Thèse en cotutelle : Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université Toulouse 1 Capitole Toulouse, France / En plus des impératifs de l'ordre public et la morale, la technique et le fonctionnement de l'assurance ne permettent pas de garantir tous les risques susceptibles d'être présentés à l'assureur. En tant que technique de gestion des risques par mutualisation, il ne peut y avoir d'assurance sans exclusion de garantie et ce, aussi bien en droit français qu'en droit québécois. La fonction de cette exclusion de garantie est de fixer les limites de l'assurabilité du risque à travers les exclusions légales et délimiter l'étendue de la garantie à travers les exclusions conventionnelles. C'est pourquoi tout contrat d'assurance comporte nécessairement des clauses d'exclusion conventionnelle de garantie qui viennent s'ajouter aux exclusions prévues par la loi. Mais malgré sa nécessité pour la technique et bon fonctionnement de l'assurance, la notion d'exclusion n'est pas définie par les législateurs français et québécois. Ce qui dans la pratique, rend difficile la distinction entre exclusion de garantie et les notions voisines comme la condition de garantie et la clause définissant le risque couvert. En outre, malgré le fait que le régime juridique de l'exclusion de garantie résulte principalement de la loi, son caractère contraignant et son application généralisée fait qu'il se retrouve à son tour au cœur des débats sur la qualification d'exclusion de garantie. C'est à la lumière de ce constat et à contre-courant d'un mouvement général de confusion et d'incompréhension, qu'a été réalisée cette thèse. La première partie consacrée à la détermination de la raison d'être de l'exclusion de garantie, a permis de démontrer qu'elle est à la fois un effet de la technique d'assurance et une nécessité pour son bon fonctionnement. Quant à la seconde partie qui est consacrée aux difficultés et perspectives de solutions de l'exclusion de garantie, elle a permis de mettre en lumière ses lacunes pour lesquelles des solutions ont été envisagées. / In addition to the requirements of public order and morality, the technique and operation of insurance do not cover all the risks that may be presented to the insurer. As a technique of risk management by mutualisation, there can be no insurance without exclusion of guarantee, both in French law and in Quebec law. The function of this exclusion of cover is to set the limits of the insurability of the risk through the legal exclusions and to delimit the scope of the cover through the conventional exclusions. This is why any insurance contract necessarily includes contractual exclusion clauses in addition to the exclusions provided for by law. However, despite its need for the technical and proper functioning of insurance, French and Quebec legislators do not define the notion of exclusion. In practice, this makes it difficult to distinguish between exclusion of guarantee and related concepts such as the guarantee condition and the clause defining the risk covered. In addition, despite the fact that the legal regime governing the exclusion of warranty results mainly from the law, its binding nature and its generalized application means that it in turn finds itself at the heart of the debates on the qualification of exclusion of warranty. It is in the light of this observation and against a general trend of confusion and misunderstanding that this thesis was carried out. The first part devoted to determining the reason for the exclusion of warranty, demonstrated that it is both an effect of the insurance technique and a necessity for its proper functioning. As for the second part, which is devoted to the difficulties and prospects for solutions to the exclusion of warranty, it has made it possible to highlight its shortcomings for which solutions have been considered.

