 70 squatterisms in empty buildings and lands, public and private, which happened between 1997 and 2007, were identified. It also confirms the hypothesis that the homeless movements managed to express their demands, facilitate the assistance of a portion of its members in different lines of residential care and become protagonists in unprecedented programs for the remodeling and recycling of abandoned buildings for residential use in the central area. Nevertheless, despite these conquers, the posture of governmental agencies to face up to their demands alternated between, on one side, the use of institutional violence, which silences and disqualifies the forms of dissent, and, on the other side, the development of polices that remained away from the idea of universalization of rights.

Informationssäkerhet är ett område som kommit att sättas alltmer i fokus hos organisationer. Tidigare har främst tekniska lösningar för att skydda viktig information fått uppmärksamhet, det är först på senare tid som informationssäkerhet har börjat uppfattas som ett komplext område som innefattar såväl tekniska, som organisatoriska och mänskliga faktorer. För att eftersträva en god informationssäkerhet inom organisationen bör ett grundligt arbete läggas på att utveckla informationssäkerhetspolicys och säkerhetsansvariga måste kontinuerligt utbilda och skapa medvetenhet hos anställda kring vilka hot som finns mot organisationen ifall informationssäkerhetsbestämmelser inte efterlevs. Huvudsyftet i föreliggande studie har varit att undersöka vilka faktorer som styr anställdas efterlevnad av informationssäkerhetspolicys. Ytterligare delsyfte har varit att undersöka hur den faktiska efterlevnaden av informationssäkerhetsbestämmelser avspeglar sig inom två vårdverksamheter i Landstinget i Östergötland. För att uppfylla studiens syfte har fallstudier genomförts där såväl observationer som intervjuer med personal legat till grund för datainsamlingen. Resultatet visar att säkerhetsmedvetandet och efterlevnaden av säkerhetsbestämmelser inom de undersökta organisationerna är tämligen god, men det finns skillnader i graden av efterlevnad. Resultaten visar att anställda i viss mån hoppar över säkerhetsbestämmelser för att effektivisera sitt arbete. Den vanligaste säkerhetsbestämmelsen som visade på bristande efterlevnad var att en del anställda slarvade med att logga ut eller låsa datorn då denna lämnades oövervakad. Faktorer som visat sig vara avgörande för ifall säkerhetsbestämmelser efterlevs eller inte är bland annat ifall den anställde anser att beteendet övervakas, hur väl medveten man är kring konsekvensen av att säkerhetsbestämmelser inte efterlevs, samt hur stor sannolikhet man anser det vara att hotet realiseras. Ytterligare faktorer som visat sig spela roll är ifall den anställde anser att säkerhetsbestämmelsen ligger i konflikt med andra intressen, såsom effektivitet eller bekvämlighet. För att kunna införa effektiva policyåtgärder krävs det därmed att policyutvecklare förstår vad som motiverar anställda till att följa säkerhetsbestämmelser och vilka värderingar som ligger bakom deras beteende. / Information security has grown into a field of study that has gained increasingly attention within organizations. In the early days focus of the field has primerly been on technical solutions in order to protect information. Only recently information security has come to be seen as a complex area including both technical, organizational and human factors. In order to strive for a high degree of information security within the organization, emphasis has to be placed on developing a functional information security policy. Just as important is that security managers continually educate and create awareness amongst employees with regards to existing threats if information security rules are not respected. The main purpose in regards to this study has been to investigate the determinants of employees' compliance with information security policies. A further aim of the study has been to examine how the actual compliance of information security regulations is reflected in two healthcare clinics in the county council of Östergötland. In order to fulfill the purpose of the study, case studies were carried out in the clinics, where both filed studies and interviews with staff members formed the basis for data collection. The results show that security awareness and compliance with safety regulations within the surveyed organizations are fairly good, but there are differences in the level of compliance. The results show that employees to some degree overlook safety rules in order to make their work more efficient. The most common security rule that showed non-compliance was where employees occasionally did not logg off or lock the computer as it was left unattended. Determinants that showed to have an influence on whether or not employees comply with information security policys are among other factors to what extent the employee belives that the behavior is being monitored, awareness about conseqences from not complying with the security rules, as well as to what extent one belives that the actual threat occurs. Additional determinants that were found to have an influence on the actual behavior with regards to compliance is to what extent the employee considers the regulations to be in conflict with other interests, such as efficiency or convenience. In order to introduce effective policy measures knowledge is needed where policy makers understand what motivates employees to comply with safety rules, as well as the values that underlie their behavior.