Construction nationale et néo-ritualisation : analyse anthropologique de la célébration du nouvel an kurde (Newroz).Cette étude traite de la transformation progressive des représentations, des croyances et despratiques associées à la célébration du nouvel an Newroz par le mouvement national kurde enTurquie. La recherche aborde Newroz comme une tradition inventée et explore les fonctionsde cette forme de néo-ritualisation dans la construction de l'identification collective à lanation kurde.La première partie situe l'intégration de cette fête aux origines zoroastriennes dans lerépertoire symbolique du nationalisme ethno-culturel kurde et décrit les fonctions qu'elleassure dans le contexte de recomposition des frontières étatiques du Moyen-Orient post-ottoman. Dans un deuxième temps, la recherche se concentre sur les réaménagementssymboliques subis par la tradition Newroz, suite à l'adoption d'une idéologie marxiste parcertaines factions du mouvement national kurde à partir des années 60. La recherche estcentrée d'une part sur la modification des représentations et croyances associées au nouvel anet d'autre part sur la modification des pratiques associées à sa célébration dans la décennie 90,désormais arènes d'affrontements violents avec les forces de l'ordre. L'étude se concentreensuite sur l'institutionnalisation de la tradition Newroz par deux nationalismes concurrents.Dans un premier temps, la recherche aborde la réintégration de la tradition inventée,désormais orthographiée Nevruz, dans le répertoire symbolique du nationalisme turc endétaillant les fonctions inédites de la tradition (ré) inventée dans ce nouveau contexte. Dansun deuxième temps, la recherche explore les politiques culturelles actuellement menées parles élus du parti pro-kurde légal détenant le pouvoir municipal dans le sud-est de la Turquie etpropose une analyse anthropologique de la célébration contemporaine du nouvel an par lemouvement national kurde en Turquie.L'intérêt théorique principal de cette étude est de reposer la question de la rigidité destraditions inventées en montrant comment une tradition a été soumise à des réaménagementssymboliques au sein d'un mouvement national particulier et en abordant les modalités de sontransfert dans le répertoire symbolique d'un nationalisme concurrent.Mots cléfs : invention de la tradition, néo-ritualisation, nationalisme, identificationscollectives, mobilisation ethno-culturelle kurde en Turquie. / National construction and neo-ritualization: anthropological analysis of the celebration of the Kurdish New Year (Newroz). This study deals with the gradual transformation of representations, beliefs and practices associated with celebration of New Year Newroz by the national Kurdish movement in Turkey. The research looks at Newroz as an invented tradition and explores the functions of this form of neo-ritualization in the construction of collective identifications with the Kurdish nation.Part 1 positions the integration of this festival with Zoroastrian origins in the symbolic repertoire of Kurdish ethno-cultural nationalism and describes the functions it performs in the context of the recomposition of state frontiers in the post-Ottoman Middle East. In the second part, the research focuses on the symbolic redevelopments undergone by the Newroz tradition after adoption of a Marxist ideology by certain factions of the Kurdish national movement starting in the 1960s. The research centres on the one hand on modification of the representations and beliefs associated with the New Year and, on the other, on the modification in practices associated with its celebration in the 1990s, from which point it became the arena of violent clashes with the security forces. The study then focuses on institutionalisation of the Newroz tradition by two competing nationalisms. The research initially focuses on the reintegration of the invented tradition, now written Nevruz, in the symbolic repertoire of Turkish nationalism, by detailing the unprecedented functions of the (re)invented tradition in this new context. In a second phase, the research explores the cultural policies currently implemented by elected members of the legal pro-Kurdish party holding municipal power in the south-east of Turkey and proposes an anthropological analysis of the contemporary New Year celebration by the national Kurdish movement in Turkey.The main theoretical interest of this study is that it resituates the question of the rigidity of invented traditions by showing how a tradition was subjected to symbolic redevelopments within a particular national movement and exploring the ways in which it was transferred into the symbolic repertoire of a competing nationalism.Key words : invention of tradition, neo-ritualization, nationalism, collective identifications, Kurdish ethno-cultural mobilisation in Turkey.

