Este trabalho analisa o avanço da política de enfrentamento à violência contra as mulheres no Brasil, e se debruça sobre o processo de formulação nacional e de implementação municipal, visando identificar e compreender seus limites e desafios. A dissertação parte da perspectiva da responsabilização e do protagonismo do Estado, que na última década tem conseguido desenvolver e consolidar políticas públicas para as mulheres. Neste processo, foram adotadas as estratégias de transversalidade, intersetorialidade e capilaridade para a promoção da política de enfrentamento à violência contra as mulheres. A análise desse processo deu-se em três etapas. Inicialmente, apresenta-se a formação das políticas para mulheres no Brasil sob a perspectiva analítica do processo do ciclo de políticas públicas. Em seguida, analisa-se a formulação da Política de Enfrentamento à Violência a partir da criação e desenvolvimento da Secretaria Especial de Políticas para as Mulheres em âmbito federal. Por fim, são investigados os processos de implementação da política nos municípios brasileiros, por meio do estudo de três cidades paulistas: São Paulo, Poá e Ferraz de Vasconcelos. Foram realizadas entrevistas de campo, e analisados dados qualitativos e quantitativos, além da recente literatura de Gênero e Políticas Públicas. Constatou-se uma enorme heterogeneidade entre os municípios quanto à implementação da política. Apesar do aumento gradativo do número de municípios que desenvolvem políticas para as mulheres, este é ainda um processo em construção / This work analyzes the advances of policy of facing up to violence against women in Brazil, and focuses on the national formulationand local implementation process, seeking to identify and understand their limits and challenges. The dissertation starts from the perspective of responsibility and protagonism of the State, which in the last decade has been able to develop and consolidate public policies for women. In this process, were adopted the strategies of transversality, intersectoriality and capillarity to promote policies of facing up to violence against women. The analysis of this process ocurred in three stages. Initially, it shows the formation of policies for women in Brazil under the analytical perspective of the public policy cycle process. Then, analyzes the formulation of policy of facing up to violence starting from the creation and development of Special Secretariat of Policies for Women at the federal level. Finally, the policy implementation processes isinvestigated in Brazilian municipalities, through the study of three cities in São Paulo: São Paulo, Poá and Ferraz de Vasconcelos. Field interviews were realized, and analyzed quantitative and qualitative data, as well as recent Gender and Public Policy literature. It was found a huge heterogeneity among the municipalities in relation to the implementation of the policy. Despite the gradual increase in the number of municipalities who develop policies for women, this is still a process in construction

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-03T13:35:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 juniacostaamaral.pdf: 772811 bytes, checksum: 3e284a3fd44e5c0b18ead160c5575a95 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-03T14:46:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 juniacostaamaral.pdf: 772811 bytes, checksum: 3e284a3fd44e5c0b18ead160c5575a95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-03T14:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 juniacostaamaral.pdf: 772811 bytes, checksum: 3e284a3fd44e5c0b18ead160c5575a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / O presente estudo discorre sobre o Programa Escola Integrada, implementado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, por meio da Secretaria Municipal de Educação. Implantado em 2006 em experiência piloto em sete escolas, é validado no ano seguinte, com o início de sua expansão. O Programa se alicerça nos princípios de inclusão social, educação integral e cidade educadora. Nesse sentido, a educação não se restringe ao espaço escolar e reconhece o potencial educativo das diversas instituições da comunidade e da cidade. O Programa amplia a jornada escolar para nove horas diárias e incorpora novos atores no contexto escolar que compartilham a tarefa de educar. Este estudo pretende analisar a implementação do Programa pelos gestores de duas escolas municipais identificadas como Escola A e Escola B. Adotou-se como metodologia de pesquisa a entrevista semiestruturada, recurso mais indicado para a coleta de dados de cunho qualitativo, o aporte teórico por meio de debates acadêmicos e a análise documental. A pesquisa revelou vários dilemas no contexto de implementação da política que se desdobram em desafios para os gestores escolares. Dentre eles, o de construir um currículo integrado, articulando as atividades do Programa com as atividades planejadas pelos professores, a partir de um consenso construído no Projeto Político Pedagógico das unidades estudadas. Outro desafio é a baixa adesão dos professores e a efetiva compreensão das finalidades do Programa. A análise dos dados coletados em campo e dos referenciais bibliográficos consultados permite, ao final deste trabalho, apresentar uma Proposta de Ação Educacional tendo em vista a melhoria do Programa Escola Integrada na perspectiva de potencializar as ações empreendidas pelos gestores escolares. / This research discusses the Integrated School Program, implemented by the Municipality of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, through its Department of Education in 2006. The Program is based on the guiding principles of social inclusion, integral education and on the concept of an Educative City. Therefore education is not limited to the school environment and recognizes the educational potential of multiple institutions in the community and city. The program extends the school day to nine hours, incorporates to the educational environment new actors who share the task of teaching. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the program by managers from two municipal schools of Belo Horizonte, here named Schools A and B. The adopted research methodology is the semi-structured interview, as the most suitable resource for collecting data for qualitative research, and theoretical foundation by means of academic discussion and documentary analysis. The research reveals dilemmas in the context of the policy implementation and its unfolding challenges to school managers. Among others, the challenge of setting an integrated curriculum that articulates the program activities with those planned by the teachers, based on consensus built in the Political-Pedagogic Project of the schools covered in the study. Another challenge is the low uptake and comprehension of the program by the teachers. The analysis of the field and bibliographical research enable to present, at the end of this paper, an Educational Procedure Proposal, in order to improve the Integrated School Program and optimize the efforts undertaken.

