The emergence of resilience in the peacebuilding field shows an important change of paradigm and turn to the local context. So far few ethnographic research has been done to understand how resilience works locally and what are the mechanisms helping individuals to cope and recover from a crisis. This study intends to fill this gap through an ethnographic study of local mechanisms, structures, and understandings of resilience, gathering insights on the perspectives and experiences of women in a conflict-sensitive and post-natural disaster context. It relies on an abductive and inductive methodology using interviews and field-based observations answering the following research questions: 1) How are national and local organizations seeking to enhance the resilience of women in Putumayo? What are the tools and strategies they use? How are these related to their own understanding of resilience? 2) How do the women perceive and act in terms of resilience? How do they manage the consequences of the conflict and the natural catastrophe? What are their strategies of survival? The study brings forth a frame building on the current state of the literature, underlying factors contributing to the resilience of the local population in Putumayo and shedding light on local perspectives to contribute and deepen our current understanding of the concept.

Studies on post-disaster housing in rural areas of Turkey show that these houses do not respond to all the needs of users. After the earthquake of June 2000, 1,221 permanent post-disaster houses (PDH) were erected in the villages of &Ccedil / ankiri. Some of these PDH were built with Typical Designs while others were custom-designed for the beneficiaries who had rejected the Typical Designs of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. The aim of this study was to pinpoint those factors of the PDH which led to satisfaction or dissatisfaction among the beneficiaries and, hence, abandonment of these houses. A survey was carried out in the area to determine the types of PDH built &amp / #8211 / used or abandoned &amp / #8211 / any additions or alterations made and for which purpose, and user&amp / #8217 / s degree of satisfaction with their houses. Those PDH which were altered and to which any additional spaces were added were measured and drawn to visually record the changes made by the beneficiaries. A random sample of 90 families was selected for the investigation. A questionnaire was prepared for the study which was administered to the permanent users of the PDH with Typical Designs and Custom Designs and the beneficiaries who refused to move to the PDH with Typical Designs. Data obtained from the questionnaires was analysed with the help of statistical tools. It was revealed that Traditional Houses in the villages are better equipped to answer the local needs / PDH with Typical Designs do not meet the needs of the users / PDH with Custom Designs are closer to user needs / and that some beneficiaries who refused to move to new settlements preferred to construct PDH on the lots of their previous houses. In addition, a survey was carried out in the villages to understand geographical, topographical and climatic conditions and house typology in the region. Additions and modifications made in the PDH with Typical Designs were recorded and at the end of the study, guidelines for post-disaster reconstruction works and design of PDH in rural areas have been proposed.

No description available.

My dissertation offers insight into the political epistemology of the Chinese Communist Party and state on the basis of their activities during the post-2008 Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction. By “political epistemology,” I mean how the Party thinks about the nature of politics, including but not limited to the role of the state in the economy. An important facet of this approach is taking seriously the CCP’s distinctive manner of thinking, writing, and talking about politics that is too often dismissed as empty jargon that means little in post-Mao China. I show how a Maoist conception of politics remains at the bedrock of how the CCP understands its own political identity and actions. Certainly, many of the salient features of Maoism have been discarded, such as the emphasis on class struggle, continuous revolution, and the role of the masses in political movements. Despite these trends toward de-politicization and technocracy, the Party’s confidence in the rationality of its planning apparatus and in its ability to mobilize politically to achieve the ends of market construction and biopolitical social transformation constitutes what I call Maoist neo-developmentalism. Each of my empirical case chapters examines a localized combination of post-disaster reconstruction with a national strategy for long-term, “great leap” development. Thus, each chapter traces how the Party’s plans to capitalize the countryside - by way of urbanization, tourism, and ecology – have become stuck in transitional processes. The spectacular market transitions and transformations envisioned by Party leaders became cycles of state investment in local economies that only function by virtue of continued state involvement. The Party’s massive expenditures of maintaining the appearance of success, however, generated local resentment at perceived waste, indifference, and corruption. Each case chapter shows evidence not so much of social resistance to the state (although of course that happened, too) but an intimate negotiation between state and society of high expectations, broken promises, and frustrations. I argue that these “perforations” deep within the tissue of the state-society relationship only make sense when viewed from the context of a Maoist social contact in which the Party’s legitimacy depends on its perceived ability to serve the people. / text