Esta dissertação discute as ações do poder público no tocante à localização dos conjuntos habitacionais de interesse social e sua relação com a expansão urbana e criação de espaços segregados na malha urbana da cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Para isso foi elaborado, primeiramente, um histórico das políticas públicas voltadas para habitação social no Brasil, que serviu de subsídio para compreensão dos momentos e características da política desenvolvida no âmbito local. Posteriormente foi elaborado um resgate histórico da gestão desta política em Aracaju, que foi dividido em dois momentos: o primeiro cujo principal interventor urbano e gestor das políticas habitacionais foi o Governo do Estado e o seguinte quando a Prefeitura Municipal assumiu este papel. A partir dos dados obtidos por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, de campo e entrevistas, e da elaboração de tabelas e mapas, nota-se que a escolha da localização dos conjuntos, por parte do poder público, impulsionou o crescimento urbano de Aracaju, criando novos eixos de expansão urbana horizontal, sem que houvesse um planejamento ou prévia estruturação destas áreas. A contribuição da presente pesquisa está na apresentação e sistematização das ações do poder público referentes à localização dos conjuntos habitacionais em Aracaju e sua vinculação com a expansão urbana do município, gerando espaços segregados socialmente. Além disso, possibilita uma reflexão crítica sobre a influência da localização habitacional no desenvolvimento urbano de Aracaju. / The subject to be discussed in this work is the manner how actions of public policies of location of social interest housing have inducted urban sprawl as well as have given rise to socially segregated urban spots in the city of Aracaju, the capital of Sergipe. First of all, a report progress was made of public policies concerned with social interest housing in Brazil, which has contributed to an understanding of the steps and characteristics of local public policies. Then another report progress was made of mentioned public policies in Aracaju, which was divided in two parts: the first one is related to the mentioned actions of the State Government, while the second is related to the mentioned actions of the Municipality. Based on the data obtained from bibliographies, documentary as well as from field research, interviews, and elaborated maps and statistics, it is seen how the location of chosen estates for building has inducted an urban sprawl in Aracaju due to public power, though nothing was done concerning a previous planned basic structural condition in mentioned areas. This work contributes in presenting data on actions of mentioned public policies on location of social interest housing inducting urban sprawl and socially segregated urban spots in Aracaju. Besides this, this work allows a critical analysis about the influence of public policies of location of social interest housing inducting urban sprawl in Aracaju.

Esta dissertação discute as ações do poder público no tocante à localização dos conjuntos habitacionais de interesse social e sua relação com a expansão urbana e criação de espaços segregados na malha urbana da cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Para isso foi elaborado, primeiramente, um histórico das políticas públicas voltadas para habitação social no Brasil, que serviu de subsídio para compreensão dos momentos e características da política desenvolvida no âmbito local. Posteriormente foi elaborado um resgate histórico da gestão desta política em Aracaju, que foi dividido em dois momentos: o primeiro cujo principal interventor urbano e gestor das políticas habitacionais foi o Governo do Estado e o seguinte quando a Prefeitura Municipal assumiu este papel. A partir dos dados obtidos por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, de campo e entrevistas, e da elaboração de tabelas e mapas, nota-se que a escolha da localização dos conjuntos, por parte do poder público, impulsionou o crescimento urbano de Aracaju, criando novos eixos de expansão urbana horizontal, sem que houvesse um planejamento ou prévia estruturação destas áreas. A contribuição da presente pesquisa está na apresentação e sistematização das ações do poder público referentes à localização dos conjuntos habitacionais em Aracaju e sua vinculação com a expansão urbana do município, gerando espaços segregados socialmente. Além disso, possibilita uma reflexão crítica sobre a influência da localização habitacional no desenvolvimento urbano de Aracaju. / The subject to be discussed in this work is the manner how actions of public policies of location of social interest housing have inducted urban sprawl as well as have given rise to socially segregated urban spots in the city of Aracaju, the capital of Sergipe. First of all, a report progress was made of public policies concerned with social interest housing in Brazil, which has contributed to an understanding of the steps and characteristics of local public policies. Then another report progress was made of mentioned public policies in Aracaju, which was divided in two parts: the first one is related to the mentioned actions of the State Government, while the second is related to the mentioned actions of the Municipality. Based on the data obtained from bibliographies, documentary as well as from field research, interviews, and elaborated maps and statistics, it is seen how the location of chosen estates for building has inducted an urban sprawl in Aracaju due to public power, though nothing was done concerning a previous planned basic structural condition in mentioned areas. This work contributes in presenting data on actions of mentioned public policies on location of social interest housing inducting urban sprawl and socially segregated urban spots in Aracaju. Besides this, this work allows a critical analysis about the influence of public policies of location of social interest housing inducting urban sprawl in Aracaju.