A birth certificate provides a child with a legal identity, nationality, is a vital action towards child protection and can help a child access social welfare. Worldwide, almost 230 million children under the age of five have not been registered. Other than the vast negative impacts on the child it creates a blind spot in population statistics. Indonesia is one of the countries where the problem is widespread - only 57 percent of the children under the age of five have a birth certificate. In December 2013 a law was ratified in Indonesia, imposing changes in the birth registration process. This paper seeks to explore how the target group of that law, i.e. parents, perceive their possibility to comply with the policy, that is, to obtain a birth certificate for their children.  Based on a field study in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, conducting in-depth interviews with 58 parents as well as stakeholders such as policy implementers and NGOs, this thesis will propose that there is a variance in how the policy has been implemented in different regencies. The results indicate that the variance in the implementation, as well as the policy setting prior implementation in each regency, affects the parents’ perceived possibility to comply. In one of the studied regencies the implementation of the policy has affected the parents’ possibility to comply in a critically negative way, increasing the hindrances to obtain a birth certificate. Further, the regency politicians have created forced incentives to comply by making birth certificate mandatory to register for school, creating a vast risk of removing childrens’ access to education.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Studies by feminists frequently investigate reasons why poverty reduction strategies involving income and work generation projects for poor women fail to deliver on set economic and social goals to provide jobs, income, education and skills training. Several reviews over a number of decades indicate a prevalence of welfare-oriented interventions that apparently contradict the intended transformative potential of economic empowerment, gender equality goals and anticipated outcomes included during the design of national policies and programmes. Different theoretical frameworks have, over time, been called upon to account for and have attempted to explain these shifts, changes and contradictions. Studies of women and work in developing countries in the 1970s and 1980s were mostly led by economists who commented on the perceived failure of policies and projects, and continued to investigate the cause of this anomaly. Given that the majority of these experiments combined both social and economic goals these policy findings were later viewed with skepticism leading to further probes about recurring failures, and the lack of progress to improve the status of poor women. After decades of scientific research on gender inequality and a slow pace of change with regard to poor women’s economic status in developing countries, feminists revealed a disturbing finding: the lack of sound, ethical evaluation criteria and frameworks. This influenced a dramatic shift to alternative normative (value-based) approaches in which ethical and moral debates on development policy implementation flourished. Pointing to a general lack of empirical studies addressing policy implementation, arguments by these standpoint feminists proposed that policy and project implementation in different contexts lag far behind achievements in research and policy evidence. This assumption about the lack of integration of policy evidence with appropriate feminist theory, underpins my main motivation in this thesis. My intention is to apply a new feminist lens in order to examine the gendered nature of the historical period in which transitional policies in South Africa were implemented in the aftermath of authoritarian apartheid policies. The current thesis argues for adoption of the political ethics of care (PEOC) as an appropriate normative feminist policy research approach providing excellent criteria for exploring the gendered dimensions of new social policies and programmes implemented during the first policy cycle of reform towards democratising South African society (also referred to as the transition 1994-2001). At the time of its conception, my investigation proceeded with the realisation that iv many projects and programmes were evolving; and that contextual impact assessment criteria in the field of gender and development policy remained an emerging new research terrain lacking appropriate and critical gendered social indicators for monitoring, evaluation and theory building. Most of the newly formulated policies included results of previous research recording the historical role and socio-economic effects of apartheid policies. However, an urgent need existed for new critical gender perspectives to address important post-apartheid issues of vulnerable groups – such as women, youth, physically challenged and children – and arguing for their full citizenship, including economic citizenship and integration into job creation. The evolving policy relational structures that were embarked on during this reform, such as democratic state-civil society partnerships, new democratic decision-making, dialogical processes and policy service programmes, were in dire need of exploration and re-examination using alternative and new feminist theoretical lenses. This study explored the field of social policy