This thesis investigates the factors that can sufficiently explain China's policy change on climate change issue. We utilize interest-based theory in environmental politics and constructivism to explore the drivers behind China's climate change policy formulation. The theories are tested by process tracing the historical development of China's policy on climate change. The analysis is further complemented by other explanatory factors based on empirical findings, including domestic policy process and the impact of non-state actors. The study finds out that China's climate change policy has experienced positive changes with growing policy stringency. The result shows that China's climate change policy cannot be sufficiently explained by the interest-based theory, the factor regarding ecological vulnerability can be only partially confirmed. Instead, international norms can provide plausible incentives for policy change through the process of socialization. The final policy outcomes are also connected to the interest of the most influential domestic political actor. The study results help us to better understand the environmental politics in China and provides guidelines to predict China's role in international climate change negotiation after the Conference of Parties in Paris.

Este estudo objetiva analisar a formação política proporcionada pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) à juventude do assentamento Palmares MA. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar as práticas sociais desenvolvidas na comunidade com vistas à formação política dos jovens assentados, bem como conhecer a perspectiva de formação que orienta a pedagogia do Movimento para a construção da identidade dos mesmos. A pesquisa tem natureza qualitativa e foi realizada por meio de estudo de caso com enfoque etnográfico. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se observação direta, pesquisa documental, grupo focal com os jovens, homens e mulheres, na faixa etária compreendida entre 18 e 24 anos residentes no assentamento Palmares, localizado no município de Nina Rodrigues, estado do Maranhão, e entrevistas com lideranças da comunidade. Para analisar os dados obtidos, recorreu-se à triangulação, correlacionando os princípios político-pedagógicos que dão sustentação à formação política no MST, a partir das narrativas obtidas no grupo focal e nas entrevistas. A pesquisa possibilitou conhecer a experiência de formação política da juventude do assentamento Palmares, partindo das práticas sociais vivenciadas no seu interior, contribuindo para a percepção da influência dessa formação em suas vidas e nas formas de intervenção na realidade. Constatou-se que a experiência de formação política no assentamento Palmares contribuiu para que os jovens se percebam como sujeitos de direito, e continuem na luta social, além de consolidar o sentimento de pertencimento dos jovens ao MST e à comunidade na qual vivem. / The research focused to analyze the political education afforded by the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) to youth Palmares-MA settlement. Therefore, we sought to identify social practices developed in the community for the political education of young settlers as well as meet the formation perspective that guides the pedagogy of movement for the construction of the identity of the same. The research is qualitative and it was performed by means of a case study with an ethnographic approach. For data collection we used direct observation, documentary research, focus groups with young people, men and women, at the age between 18 and 24 residents in the settlement Palmares, located in the municipality of Nina Rodrigues, Maranhão state, and interviews with community leaders. To analyze the data obtained, we used appealed to the triangulation, correlating the political-pedagogical principles that support political training in MST, the narratives obtained in focus groups and interviews. The research allowed to know the experience of youth training policy in the Palmares settlement, starting from social practices experienced inside, contributing to the perception of the influence of such training in their lives and the forms of intervention in reality. It was found that the experience of formation policy in Palmares settlement contributed to young people see themselves as subjects of law, that give continuation to the struggles as well as consolidate the feeling of belonging to the MST youth.

This study establishes an initial understanding of the state of cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Two specific objectives were fulfilled; a) to develop an understanding of the goals and operational procedures of current cruise ship operators, and b) to provide insight into the policies that may be necessary for Parks Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service to enhance management in parks and protected areas. <br /><br /> Cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic is a relatively new industry. At present, there is a lack of inclusive government guidelines for the Canadian cruise tourism industry. The steady increase of cruise tourism traffic in the region since 1984 suggests the potential for environmental and social impacts to this fragile polar region. There is a need for the creation of guidelines to direct this tourism activity. <br /><br /> A literature review identified the current state of the cruise line industry in the Eastern Canadian Arctic, Antarctic and Alaskan waters. The policy requirements pertaining to cruise tourism in parks and protected areas were identified including the current management strategies for tourism employed in Northern Canadian parks and protected areas. <br /><br /> Content analysis of current cruise tourism literature themes, which were used to create and conduct interviews that explored these themes. From these findings, data was used to create a policy formation framework that will assist in the planning and management of cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. <br /><br /> The results indicated that cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic is percevied as a safe and economically viable industry. The research found a high degree of coherence between the literature and the opinion of the stakeholders in regards to key issues that need to be addressed. Such issues include the need for greater academic research on this topic; the need for policies and guidelines to aid in the management of parks and protected areas in polar regions; a need for unity and cohesion in the Arctic Cruise Tourism Industry and finally, greater government awareness and assistance given to the cruise tourism industry in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. There was also a high degree of enthusiasm from the stakeholders for inter-group and interagency cooperation. This enthusiasm bodes well for the future of cruise tourism policy creation in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. <br /><br /> This thesis proposes a structure for the way forward.