Flooding is a global challenge that has plagued mankind throughout history, affecting over 164 million people worldwide in 2007 alone. As the frequency of flooding increases in England and Wales coupled with an increase in the number of properties at risk of flooding and the attendant huge (insured) economic costs of flooding, the services received by homeowners during flood damage repair works, have not been spared criticism, Both the Welsh Consumer Council report and the Warwickshire Trading Standards report raised serious questions about the level of service in insurance claims for the repair of flood-damaged domestic property. This research project was therefore aimed at investigating the level of service quality and determinants of homeowners’ satisfaction in England and Wales with respect to flood damage repair works during insurance claims. A comprehensive literature review was conducted on customers’ needs, satisfaction and service quality, flooding and related issues, and the repair of flood damaged domestic property, in order to set the framework for the research and shape the development of the research questions/hypotheses. The study employed a two-phased sequential mixed methods approach, commencing with 20 in-depth interviews with homeowners, repairers, insurers and loss adjusters. Findings from the initial exploratory study (and from the literature review) informed the development of a questionnaire instrument, which incorporated elements of SERVQUAL, the generic service quality measurement instrument. Survey data were collected for the quantitative phase of the study from a sample of 126 homeowners, which was then analysed to test the hypotheses put forward in the study. The data did not yield a set of reliable and interpretable factors of service quality from the three service quality scales used to measure homeowners’ perceptions of the performance of insurers, loss adjusters and contractors. However, of the three key service providers, the contractor’s performance was the best predictor of homeowners’ overall satisfaction during flood damage reinstatement claims, accounting for seven times the combined unique contribution of insurance and loss adjusting firms. In addition, satisfaction levels were significantly different for homeowners whose claims for repair works were completed within six months compared to those repairs exceeded twelve months. The thesis concludes with implications of the findings for practice as well as recommendations for further research. It is argued that knowledge of the determinants of homeowners’ satisfaction with services during the repair of flood damaged property, is beneficial not only to insurers, loss adjusters and repairers but to homeowners as well.

Plusieurs études ont révélé des problèmes récurrents au niveau de la performance et de la gestion des projets de reconstruction à la suite des catastrophes dans les pays en voie de développement (PEVD). Ces projets doivent faire face à des conditions de vulnérabilité des habitants, engendrées par des facteurs politiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels. Les divers participants - contraints par un accès limité à l’information - sont confrontés à travailler dans un contexte hostile ayant un niveau d’incertitude élevé. Ce niveau d’incertitude augmente les risques du projet de reconstruction, particulièrement le risque d’insatisfaction des usagers. Ce travail vise à mettre en parallèle l’analyse du système organisationnel adopté pour la conduite d’un projet de reconstruction et celle du niveau de satisfaction des usagers. Il émet l’hypothèse suivante: deux facteurs organisationnels influencent largement le niveau de satisfaction de la part des bénéficiaires d’un projet de reconstruction de logements à la suite d’un désastre en PEVD: (i) le niveau de centralisation de la prise de décisions (jumelée au manque d’information) au sein de la Multi-Organisation Temporaire (MOT); et (ii) la capacité de la structure organisationnelle de la MOT d’impliquer la participation active des usagers au niveau de la planification, de la gestion, du financement et du design du projet. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, une recherche empirique fut menée pour analyser le cas des inondations ayant eu lieu en 2003 dans une ville dans la région du Maghreb. Le niveau de satisfaction des usagers a été déterminé grâce à des indicateurs de transfert de technologie qui se basent sur l’analyse du « Cadre Logique » - une méthode d’évaluation largement utilisée dans le domaine du développement international. Les résultats de la recherche ne visent pas à identifier une relation de cause à effet entre les deux variables étudiées (la structure organisationnelle et la satisfaction des usagers). Cependant, ils mettent en évidence certains principes du montage et de la gestion des projets qui peuvent être mis en place pour l’amélioration des pratiques de reconstruction. / Construction projects are temporary endeavors with a defined beginning and end, conducted by a temporary and multi-disciplinary team called a Temporary Multi-Organization (TMO). In the hostile environment of post-disaster reconstruction, participants of the TMO must confront high levels of uncertainty which increases project risks. The non-acceptability of project outcomes is one of the most frequent risks reported in literature (UNDRO, 1982; Barenstein, 2008; Dikmen, 2006). Acceptability is related with users’ satisfaction. However, according to the theory of bounded rationality, actors of the TMO - confronted with limited information and resources - cannot achieve an optimal solution. Instead, both project actors and end-users accept a «satisficing» [SIC] solution (Simon, 2004). This study hypothesizes that two organizational factors have an important influence on user satisfaction in post-disaster housing projects: (i) centralized decision making (coupled with lack of information); and (ii) the capacity of the structure of the Temporary Multi-Organization (TMO) to take into account the active participation of users in project planning, management, financing and design. A case study of a post-disaster housing project in the Maghreb region helps us validate this hypothesis. Building up on this hypothesis, indicators of technology transfer (as proposed by the Logical Framework Analysis) serve as a basis to assess users’ satisfaction. The research does not establish a cause-effect relationship between the two variables of the study. However, the analysis of the structure of the TMO and users’ satisfaction highlight several principles, related with the project initiation and management, that can be implemented to improve reconstruction practices in developing countries.

