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This thesis The Portrayal of women in Slovak print media advertising 1992-2012 addresses the way women are depicted in advertising in three selected Slovak magazines, at three points in time; 1992, 2002 and 2012. The work aims to discover in what direction the portrayal of women in magazine advertisements has evolved during this period when advertising occupies more and more space in the media. This work deals with gender issues and focuses mainly on the roles in which women are represented in advertising. Their passivity or activity and sexual objectification are examined through content and semiotic analysis. The dual mode of analysis will allow us to better understand the mechanisms of the depiction of women in advertising and compare the different ways women are portrayed in the media depending on the target audience.

Thesis (M.A. (English) -- University of Limpopo, 2010 / This dissertation examines the way in which two South African novelists, Zakes Mda and J.M. Coetzee, portray the sexual abuse of women during the apartheid and post-apartheid eras. The two selected novels used in this research are The Madonna of Excelsior (2002) by Mda and Disgrace (2000) by Coetzee. The research, furthermore, analyses the attitudes of the sexual abusers and their victims in both eras as well as examines the effects of socio-economic imbalances that might have prompted the men to sexually abuse women whom they should be offering protection against any form of violence and abuse. The study furthermore identifies and analyses the factors that hinder victims from reporting their sexual abuse to the police. Finally, this dissertation also presents a comparative study of the differences and the similarities between the way the two novelists portray sexual abuse.

Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / This research focuses on the analysis of poems on the portrayal of women by the two Xitsonga poets: Magaisa, J.M., Mihloti and Xikolokolo Nguvu, ya Pitori and Marhanele, M.M. Vumunhu bya Phatiwa and Swifaniso swa Vutomi. The main focus will be on the influence of Xitsonga culture on their portrayal of women, basing the argument on what the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 says. In Chapter 1, there is a problem statement, aims of the study, rationale for the study, the significance of the study, the methodology, referring to the collection of data, where there is a primary and secondary research methods, scope and delimitation of the study and the literature review. The focus on Chapter 2 is on the explanation of what culture is, that each culture has the good and the bad in it, no culture is static. Chapter 3 focuses on the techniques employed by the poets in their portrayal of women. The focus in Chapter 4 is on the functions of poetry, basing on different eras, that is, the apartheid and democratic South Africa. The analysis of the selected poems will be dealt with in Chapter 5, divided into the married and the unmarried women. Chapter 6 focuses on places where women are discriminated against. Chapter 7 is a conclusion of the dissertation, and also look at what can be done to alleviate this discrimination.