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / The dynamics in U.S.-Turkey relations in both 1964 and 2003 continued to be between a large global power and a medium regional power in the framework of a global threat that required regional cooperation. In both cases the priority of the global power was the fight against the global threat and this created expectations from the medium power ally in the region, who -in both cases- had its own reservations about the issue, considering its own national interests. The analysis of the 1964 Crisis shows that both U.S. and Turkey would have five main sources of influence over their foreign policy decisions leading to disagreement in 1964: the dynamics in the U.S. Turkish relations as one between a global power and a regional partner; domestic concerns of both countries; unaligned goals of the two parties; the international circumstances; and the influence of signaling failures and previous interactions. When we analyze the 2003 Crisis in light of these findings we see that all the main issues seem to be consistently relevant, though their effects might have changed slightly. Overall, both cases reveal that the above-mentioned five factors determine the outcome of interactions between large global powers and medium powers in the region. / 1st Lieutenant, Turkish Army

This study establishes an initial understanding of the state of cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Two specific objectives were fulfilled; a) to develop an understanding of the goals and operational procedures of current cruise ship operators, and b) to provide insight into the policies that may be necessary for Parks Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service to enhance management in parks and protected areas. <br /><br /> Cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic is a relatively new industry. At present, there is a lack of inclusive government guidelines for the Canadian cruise tourism industry. The steady increase of cruise tourism traffic in the region since 1984 suggests the potential for environmental and social impacts to this fragile polar region. There is a need for the creation of guidelines to direct this tourism activity. <br /><br /> A literature review identified the current state of the cruise line industry in the Eastern Canadian Arctic, Antarctic and Alaskan waters. The policy requirements pertaining to cruise tourism in parks and protected areas were identified including the current management strategies for tourism employed in Northern Canadian parks and protected areas. <br /><br /> Content analysis of current cruise tourism literature themes, which were used to create and conduct interviews that explored these themes. From these findings, data was used to create a policy formation framework that will assist in the planning and management of cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. <br /><br /> The results indicated that cruise tourism in the Eastern Canadian Arctic is percevied as a safe and economically viable industry. The research found a high degree of coherence between the literature and the opinion of the stakeholders in regards to key issues that need to be addressed. Such issues include the need for greater academic research on this topic; the need for policies and guidelines to aid in the management of parks and protected areas in polar regions; a need for unity and cohesion in the Arctic Cruise Tourism Industry and finally, greater government awareness and assistance given to the cruise tourism industry in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. There was also a high degree of enthusiasm from the stakeholders for inter-group and interagency cooperation. This enthusiasm bodes well for the future of cruise tourism policy creation in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. <br /><br /> This thesis proposes a structure for the way forward.

Daktaro disertacija siekia atsakyti į klausimą – kokie sunkumai kyla formuojant šeimos politiką Lietuvoje? Darbo tikslas - teoriškai ir empiriškai įvertinti formuojamos šeimos politikos adekvatumą šeimos pokyčiams Lietuvoje, atskleidžiant šeimos politikos formavimo problemas ir jų sprendimo būdus. Lietuvos šeimos politikos turinys analizuojamas šeimos statuso ir šeimos ir valstybės santykių apibrėžimo Lietuvos Konstitucijoje, konceptualių šeimos politikos pagrindų, apibrėžiančių šeimos politikos objektą, tikslus ir veiksmų kryptis ir ES prioritetinių veiklos krypčių integravimo nacionalinėje šeimos politikoje kontekste, taip pat analizuojama šeimos politikos priemonių sistema, sudaranti galimybes tėvams derinti darbą ir šeimos gyvenimą, lyginant ją su kitų Europos šalių priemonių sistemomis. Disertacijoje taip pat pristatomi kiekybinio tyrimo "Požiūris į šeimą", atskleidžiantys sociokultūrinį šeimos politikos formavimo kontekstą bei ekspertų požiūris į šeimos politikos formavimo problemas ir šeimos politikos formavimo galimybes. Pabaigoje pristatomas sisteminio požiūrio į šeimos politikos formavimą modelis. / This doctoral thesis investigates the question: what are the challenges of family policy formation in Lithuania? The aim of the research is the theoretical and empirical evaluation of the compliance of family policy with family changes in Lithuania by identifying the problems of family policy formation and ways for their resolution. The content of family policy in Lithuania is analysed in the context of the state-family relationship in the Lithuanian Constitution, conceptual family policy principles defining the object of family policy, objectives and operational trends and integration of the EU operational trends in the national family policy, as well as the system of family policy measures developing possibilities to reconcile work and family life in comparison with system of measures of other European states. The dissertation also presents the analysis of the outcomes of the quantitative research „Attitude to family“ by revealing the socio-cultural context of family policy formation, as well as the outcomes of the experts’ attitude toward the problems of family policy formation and the possibilities for the development of family policy. Finally the dissertation presents the model of a systematic approach towards family policy formation.