Orientador: Silvio Yasui / Banca: Cristina Amélia Luzio / Banca: Liamar Aparecida dos Santos / Banca: Maria Cristina Pereira Lima / Banca: Marcelo Kimati Dias / Resumo: Este trabalho realizou um estudo exploratório das políticas e práticas de cuidado da rede portuguesa de atendimento dos comportamentos aditivos e dependências. Teve como objetivo identificar possíveis contribuições para a inovação das práticas em saúde na rede de cuidado do pesquisador e produzir uma reflexão sobre as políticas públicas em curso no Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada nos serviços e projetos da Divisão de Intervenção nos Comportamentos Aditivos e nas Dependências da Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. O trabalho de campo foi constituído de observações participantes registradas em diário de campo e entrevistas. A análise qualitativa do trabalho de campo teve como parceiros os autores da metodologia da Pesquisa Social. Os resultados da análise do trabalho de campo demonstraram a importância de as ações no contexto brasileiro serem menos identificadas com a Saúde Mental, a necessidade de diversificar os locais de intervenção e atuar com outras populações fora do registro das dependências. A descriminalização do porte e uso de drogas precisa ser acompanhada da implementação de políticas públicas para ampliação do acesso aos usuários e diversificar os serviços e projetos da rede de cuidado. / Abstract: This work carried out an exploratory study of the policies and practices of care at the Portuguese assistance network on the addictive behaviours and dependencies. It aimed to identify possible contributions to the innovation of health practices at the care network of the researcher and to produce a reflection about the public policies underway in Brazil. The research was carried out on the services and projects of the Intervention Division on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies of the Regional Health Administration of Lisbon and Vale do Tejo. The field research was built of participatory observations registered in field diary and interviews. The qualitative analysis of the field research had as partners the authors of the Social Research methodology. The results of the field research analysis demonstrated the importance of actions in the Brazilian context being less identified with Mental Health, the need to diversify the intervention sites and to work with other populations outside the registry of dependencies. The descriminalization of use and drug possession needs to be follow by the implementation of public policies to increase access to users and to diversify the services and projects of the care network / Doutor

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The deployment of wind farms subsidized by the Incentive for Alternative Sources of Energy - PROINFA in the years 2008 to 2013, situated in the field of Cumbe dunes / Canavieiras - city of Aracati / Ce, led to the legalization of conflicts in view of the social and environmental impacts negative deployments on site. Such conflicts, in turn, require the state - judge a plain positioning and transforming reality, with containment impacts through guided decisions on the constitutional principles of protection and defense of the environment, given the constitutionalization of this protection and the new State directions of the democratic rule of law. In this sense, after data collection at the federal court in CearÃ, we proceeded to the court decision of content analysis given in Environmental Public Civil Action No. 0000396-30.2006.4.05.8101. Analysis of the decision, it was possible finds that it is application for environmental licensing cancellation of wind farm situated in the countryside of Cumbe / Canavieiras dunes - the city of Aracati / Ce on the grounds that the impact assessment instrument, which is , Simplified Environmental Report - RAS would be insufficient to assess the cumulative impacts of the implementation with a view that this is an environmental protection area that calls for more complex studies as EIA / RIMA. The state judge, in turn, judged by the copyright of order requested in a weighting judgments about energy crisis that hit the country in 2008 which, in turn, requires mitigation measures using the RAS. This position, moreover, denounces the low effectiveness of constitutional norms of protection and defense of the environment, by not having the power to curb the damage indicated by the determination of more complex studies such as EIA that just passed the required in 2012, through Resolution 04/2012 of the state environmental agency - COEMA, in recognition of the fragility of dune ecosystems. / A implantaÃÃo de parques eÃlicos subsidiados pelo Programa de Incentivo Ãs Fontes Alternativas de Energia â PROINFA nos anos 2008 a 2013, situados no campo de dunas do Cumbe/Canavieiras â municÃpio de Aracati/Ce, ocasionou a judicializaÃÃo de conflitos tendo em vista os impactos socioambientais negativos das implantaÃÃes no local. Tais conflitos, por seu turno, requerem do Estado Juiz um posicionamento elucidativo e transformador da realidade, com a contenÃÃo de impactos, por meio de decisÃes pautadas nos princÃpios constitucionais de proteÃÃo e defesa do meio ambiente, dado a constitucionalizaÃÃo dessa proteÃÃo e os novos direcionamentos estatais do Estado DemocrÃtico de Direito. Nesse sentido, apÃs levantamento de dados junto a justiÃa federal no CearÃ, procedeu-se a anÃlise de conteÃdo de sentenÃa judicial proferida na AÃÃo Civil PÃblica Ambiental n 0000396-30.2006.4.05.8101. Da anÃlise da decisÃo, foi possÃvel constata que se trata de pedido de anulaÃÃo de licenciamento ambiental de parque eÃlico situado no campo de dunas do Cumbe/Canavieiras â municÃpio de Aracati/Ce sob a alegaÃÃo que o instrumento de avaliaÃÃo de impacto utilizado, qual seja, RelatÃrio Ambiental Simplificado â RAS seria insuficiente para avaliaÃÃo dos impactos cumulativos da implantaÃÃo tendo em vista tratar-se de Ãrea de proteÃÃo ambiental que reclama estudos mais complexos como EIA/RIMA. O Estado Juiz, por sua vez, julgou pela total improcedÃncia dos pedidos autorais sob um juÃzo de ponderaÃÃo acerca de crise energÃtica que assolou o paÃs em 2008 que, por seu turno, requer medidas mitigadoras com a utilizaÃÃo do RAS. Tal posicionamento, por outro lado, denuncia a baixa efetividade das normas constitucionais de proteÃÃo e defesa do meio ambiente, por nÃo ter o condÃo de coibir os danos apontados por meio da determinaÃÃo de estudos mais complexos, tais como EIA que apenas passou a ser exigido em 2012, por meio da ResoluÃÃo 04/2012 do ÃrgÃo ambiental estadual â COEMA, em reconhecimento à fragilidade dos ecossistemas de dunas.