implementation in the context of this transition period. It investigated the phenomenon of income generation projects (IGPs), being a development that was new to the South African professional social work disciplinary field. Used as a key macroeconomic policy mechanism, IGPs were embedded in policy relational structures (in the form of partnerships or consortiums) during the transition period. They formed a key part of policy interventions in social development as prescribed by the White Paper on Social Welfare (Department of Welfare, 1997b) having a dual purpose: to reduce poverty and unemployment, and to promote gender-sensitive strategies. The qualitative nature of the design used for this study is combined with a post-modernist and post-structuralist, gendered case study approach drawing on programme evaluation research techniques. Direct observation, documentary analysis, depth interviews and focus groups sessions formed part of a comprehensive data-gathering research strategy used in different micro-project and community settings in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Three broad research questions were pursued throughout this enquiry, addressing the following: the extent to which income generation projects as proposed within the National Developmental Policy Framework were addressing poverty and gender inequality in a satisfactory way; what appropriate normative frameworks and concepts to study these existed; and whether the PEOC could serve as an alternative framework; and how a user perspective could be incorporated in public debates and policy-making. v A sample of four partnership project cases, targeting poor black women (and men) from three different community settings – being semi-rural, peri-urban and urban – as primary beneficiaries met the selection criteria for this longitudinal, in-depth study that drew on purposive and theoretical sampling approaches. All the projects or programmes included in the sample were engaged in job creation and social development work involving multiple stakeholders and partners. A significant part of the study focussed on the formation of partner relationships or consortiums between government, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), together with grassroots community-based self-help project participants (beneficiary) groups and individuals. Information and data collected were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed to assess the impact and social effects of newly implemented policy structures and processes on subjects. Alternative feminist theoretical and analytical approaches, being a care perspective that combined critical gender assessment methodologies and feminist ethics (political ethic of care) were applied to argue for more critical and appropriate, gendered research studies that could capture the important link between macroeconomic policies and evidence of unpaid care work embedded and performed within the development sector. By foregrounding the invisible unpaid care work performed by low intensity citizens in this sector, the state’s role and interaction as a development partner with NGOs and poor citizens in the implementation of social development policies that involved job creation and IGPs became apparent. This thesis concludes by reiterating feminist proposals for a more inclusive notion of citizenship and calling for on-going studies to monitor perspectives on gender equality and work creation. More importantly, it suggests that PEOC could serve as an important research and analytical framework to document and integrate the right and access, by both men and women, to care, a critically important gender equality principle so often neglected in existing studies and scholarship.

Outcomes-based education (OBE) (at least at a conceptual level) is moving from an instructionist (teacher as transmitter of knowledge) to a constructivist approach (teacher as mediator and facilitator in the construction of meaning). This shift requires teachers that move from a traditional teacher-centred classroom to a learner-centred classroom management approach. The policy originators label this shift as a “paradigm shift”, but in the training of educators in OBE, no training was offered in terms of a new approach to classroom management. In this study I argue that if OBE in the South African context really constitute a paradigm shift, then at conceptual level, it would require a new approach to classroom management. Against this background, the aim of the study is to conceptually interrogate the notion of constructivist classroom management and investigate how classroom management within a constructivist mode differs from traditional classroom management within an instructionist approach. This study is qualitative in nature and employs conceptual analysis in the form of conceptual historical analysis, conceptual cartography and hermeneutic analysis. The Wilsonian concept analysis was used to examine and distinguish between the defining attributes of the concepts “instructionist classroom management” and “constructivist classroom management” and their relevant attributes. Also, a typology of non-empirical questions applied to conceptual analysis was used. The Matrix of Paradigmatic Value Systems was used as a tool/lens to categorise “instructionist classroom management” and “constructivist classroom management” in terms of their paradigmatic roots. Credibility and authenticity was achieved through crystallisation instead of triangulation. Emerging from the literature