This thesis examines the question of how primitive states form. The first part of the thesis defines a state. I then analyse Hobbes�s Theory of the Commonwealth by Acquisition (TCA), expounded in Leviathan. I conclude that this theory fails as an answer to the question of how primitive states form as it suffers from at least five major flaws. I go on to explain, modify and correct Hobbes�s TCA through techniques that have been used in modern critiques of Hobbes�s Theory of the Commonwealth by Institution. The result is the strongest possible answer that Hobbes can give to the question of how primitive states form. I conclude that his attempt fails as even if the technical aspects of his theory can be fixed, the overall problem of empirical falsification occurs. I then put forward my own theory, based on the modified Hobbesian theory. The major innovation is the replacement of individuals with groups in the Hobbesian State of Nature. This move answers the problem of empirical falsification, at least initially. The theory also helps to explain several of the more technical problems with Hobbes�s theory. The resulting theory is a Hobbesian theory of primitive state formation. The next step in the thesis is to match the Hobbesian theory of primitive state formation to the empirical evidence of primitive state formation, represented by anthropology. I analyse the anthropological literature and put forward that at least one recent research program in anthropology matches my Hobbesian theory of primitive state formation. I conclude that Hobbesian theory, based on the TCA can be successfully modernised into a plausible answer to the question of how primitive states formed.

This thesis mainly aims to understand how the realms of &ldquo / the political&rdquo / and &ldquo / nonpolitical&rdquo / are comprehended, defined and differentiated on the practice of volunteerism in civil society. This study is based on an ethnographic research conducted with people who are volunteering in a Non-Governmental Organization in Turkey working in the field of education. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation by following the volunteers who regularly visit the elementary schools in villages and Yatili Ilk&ouml / gretim B&ouml / lge Okullari (Regional Boarding Elementary Schools) in order to help school children. Volunteers&rsquo / strong emphasis on the construction of volunteer activity and political activity as opposing categories and their strategies and rules conducted for avoiding any political representation, their perception of politics as &ldquo / spoiled&rdquo / and useless and responsibilizing themselves for their target group constituted the grounds of this study. Basing on the data and following the Foucauldian concept of governmentality / it is argued that the idea &ldquo / non-politics&rdquo / is a new type of politics which is experienced in late liberalism. By prioritizing &ldquo / how&rdquo / questions, this study discusses how volunteerism and politics are defined and how individuals feel responsible for the tasks which were previously seen as duties of state.

This dissertation analyzes how governance and community-based politics of claims in marginalized Muslim neighborhoods of Mumbai are continually reconfigured in relation to one another. By tracing this relationship, I problematize conceptualizations of governmental forms and community that don't adequately attend to their co-constitution in practice. More specifically, I examine the intersections between state practices and claims of belonging in Mumbai neighborhoods inhabited by Muslims who, impelled by regional economic inequalities, immigrated to the city from North India and other parts of the country. A large number of them traditionally belong to artisanal communities and are today engaged in the informal sector of the economy. I am interested in understanding how competing and converging claims are made to locality, urban space, labor, and caste in the interactions between these working-class Muslim communities and the state in a city that has become highly segregated along religious and regional lines. I argue that state and marginalized community in minoritized areas are not defined by independence and isolation, but by a relationship of co-generation marked by convergence and contradiction. My analysis of the interactions between community forms and state practices explores modes of laying claim to localizing forms of belonging with respect to urban space, public religiosity, histories of labor, kinship, and 'backward' caste politics. / Anthropology

This dissertation tracks the creation and implementation of India's 2006 Forest Rights Act or FRA, a landmark law that for the first time grants land rights to the millions who live without them in the country's forests. I follow the law in relation to the forest rights movement that has been central in lobbying for, drafting, and implementing it in order to examine both how the movement has shaped the law's meaning as well as how contests and alliances over the law's text and meaning have transformed the many movements citing and using the law. Drawing on ethnographic and archival research, I track the law from contests over its drafting in New Delhi to contests over its meaning in Ramnagar, a North Indian village. Ramnagar was settled by landless forest dwellers organized by forest rights activists, and its continued but still precarious existence is premised on a claim to land through the Act. I show that the meaning of the FRA was contested at every stage through collective action oriented around what Bakhtin (1982) terms `chronotopes,' the joint depiction of time, place, and characters in language. By diagnosing contemporary injustice through a depiction of the past and pointing to a just future to be brought about through the action of a collective, political movements and identifications form around and act through chronotopes. The movements enacting the Forest Rights Act have critically seized upon what one bureaucrat involved in its drafting called its `word traps,' words or phrases in the text with apparently uncontroversial literal meanings that in fact allow the law to be read through the political chronotopes of political parties or movements. By attending to the relationship between the legal text, its chronotopic deployment, and collective action, my project provides new ways to understand laws in political practice and language in political practice. / Anthropology