This doctoral thesis investigates the question: what are the challenges of family policy formation in Lithuania? The aim of the research is the theoretical and empirical evaluation of the compliance of family policy with family changes in Lithuania by identifying the problems of family policy formation and ways for their resolution. The content of family policy in Lithuania is analysed in the context of the state-family relationship in the Lithuanian Constitution, conceptual family policy principles defining the object of family policy, objectives and operational trends and integration of the EU operational trends in the national family policy, as well as the system of family policy measures developing possibilities to reconcile work and family life in comparison with system of measures of other European states. The dissertation also presents the analysis of the outcomes of the quantitative research „Attitude to family“ by revealing the socio-cultural context of family policy formation, as well as the outcomes of the experts’ attitude toward the problems of family policy formation and the possibilities for the development of family policy. Finally the dissertation presents the model of a systematic approach towards family policy formation. / Daktaro disertacija siekia atsakyti į klausimą – kokie sunkumai kyla formuojant šeimos politiką Lietuvoje? Darbo tikslas - teoriškai ir empiriškai įvertinti formuojamos šeimos politikos adekvatumą šeimos pokyčiams Lietuvoje, atskleidžiant šeimos politikos formavimo problemas ir jų sprendimo būdus. Lietuvos šeimos politikos turinys analizuojamas šeimos statuso ir šeimos ir valstybės santykių apibrėžimo Lietuvos Konstitucijoje, konceptualių šeimos politikos pagrindų, apibrėžiančių šeimos politikos objektą, tikslus ir veiksmų kryptis ir ES prioritetinių veiklos krypčių integravimo nacionalinėje šeimos politikoje kontekste, taip pat analizuojama šeimos politikos priemonių sistema, sudaranti galimybes tėvams derinti darbą ir šeimos gyvenimą, lyginant ją su kitų Europos šalių priemonių sistemomis. Disertacijoje taip pat pristatomi kiekybinio tyrimo "Požiūris į šeimą", atskleidžiantys sociokultūrinį šeimos politikos formavimo kontekstą bei ekspertų požiūris į šeimos politikos formavimo problemas ir šeimos politikos formavimo galimybes. Pabaigoje pristatomas sisteminio požiūrio į šeimos politikos formavimą modelis.

全台第一座都會型纜車「貓空纜車」於2007年7月4日正式營運，並在一年三個月創下617萬搭乘人次，成果輝煌；然而在2008年9月，因遭逢辛樂克與薔蜜颱風接連肆虐下，發生纜車T16塔柱邊坡崩塌事件進而停駛。當各界重新檢討這座興建順利的纜車背後隱藏了多少問題之際，本研究運用政策網絡分析，檢視貓空纜車政策形成過程，分別就參與者性質、行動者策略、權力關係與網絡整合性四大面向，就問題形成、政策規劃、政策合法化三個階段，逐段建構政策網絡、確立利害關係人，並探討興建過程中產生的問題。 研究發現，貓空纜車成案的關鍵並非專業評估使然，乃是為了實現馬英九市府的競選承諾。貓空纜車因為規劃過程中受到動物園的影響，導致纜車路線變更，鄰近棲霞山莊，並衍生後續噪音污染等爭議。貓空纜車在木柵觀光茶園社區發展協會及指南宮等民間團體的支持下，削弱了反對聲音；而主要的政策反對者棲霞山莊，則在當時問題意識不明確、預算順利通過等因素下，錯失反對時機。 / The first urban-type cable car in Taiwan “Maokong Gondola” had been inaugurated since 4th of July in 2007. It has successfully achieved 6.17 million hits in one year and three months. However, during September 2008, typhoon Sinlaku and Jangmi struck one after another and incurred serious mudslide erosion underneath pillar T16. The disaster had crippled the whole cable car system and had urged the public to re-examine the whole construction. This study utilizes policy network analysis to evaluate policy formation process regarding the construction of Maokong gondola in terms of four major factors: character of participants, actions’ strategies, power relationship and network integration. Demarcating the policy network while identifying the policy stakeholders and exploring issues arising from the construction process has been carried out in all three stages of the event: problem formation, policy formulation and policy legitimation. This study shows that the key to the approval of Maokong gondola program was not due to professional evaluation, but instead, it was for the political motivation of Ma’s administration to attain victory in campaign. Being affected by the location of Taipei city zoo in the stage of program formulating, the cable car system has been rerouted closer to Chi-shia village, causing noise pollution and other harassment. By strong support from Muzha tea park community development association and Zhinan temple, the opponent’s opinions were gradually suppressed. Due to uncertainty of problem-knowing and easy approval of budget, the main opponent Chi-shia village had finally missed the opportunity in stopping the program.