Duzentos anos após seu falecimento, as obras de Jane Austen ainda ecoam nas pessoas. Elas têm sido adaptadas das formas mais variadas, nas mais diferente mídias. Os Diários de Lizzie Bennet é um projeto transmidiático que transpõe o romance Orgulho e Preconceito (1813) para uma vídeo-série veiculada no YouTube de 2012 a 2013 de forma serializada. Esta pesquisa analisa de que forma temas que influenciam a vida das mulheres, como casamento, classe social e dinheiro, foram transpostos do período regencial inglês para a Califórnia-EUA do século vinte-um. Esta análise considera que ambas as obras são compostas por duas camadas de significado: a primeira é constituída pela comédia romântica que dialoga com a cultura popular; a segunda é mais profunda, através da qual a crítica social é revelada. No que tange ao referencial teórico, a relação entre a noção de subjetividade na virada do século dezenove e a expansão da vida privada na esfera pública no século vinte-um, conforme Jon Dovey (2000), é base para compreender como a estrutura de ambas as narrativas contribui na produção de significado. As discussões sobre feminismo e pós-feminismo na cultura popular de Angela McRobbie (2009) e Imelda Whelean (2010) tornam possível a observação da construção dos temas. Em Orgulho e Preconceito, as instituições sociais estabelecidas não são amplamente questionadas. Em vez disso, a composição da subjetividade dos personagens, especialmente das mulheres, revela a crítica a elementos sociais da época. Os Diários de Lizzie Bennet, a seu turno, desafiam as representações da mulher provenientes da cultura popular pós-feminista. A análise da adaptação revela que as mulheres ainda estão restritas a determinados papéis sociais assim como aquelas situadas no romance. Ainda há a necessidade de se encontrar equilíbrio. / Two hundred years after her demise, Jane Austen’s works still resonate with people. They have been adapted in numerous ways through different media. The Lizzie Bennet Diaries is a transmedia project, which transposes the novel Pride and Prejudice (1813) to a videoblog series aired on YouTube from 2012 to 2013 in a serialised mode. This investigation analyses the ways issues concerning the lives of women, such as marriage, money and social class, were adapted from Regency England to twenty-first century California-USA. The analysis understands both works as consisting of two layers of meaning: a romantic comedy layer which converses with popular culture, and a deeper one through which social criticism is revealed. In theoretical terms, the relationship between the notion of subjectivity in the turn of nineteenth century and the spread of private life into the public sphere in the twenty-first century, as proposed by Jon Dovey (2000), informs the analysis of the structural elements of both narratives which contribute to the production of meaning. The discussions on feminism and post-feminism in popular culture by Angela McRobbie (2009) and Imelda Whelehan (2010) make it possible to observe the construction of the themes. In Pride and Prejudice, the established social institutions are not overtly questioned. Instead, it is the composition of the characters’ subjectivities, especially those of women, which reveals criticism on the social context of the time. The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, for its part, challenges the established representations of women as informed by postfeminist popular culture. In the end, it seems to propose that women are, in fact, still restrained by social roles, just as the ones in the novel are. There is yet a need to find balance.

The thesis deals with self-regulation in the advertising, especially image of women in advertising. The main theme focuses on portrayal of women in advertising, gender stereotypes, and sexism. The practical part examines the available studies on women's image and analyzes advertising dealt with Arbitration Commission of Advertising Council in period 2005 - 2009. In conclusion there is a set of recommendations for self-regulatin in advertising.

I takt med att intresset för true crime- och infotainment i media växer sig större ökar behovet av att studera nyhetsmediernas påverkan på skapandet av könsbaserade maktrelationer. Syftet med denna studie är att få en ökad förståelse för hur maktrelationer produceras genom tryckt nyhetsmedias rapportering kring kvinnor som mördar. Fokus ligger på att identifiera vilka diskursiva strategier och uteslutningsmekanismer som används för att skapa dessa maktrelationer. Studien genomförs genom en foucaultiansk diskursanalys på 38 artiklar från svensk tryckt nyhetsförmedling som berör kvinnor som mördat. Vidare används ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av genusperspektiv samt gestaltningsteori för att bidra till en djupare förståelse för analysens resultat. Studien fann att de diskursiva strategier som primärt används var klassificeringar, språkbruk och anspråk på galenskap. Genom dessa strategier identifierade studien vidare två diskursiva utrymmen för kvinnor som mördar - den “goda” och den “onda” mördaren. Studien fann att dessa två utrymmen var starkt kopplade till hur mördarens femininitet var porträtterad, där de “goda” blev porträtterade som feminina till skillnad från de “onda”. / As the true crime and infotainment industries grow larger, the need to study the news media's impact on the creation of gendered power relations grow larger. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how power relations are produced by news media in their reporting on female killers. Of special interest is identifying which discursive strategies and mechanisms of exclusion that are used in order create these power relations. The study achieves this by analyzing 38 articles from Swedish news media about female murderers using a Foucauldian discourse analysis. Furthermore, a theoretical framework consisting of gender theory and framing theory is used to further understand the findings. The study found that the main discursive strategies that were used were categorization, rhetorical strategies and similaes, and references to madness. From these strategies the study identified two discursive spaces for female murderers to populate - the ‘good’ murderer and the ‘evil’ one. These two spaces were found to be strictly linked with how the femininity of the murderer was portrayed, where the ‘good’ were portrayed as feminine and the ‘evil’ weren’t.