This dissertation consists of three distinct essays on tax avoidance, monetary policy and international trade. The first chapter focuses on profit shifting. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) manipulate the prices that they use for intracompany transactions (known as transfer prices) to shift profits to countries with more favorable tax treatments. I improve upon the current practice to estimating this elasticity by constructing a measure of the stringency with which countries enforce their anti-tax avoidance rules and take into account their incentive to enforce them. I report evidence showing that the failure to account for the enforcement of anti-tax avoidance rules and the incentive to enforce them results not only in biased estimates of the semi-elasticity of reported profits with respect to CIT-rate but also results in a misspecified empirical model. I estimate the empirical model of reported profits using detailed annual data on more than 40,000 affiliates located in 28 countries during the period from 2008 to 2014. The second chapter I conduct an event study to first examine the role of macroeconomic news surprises on monetary policy expectations; second, I estimate the effect that changes in short and long-term monetary policy expectations have on financial markets on days of macroeconomic news announcements compared to days of federal open market committee (FOMC) announcements. Factor analysis is used to build a short and a long-term measure of monetary policy expectations using federal funds futures and Eurodollar futures. I conclude that the path and the target factors are both affected by several macroeconomic news surprises. Finally in the last chapter I use a stochastic general equilibrium, two-country model of trade and macroeconomic dynamics developed by Ghironi & Melitz (2005) to assess the effect of two exogenous shocks: a negative technology shock to China’s productivity and a trade policy shock that makes exporting to China less costly and importing from China more expensive (known as the border-adjustment tax). I find that a negative productivity shock in China results in a reduction of imports from China and an increase in the entry of firms in the United States. At the contrary, a trade policy shock in the United States leaves American (Chinese) consumers slightly worst (better) off.

Afin d'éviter le départ de ses clients, une compagnie d'assurance souhaite prédire la probabilité d'annulation de polices d'assurance automobile dans un intervalle de temps à partir de données sur les voitures et les clients. Les clients étant suivis dans le temps, le modèle doit incorporer des variables explicatives qui dépendent du temps. Nous utilisons le modèle de survie de Cox pour prédire les probabilités d'événement dans un intervalle de temps variable. Des notes prises par des agents lors de conversations téléphoniques avec les clients et des courriels sont également disponibles. Il est pertinent d'inclure ces textes dans le modèle statistique, car ils contiennent de l'information utile pour prédire l'annulation du contrat. Plusieurs méthodes de traitement automatique du langage naturel sont utilisées pour représenter les textes en vecteurs qui peuvent être utilisés par le modèle de Cox. Puis, une sélection de variables est effectuée. Le modèle est ensuite utilisé pour prédire les probabilités d'événements. Les notes d'agents contiennent des fautes d'orthographe, des abréviations, etc. Ainsi, nous étudions dans un premier temps l'effet d'utiliser des textes dont la qualité est graduellement détériorée sur les performances prédictives du modèle de Cox. Nous trouvons que toutes les méthodes d'encodage du texte utilisées, sans faire de raffinement sur les textes, ont un certain niveau de robustesse face aux textes de moins bonne qualité. Ensuite, nous étudions l'effet de différentes approches d'inclusion des textes dans le modèle de Cox dans un contexte longitudinal. Les effets de la sélection de variables, des méthodes d'encodage du texte et de la concaténation temporelle des textes sont analysés. L'approche proposée pour inclure les textes a permis d'améliorer les performances comparativement à un modèle qui n'inclut aucun texte. Toutefois, les performances sont similaires d'une méthode d'encodage du texte à l'autre. / In order to avoid customer attrition, an insurance company wants to predict the probability of cancellation of car insurance policies in a time interval based on car and customer covariates. Since customers are tracked over