and concept analysis, “instructionist classroom management” is informed and guided by the traditional paradigm – it is based on a mechanistic worldview. On the other hand, “constructivist classroom management” is compatible with the emerging paradigm – it has holistic and artistic features. Traditional classroom management is underpinned by the principles of scientific management whilst constructivist classroom management is informed and guided by contingency approaches to management theory. Based on the analysis done and the reflection on the data, it is posited that classroom management within a constructivist setting needs to move from traditional to contingency classroom management approach. On the surface, basic management principles such as, planning, organising, leading and control, appear to be similar, but this is a myth. For example, planning, seen from its traditional defining terms, approaches classroom management as a step-by-step process under control and directed by the teacher; and may restrict the degree to which learners become collaborators in the teaching and learning situation. Organising focuses on issues of group work and collaborates learning; control moves to accountability (where learners become part of the development of class rules and partners in ensuring order and discipline); and evaluation moves to ongoing assessment and feedback as a strategy to ensure continuous improvement and the facilitation of the construction of new knowledge. Thus, this study proposes rethinking a set of principles compatible to the emergent paradigm that should not only support the construction of knowledge in the constructivist setting, but also promote collaborative interaction. / Thesis (PhD (Education Management, Law and Policy))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

This study, based on a sustained, qualitative investigation into the instructional decision-making of three Grade Nine Natural Science teachers, addresses the dichotomy between policy and practice in the post-apartheid South African context. The main research questions that guided this study were: 1. How do secondary school teachers understand the critical differences between the traditional curriculum, the new outcomes-based curriculum and the revised version of this new curriculum? 2. Why and how do these teachers make strategic curriculum decisions at the interface of the three curricula in their classrooms? A comparative case study approach was taken, during which evidence of what the science teachers were doing in their classes was collected through prolonged, non-participant classroom observation of close to 30 lessons each. Insight into the rationale behind their practices, i.e. their pre-active and interactive decision-making, was gleaned from intensive pre-lesson and post-lesson interviews. The video-recording lessons were played back to them for stimulated recall of their interactive thinking and decision-making. Together with biographical interviews, teacher diaries, and the researcher’s field-notes, these instruments helped get a sense of the mechanics and dynamics of how these two science teachers make planning, teaching and assessment decisions in the fluidity of the present curriculum habitat in South Africa. The main finding from this study is that teachers do not make extensive use of their considerable decision-making space; I characterize this phenomenon as passivity in decision-making. It was found, further, that a number of decision-making frame factors have a bearing on teachers’ tendency to abdicate their decision-making authority; However, an unexpected finding was the extent to which the commercially prepared ‘outcomes-based’ learning support material shapes what happens in science classrooms. In theorizing teachers’ passivity-in-decision-making during complex curriculum change, I draw on and extend the scholarship on the intensification of teachers’ work, by arguing that South African teacher essentially cede their decision-making authority to ‘outcomes-based’ texts, in order to cope with the overwhelming and multiple threats of intensification of their work. The evidence in this study demonstrate that the veritable threats of intensification of teachers’ work, which typically accompany radical curriculum change in developing countries, stifles teachers’ opportunities to bridge the gap between policy and practice. / Thesis (PhD (Education))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

This study attempts to understand how domestic CITES policies are translated into action and what effect actions and processes have on compliance. In doing so, this study provides insight into the implementation and enforcement pitfalls of national legislation that explain CITES violations in Nepal. Primarily, I used key informants interviews to learn opinions of experts, and the grounded theory approach for further qualitative data analysis. In addition, I used Najman’s (1995) policy implementation analysis framework to explain gaps. Many interrelated variables in the content of the policy, commitment and capacity of the agencies, the roles of clients and coalitions and contextual issues were observed. Variables that emerged suggest pitfalls in the regulatory policy represented by low probability of detection, arrest and punishment. Moreover, redistributive policies in buffer zones of protected areas are needed into perpetuity to benefit locals. Also, conservation organizations’ support for building public and political salience is imperative.