Submitted by Diogo Misoguti (diogo.misoguti@gmail.com) on 2016-06-20T12:59:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcia-aparecida-colber-de-lima.pdf: 2364391 bytes, checksum: b766c5240adfc7ad88f29c6fb9511186 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diogo Misoguti (diogo.misoguti@gmail.com) on 2016-06-20T12:59:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcia-aparecida-colber-de-lima.pdf: 2364391 bytes, checksum: b766c5240adfc7ad88f29c6fb9511186 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T12:59:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcia-aparecida-colber-de-lima.pdf: 2364391 bytes, checksum: b766c5240adfc7ad88f29c6fb9511186 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / A formação continuada oferecida aos gestores das redes públicas e a coerência entre os conteúdos tratados nessa formação e suas práticas gestoras é o foco de investigação desta pesquisa. O objetivo foi analisar as ações formativas do programa denominado A Rede em rede – a formação continuada na Educação Infantil e investigar as apropriações dos gestores sobre os conceitos de gestão pedagógica e compartilhada nos Centros de Educação Infantil e nas Escolas Municipais de Educação Infantil na cidade de São Paulo. A questão que norteou a pesquisa foi investigar quais contribuições, limites e possibilidades a formação continuada do programa trouxe para a construção dos saberes dos diretores e coordenadores pedagógicos na perspectiva do exercício de uma gestão pedagógica e compartilhada. De abordagem qualitativa, a investigação foi realizada com base nas seguintes fontes: revisão do ordenamento legal e dos documentos normativos sobre educação infantil, tendo como ponto de partida a publicação da Constituição de 1988; pesquisa documental no arquivo da Memória Técnica Documental da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, ambos com a finalidade de contextualizar os processos de formação continuada na rede municipal paulistana; documentos produzidos no âmbito do programa investigado, buscando compreender os princípios que nortearam as ações de formação dos gestores escolares e; entrevistas semiestruturadas, envolvendo gestores em exercício na rede municipal paulistana, em escolas de educação infantil, na perspectiva de analisar as apropriações dos gestores quanto aos conteúdos tratados no programa de formação. As análises que respondem à questão foram apoiadas em Nóvoa (1992; 1999; 2008; 2010; 2011), Imbernón (2009; 2010), Schön (1992), Tardif (2012), Moss (2005; 2009) e Cury (1998; 2010). Os resultados mostraram que algumas condições devem ser consideradas na proposição de programas de formação continuada, como a continuidade, o acompanhamento e a articulação das ações de formação, envolvendo os diferentes segmentos profissionais que atuam nas unidades educacionais. Esses resultados apontam que o presente estudo pode contribuir para o adensamento da reflexão acerca da proposição de programas de formação continuada em redes públicas de educação infantil, com vistas à consolidação de práticas de gestão numa perspectiva pedagógica e compartilhada para essa modalidade de educação. / The continuous training offered to managers of public education system and the coherence between the content treated in this training and their management practices is the focus of this research. The objective was to analyze the training activities of a program called A Rede em rede – a formação continuada na Educação Infantil (The School System in the Network - continued training in Childhood Education) and investigate the appropriation of managers about concepts of pedagogical and shared management in Early Childhood Education Centers and the Municipal Schools Children's Education in the São Paulo city. The question that guided the research was which contributions, limits and possibilities the continued training program has brought for the construction of knowledges of the directors and coordinators in view of pursuing a pedagogical and shared management. From the qualitative approach, the research was based on the following sources: review of the legal system and of the normative documents on early childhood education, taking as its starting point the publication of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988; documentary research in the archive of memory Technical Document of the Municipal Education of São Paulo, both in order to contextualize the continued education process in São Paulo municipal network; documents produced under the program investigated, in order to understand the principles that have guided the training activities for school managers and; semi-structured interviews, involving exercise for managers in São Paulo municipal network, in elementary schools in the perspective of analyzing the appropriation of the managers about the contents treated in the training program. The analyzes that respond to the question were supported by Nóvoa (1992; 1999; 2008; 2010; 2011), Imbernón (2009; 2010), Schön (1992), Tardif (2012), Moss (2005; 2009) and Cury (1998; 2010). The results showed that some conditions must be considered in the proposition of programs of continuing formation, such as the continuity, monitoring and articulation of actions for training activities, involving different professional sectors who work in educational units. These results suggest that this study may contribute to the deepening of reflection on the proposition of continuous education programs in public networks of early childhood education, with a view to the consolidation of the practices of management in a pedagogical and shared perspective for this type of education.