time, the model must incorporate time-dependent covariates. We use a Cox survival model to predict event probabilities in a variable time interval. Notes taken by agents during telephone conversations with customers and emails are also available. It is relevant to include these texts in the statistical model, as they contain information useful for predicting policy cancellation. Several natural language processing methods are used to represent the documents with vectors that can be used by the Cox model. Then, variable selection is performed. The model is then used to predict event probabilities. Notes taken by the agents contain spelling mistakes, abbreviations, etc. Thus, we first study the effect of using texts of gradually worse quality on the predictive performance of the Cox model. We find that all the text encoding methods used, without fine-tuning the embedding models, have a certain level of robustness against texts of lower quality. Next, we investigate the effect of different approaches to including texts in the Cox model in a longitudinal context. The effects of variable selection, text encoding methods and temporal concatenation of texts are analyzed. The proposed approach to include text resulted in improved performance compared to a model that does not include any text. However, the performance is similar across text encoding methods.

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 25 septembre 2023) / Le domaine de l'assurance regorge de toutes sortes de données. Avec des milliers, voire des millions de clients, les compagnies d'assurance ont su emmagasiner un nombre impressionnant d'informations. À partir de celles-ci, elles sont en mesure de développer plusieurs modèles qui leur permettent d'anticiper le comportement de leur clientèle. Elles ont maintenant à leur disposition des modèles qui permettent d'estimer le temps restant avant qu'un client n'abandonne une police d'assurance de dommages. Une compagnie d'assurance souhaite cependant approfondir ses connaissances et améliorer ses prévisions en étudiant l'influence des relations entre les clients sur l'abandon d'une police d'assurance. Certaines données descriptives des clients sont disponibles ainsi que cinq fichiers qui lient les individus à des identifiants de groupe. Ces derniers sont utilisés pour créer des réseaux représentant les relations qui existent entre les clients de la compagnie. L'objectif de ce mémoire est donc d'explorer les données réseaux et de comprendre l'impact que les relations peuvent avoir sur certaines variables, plus particulièrement sur l'abandon d'une police d'assurance de dommages. Des statistiques descriptives en lien avec les réseaux, comme le nombre de liens entre deux individus qui abandonnent ou l'assortativité, permettent rapidement de savoir s'il est pertinent de continuer l'exploration ou non. Par la suite, un test de permutation permet de mieux comprendre l'influence des relations sur le fait qu'un client abandonne ou non. Puis, pour terminer, un modèle statistique qui permet d'estimer une matrice de covariance à partir des relations d'un réseau est présenté. / The insurance sector is full of all kinds of data. With thousands, if not millions, of customers, insurance companies have accumulated a substantial amount of information. From this information, they can develop several models that allow them to anticipate their customer's behavior. They now have models that allow them to estimate the remaining time before a customer cancels their insurance policy. However, an insurance company wishes to deepen their understanding, and improve predictions by studying the influence of relationships between clients on the cancellation of damage insurance policies. Some descriptive data on the customers is available, as well as five files linking individuals to groups. This is how the networks are created. The objective of this thesis is therefore to explore network data and understand the influence that relationships can have on certain descriptive variables, and more specifically on the cancellation of a damage insurance policy. Descriptive statistics related to networks, such as the number of links between two individuals who cancel or assortativity, quickly allow us to know if it is relevant to continue the exploration or not. Then, the permutation test allows us to better understand the influence of relationships on the cancellation of the insurance policy. Finally, a statistical model that allows us to estimate a covariance matrix from a network is presented.