This thesis examines the question of how primitive states form. The first part of the thesis defines a state. I then analyse Hobbes�s Theory of the Commonwealth by Acquisition (TCA), expounded in Leviathan. I conclude that this theory fails as an answer to the question of how primitive states form as it suffers from at least five major flaws. I go on to explain, modify and correct Hobbes�s TCA through techniques that have been used in modern critiques of Hobbes�s Theory of the Commonwealth by Institution. The result is the strongest possible answer that Hobbes can give to the question of how primitive states form. I conclude that his attempt fails as even if the technical aspects of his theory can be fixed, the overall problem of empirical falsification occurs. I then put forward my own theory, based on the modified Hobbesian theory. The major innovation is the replacement of individuals with groups in the Hobbesian State of Nature. This move answers the problem of empirical falsification, at least initially. The theory also helps to explain several of the more technical problems with Hobbes�s theory. The resulting theory is a Hobbesian theory of primitive state formation. The next step in the thesis is to match the Hobbesian theory of primitive state formation to the empirical evidence of primitive state formation, represented by anthropology. I analyse the anthropological literature and put forward that at least one recent research program in anthropology matches my Hobbesian theory of primitive state formation. I conclude that Hobbesian theory, based on the TCA can be successfully modernised into a plausible answer to the question of how primitive states formed.

Bibliography : leaves [286]-293 / vii, 293 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Discipline of Anthropology, 1993

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 470-480).

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-08-29T20:20:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 6839.pdf: 3641330 bytes, checksum: 560bafbe5bbc31b0d2b5e318f41a4a50 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-08-29T20:23:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 6839.pdf: 3641330 bytes, checksum: 560bafbe5bbc31b0d2b5e318f41a4a50 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-08-29T20:23:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 6839.pdf: 3641330 bytes, checksum: 560bafbe5bbc31b0d2b5e318f41a4a50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T20:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6839.pdf: 3641330 bytes, checksum: 560bafbe5bbc31b0d2b5e318f41a4a50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho analisa a política de financiamento estabelecida no convênio de cogestão entre a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Campinas e o Serviço de Saúde Dr. Cândido Ferreira (SSCF) desde 1990. A partir do discurso dos profissionais que trabalham nessa instituição, descreve como, no SSCF, fazer política é inerente à prática clínica, às relações de negociação com aquela secretaria, às estratégias de escrita e fabricação de documentos do convênio. A etnografia foi realizada na Comissão de Acompanhamento do Convênio, na Comissão de Moradias, nas reuniões da equipe do Serviço Residencial Terapêutico (SRT), num curso de capacitação para os profissionais desse serviço e num evento comemorativo dos 20 anos de sua implementação. As modificações decorrentes do processo de reforma no modelo psiquiátrico, descritas com base no discurso mnemônico dos profissionais, e seus efeitos na vida de uma moradora do SRT revelam os rearranjos técnicos e arquitetônicos que produziram a reabilitação dos internos, o Projeto Terapêutico Individual (PTI) e uma rede de assistência. No SRT, foi instituída uma ―tecnologia de cuidado‖, elaborada a partir da singularidade dos usuários, que articula procedimentos e saberes não somente psiquiátricos, mas também clínicos, psicológicos e geriátricos, em intervenções de acompanhamento (controle contínuo), monitoramento (vigilância a distância) e gestão com o objetivo de governar a conduta e o projeto de vida daqueles. A ―clínica do detalhe‖, o ―manejo terapêutico‖ e a ―relação de cogestão‖ permitem à equipe avaliar, calcular e problematizar a demanda singular do usuário, racionalizada em dados que são registrados em documentos e transformados em parâmetros que disseminam as informações entre os profissionais e possibilitam medir a efetividade das intervenções terapêuticas, bem como aperfeiçoá-las, planejá-las e gerenciar as metas do SRT. Essa forma de proceder, que transmuta as informações em conhecimento singular, que as inscreve em documentos e as torna visíveis aos administradores municipais, justifica o financiamento e autoriza as práticas de governo no SRT. / This work analyzes the established funding policy in co-management agreement between the Municipal Health Sector Campinas and the Health Service Dr. Cândido Ferreira (Serviço de Saúde Dr. Cândido Ferreira–SSCF) since 1990. From the professionals‘ speech who works in this institution, I describe how, in the SSCF, making politics is inherent to the clinical practice, the negotiating relationship with that Health Sector, the writing strategies and manufacturing agreement documents. The ethnography was held at the Agreement Monitoring Commission, at the House Commission, at the meeting of the Therapeutic Residential Services‘ Team (Serviço Residencial Terapêutico–SRT) and at one training course of this professionals in this area and at commemorative event of the 20 years of its implementation. The changes arising from the reform process within the psychiatric model, described was based on mnemonic professional‘s speech, and its effects on the life of one resident of SRT, reveals the technical and architectural rearrangements that produced the rehabilitation of the inmates, the Individual Therapeutic Project and to a support network. In SRT, a ―care technology‖ was implemented, drawn from the singularity of users, combining not only psychiatric procedures and knowledge, but also clinical, psychological and geriatric in monitoring interventions (continuous control), monitoring (monitoring the distance) and management in order to govern the conduct and the life project of those. The ―clinic of detail‖, the ―therapeutic management‖ and the ―co-management relationship‖ allows the team to evaluate, calculate and discuss the individual demand, rationalized in data which are recorded in documents and made into parameters that disseminate information between professionals enabling the latter to measure the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions and improve them, plan them and manage the SRT goals. This way of proceeding, that transmutes the information in singular knowledge that subscribe thus into documents and makes them visible to the municipal administrators, justifies funding and authorizes the government practices to the SRT.