Canada’s official languages policy makes English and French the country’s official languages in federal institutions. The policy has succeeded in fostering equitable representation of both official languages groups in the federal public service and has improved capacities for the public service to serve the citizenry in its official language of choice. It is a puzzle however, that despite these advances, the Canadian federal public service continues to operate predominantly in English when both official languages on paper are equal languages of work. To explore this puzzle this dissertation asks: why, despite the promise of the Official Languages Act (OLA) 1969 for choice in language of work and the OLA 1988 that made the choice a claimable right, is there inequitable access to French as a language of work in the federal public service? Framed through a historical institutionalist approach and layering, this project analyzes the implementation of the official languages program in the federal public service from 1967-2013. This thesis argues that the implementation of the official languages program could not challenge the federal public service’s path dependency to operate predominantly in English. By analyzing the roles of actors and institutions that influenced the process, this dissertation finds that lack of structural change, inadequate managerial engagement and a false sense that official languages are engrained in the public service, can explain the persistence of English as the dominant language of work.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / In developing economies and specifically Sub-Saharan Africa physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor along with tobacco use / South Africa

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-01T13:27:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao Raquel Monica Lopes de Mendonca.pdf: 11290122 bytes, checksum: 358e7fae57d378c6df3e435c056bb642 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T13:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao Raquel Monica Lopes de Mendonca.pdf: 11290122 bytes, checksum: 358e7fae57d378c6df3e435c056bb642 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Essa dissertação se propôs a analisar o processo de implementação do Centro Acadêmico do Agreste (CAA) - UFPE à luz das variáveis intervenientes no processo de implementação propostas por Sabatier (1986). Esse modelo considera seis variáveis, três delas ligadas às decisões políticas: objetivos claros e coerentes; adequada teoria causal; e o processo de implementação legalmente estruturado. E as outras três variáveis ligadas às pressões políticas: implementações governamentais comprometidas e habilidosas; apoio de grupos de interesse e superiores; e mudanças nas condições sócio-econômicas. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e foi realizada por um estudo de caso de caráter descritivo. Os dados secundários foram coletados com a realização de pesquisa documental, em que as variáveis ligadas às decisões políticas foram analisadas, e por pesquisa aos dados primários, em que foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores implementadores. A seleção inicial desses atores se deu por grau de participação no processo de implementação e prosseguiu utilizando a técnica “bola de neve”, em que cada entrevistado foi indicando outros agentes importantes na implementação do CAA. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela técnica da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados encontrados permitiram conhecer a dinâmica de cada variável nesse processo de implementação. A interiorização apresentava objetivos claros e coerentes, como: a elevação do nível educacional da população, provendo a demanda da região por educação pública superior e o desenvolvimento regional. A política também se valia de uma teoria causal válida: o desenvolvimento da região por meio da oferta da educação superior. Quanto ao processo legalmente estruturado, apesar do Programa não ter sido criado por meio de uma lei, o Ministério da Educação assumiu o compromisso de prover os recursos necessários para implementação. A burocracia encontrada nos trâmites do serviço público foi apontada como um fator de “engessamento” do processo de implementação. O comprometimento do Governo Federal com a interiorização foi destacado como principal diferencial para o êxito do processo, que também contou com apoio de grupos de interesse que viabilizaram a chegada da UFPE em Caruaru. A implementação foi também beneficiada por um momento de estabilidade econômica que favoreceu a implementação, como um todo. Apesar desse período de estabilidade, outras dificuldades interferiram nesse processo. Conclui-se que o cenário político nacional facilitou o processo de implementação do campus do Agreste, que apesar de ter encontrado alguns apoios importantes, também encontrou barreiras de natureza interna e externa, que foram administradas com a decisão política e a articulação da comunidade caruaruense. / This dissertation aimed to analyze the process of implementing the Academic center of the Agreste (CAA) -UFPE according to the intervening variables in the process of implementation proposed by Sabatier (1986). This model considers six variables, three of them related to political decisions: clear and consistent goals; suitable causal theory; and legally structured implementation process. The other three variables are related to political pressures: committed and skilled government implementations; support of interested and superior groups; and changes in socio-economic conditions. The research had a qualitative approach and was conducted by a descriptive case study. Secondary data were collected through desk research in which the variables linked to political decisions were analyzed; for primary data research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the implementing actors. The initial selection of these actors was based on the degree of participation in the implementation process. After these first interviews, this study used the technique "snowball" in which each interviewee indicated other important actors in implementing process. Data analysis was performed by the technique of content analysis. The results allowed us to know the dynamics of each variable in this implementation process. The process of internalization had a clear and consistent objectives, such as: raising the educational level of the population, providing the region's demand for public higher education and regional development. The policy also worth a valid causal theory: the development of the region through the provision of higher education. Although the policy has not been created by a law, the Ministry of Education is committed to providing the necessary resources for its implementation. The bureaucracy found in public service procedures was identified as a factor of "inflexibility" of the implementation process. The commitment of the Federal Government with the campus internalization was highlighted as a key differentiator for the success of the process, which also had the support of interest groups that enabled the arrival of UFPE in Caruaru. The implementation was also benefited from a time of economic stability that favored the implementation as a whole. Despite this period of stability, other difficulties interfered in this process. We conclude that the national political scene facilitated the implementation process of UFPE campus in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, that despite having found some important support, also found internal and external nature barriers, which were managed by the political decision and the articulation of local community of Caruaru.