Submitted by CLAYTON EZEQUIEL DOS SANTOS null (claytoncaps@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T02:24:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese capa dura definitivo.pdf: 7816021 bytes, checksum: 0bf6ccee1474d4b0e423d8317b0d20bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-02T18:26:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ce_dr_assis.pdf: 7816021 bytes, checksum: 0bf6ccee1474d4b0e423d8317b0d20bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T18:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ce_dr_assis.pdf: 7816021 bytes, checksum: 0bf6ccee1474d4b0e423d8317b0d20bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / Este trabalho realizou um estudo exploratório das políticas e práticas de cuidado da rede portuguesa de atendimento dos comportamentos aditivos e dependências. Teve como objetivo identificar possíveis contribuições para a inovação das práticas em saúde na rede de cuidado do pesquisador e produzir uma reflexão sobre as políticas públicas em curso no Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada nos serviços e projetos da Divisão de Intervenção nos Comportamentos Aditivos e nas Dependências da Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. O trabalho de campo foi constituído de observações participantes registradas em diário de campo e entrevistas. A análise qualitativa do trabalho de campo teve como parceiros os autores da metodologia da Pesquisa Social. Os resultados da análise do trabalho de campo demonstraram a importância de as ações no contexto brasileiro serem menos identificadas com a Saúde Mental, a necessidade de diversificar os locais de intervenção e atuar com outras populações fora do registro das dependências. A descriminalização do porte e uso de drogas precisa ser acompanhada da implementação de políticas públicas para ampliação do acesso aos usuários e diversificar os serviços e projetos da rede de cuidado. / This work carried out an exploratory study of the policies and practices of care at the Portuguese assistance network on the addictive behaviours and dependencies. It aimed to identify possible contributions to the innovation of health practices at the care network of the researcher and to produce a reflection about the public policies underway in Brazil. The research was carried out on the services and projects of the Intervention Division on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies of the Regional Health Administration of Lisbon and Vale do Tejo. The field research was built of participatory observations registered in field diary and interviews. The qualitative analysis of the field research had as partners the authors of the Social Research methodology. The results of the field research analysis demonstrated the importance of actions in the Brazilian context being less identified with Mental Health, the need to diversify the intervention sites and to work with other populations outside the registry of dependencies. The descriminalization of use and drug possession needs to be follow by the implementation of public policies to increase access to users and to diversify the services and projects of the care network.

Cette étude se propose de répondre dans quelle mesure le processus de démocratisation des institutions de sécurité en Argentine et au Brésil a été suivi de près par un processus « mafieux » de leurs polices, en s’appuyant sur les cas de la police de la province de Buenos Aires et celle de la ville de Rio de Janeiro. Nous avons choisi de travailler à partir de ces deux corps policiers puisqu' ils sont historiquement connus pour leurs affaires de corruption et leurs pratiques arbitraires vis-à-vis des habitants des quartiers défavorisés. Le contexte post-dictatures dans ces deux pays a entraîné des reconfigurations dans le « modus operandi » des forces policières et de nouvelles dynamiques « mafieuses » se sont renforcées conjointement au renforcement d’un paradigme sécuritaire qui émerge au cœur même de ces jeunes démocraties. Buenos Aires et Rio de Janeiro, représentant chacune un « micro-univers » de leur cadre national respectif, offrent donc d’innombrables exemples pour interroger notre objet d’étude. La première partie cherchera à analyser les héritages autoritaires du passé concernant le modus operandi des deux polices. La deuxième partie cherchera à comprendre les remaniements de ce modus operandi à partir de nouvelles formes d’autoritarisme qui émergent au sein des jeunes démocraties. Enfin, la troisième partie, confrontera les deux points précédents afin de démontrer dans quelle mesure leur juxtaposition peut créer les bases d’un terroir mafieux commun. / This study aims to answer how the democratization of security institutions in Argentina and Brazil was closely followed by a process of "mafiosisation" of their policies, based on the case of the provincial police of Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. We chose to work from these two police forces since they are historically known for their corruption cases and their arbitrary practices vis-à-vis the inhabitants of disadvantaged neighborhoods. The post-dictatorship context in these two countries has led to reconfigurations in the "modus operandi" of police forces and new "mafia" dynamics have been reinforced in conjunction with the reinforcement of a security paradigm that is emerging in the very heart of these young democracies. Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, each representing a "micro-universe" of their respective national frameworks, therefore offer innumerable examples to question our object of study. The first part will analyze the authoritarian legacies of the past concerning the modus operandi of the two fonts. The second part will seek to understand the reworking of this modus operandi from new forms of authoritarianism emerging in young democracies. Finally, the third part, will confront the two previous points to demonstrate to what extent their juxtaposition can create the bases of a common « mafia terroir ».