Première ethnographie consacrée à un système d’esclavage amérindien, cette thèse est une contribution à l’anthropologie politique amazoniste et à l’anthropologie de l’esclavage. Elle se fonde sur un travail de terrain mené entre 2004 et 2011 chez les Yuqui de l’Amazonie bolivienne, des nomades de langue tupi-guarani, dernier groupe contacté dans la région dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle par des missionnaires évangélistes. Le service éternel est l’archéologie d’une institution, a priori révolue, par l’analyse des représentations et des pratiques de celle-ci dans la mémoire collective et la vie quotidienne. Cette étude s’appuie sur un travail d’observation participante mené au gré des pérégrinations yuqui dans différents espaces (forestier, missionnaire et urbain), un riche corpus d’archives et des documents récoltés sur le terrain. L’objectif central vise à démontrer que l’esclavage yuqui est un système de reproduction endogène de l’altérité nécessaire à la construction du Soi à la suite d’un long processus d’isolement. Composée de quatre parties qui nous emmènent des premiers temps de la conquête au second mandat du président Evo Morales, cette thèse éclaire sous un jour nouveau les relations de subordination amérindiennes, en décrivant un système de domination au sein duquel un chef autoritaire tire son prestige des esclaves. Pour comprendre cette institution servile, une attention particulière est d’abord portée aux processus de procréation et d’appropriation des individus, fondée sur la relation asymétrique de nourrissement. / First ethnography dedicated to a Amerindian slavery system, this doctoral thesis is a contribution to the Amazonist political anthropology and to the anthropology of slavery. It is based on a fieldwork conducted between 2004 and 2011 among the Yuqui people of Bolivian Amazon, who are Tupi-Guarani speaking nomads. They are the last group contacted in the region in the second half of the twentieth century by Evangelist missionaries. « The Eternal Service » is an archeology of an a priori passed institution through the analysis of its representations and practices in the collective memory and everyday life. This study is based on participant observation work carried out during the Yuqui’s peregrination in three different spaces (forest, mission and the city), and on a rich body of archives and documents collected in the field. The central objective is to demonstrate that Yuqui slavery is an endogenous reproductive system of alterity, that became necessary for the construction of the Self as a result of a long process of isolation. Composed of four parts which take the reader from the early stages of the Conquest to the second mandate of the President Evo Morales, this thesis sheds a new light on Amerindian subordination relations, describing a system of domination in which an authoritarian leader’s prestige derives from slaves possession. To understand this servile institution, attention is first paid to the reproductive process and the appropriation of individuals, which is based on an asymmetrical feeding relationship.