Plusieurs études ont révélé des problèmes récurrents au niveau de la performance et de la gestion des projets de reconstruction à la suite des catastrophes dans les pays en voie de développement (PEVD). Ces projets doivent faire face à des conditions de vulnérabilité des habitants, engendrées par des facteurs politiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels. Les divers participants - contraints par un accès limité à l’information - sont confrontés à travailler dans un contexte hostile ayant un niveau d’incertitude élevé. Ce niveau d’incertitude augmente les risques du projet de reconstruction, particulièrement le risque d’insatisfaction des usagers. Ce travail vise à mettre en parallèle l’analyse du système organisationnel adopté pour la conduite d’un projet de reconstruction et celle du niveau de satisfaction des usagers. Il émet l’hypothèse suivante: deux facteurs organisationnels influencent largement le niveau de satisfaction de la part des bénéficiaires d’un projet de reconstruction de logements à la suite d’un désastre en PEVD: (i) le niveau de centralisation de la prise de décisions (jumelée au manque d’information) au sein de la Multi-Organisation Temporaire (MOT); et (ii) la capacité de la structure organisationnelle de la MOT d’impliquer la participation active des usagers au niveau de la planification, de la gestion, du financement et du design du projet. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, une recherche empirique fut menée pour analyser le cas des inondations ayant eu lieu en 2003 dans une ville dans la région du Maghreb. Le niveau de satisfaction des usagers a été déterminé grâce à des indicateurs de transfert de technologie qui se basent sur l’analyse du « Cadre Logique » - une méthode d’évaluation largement utilisée dans le domaine du développement international. Les résultats de la recherche ne visent pas à identifier une relation de cause à effet entre les deux variables étudiées (la structure organisationnelle et la satisfaction des usagers). Cependant, ils mettent en évidence certains principes du montage et de la gestion des projets qui peuvent être mis en place pour l’amélioration des pratiques de reconstruction. / Construction projects are temporary endeavors with a defined beginning and end, conducted by a temporary and multi-disciplinary team called a Temporary Multi-Organization (TMO). In the hostile environment of post-disaster reconstruction, participants of the TMO must confront high levels of uncertainty which increases project risks. The non-acceptability of project outcomes is one of the most frequent risks reported in literature (UNDRO, 1982; Barenstein, 2008; Dikmen, 2006). Acceptability is related with users’ satisfaction. However, according to the theory of bounded rationality, actors of the TMO - confronted with limited information and resources - cannot achieve an optimal solution. Instead, both project actors and end-users accept a «satisficing» [SIC] solution (Simon, 2004). This study hypothesizes that two organizational factors have an important influence on user satisfaction in post-disaster housing projects: (i) centralized decision making (coupled with lack of information); and (ii) the capacity of the structure of the Temporary Multi-Organization (TMO) to take into account the active participation of users in project planning, management, financing and design. A case study of a post-disaster housing project in the Maghreb region helps us validate this hypothesis. Building up on this hypothesis, indicators of technology transfer (as proposed by the Logical Framework Analysis) serve as a basis to assess users’ satisfaction. The research does not establish a cause-effect relationship between the two variables of the study. However, the analysis of the structure of the TMO and users’ satisfaction highlight several principles, related with the project initiation and management, that can be implemented to improve reconstruction practices in developing countries.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第24152号 / 地環博第230号 / 新制||地環||44(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)准教授 落合 知帆, 教授 小林 広英, 教授 西前 出, 教授 勝見 武, 准教授 TRENCHER Gregory / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

[ES] La presente tesis de doctorado "Architecture in motion: procesos dinámicos en la reconstrucción post-catástrofe" reflexiona sobre la reconstrucción como un proceso en constante transformación. El objetivo principal es demostrar la necesidad de contar con una visión procesual de la intervención post-catástrofe para integrar a los usuarios con el entorno cambiante del contexto específico y con el fin de proteger y preservar a la identidad socioespacial del lugar. Para tal fin, se ha utilizado la metodología del reserch-by-design, concretamente en su primera fase de pre-design (observación y proyección), como un proceso de investigación llevado a cabo desde la experiencia vivida en primera persona en la localidad de Chamanga en Ecuador, donde se registró en el 2016 un evento sísmico de 7.8 de la escala Richter. La estructura del presente texto de investigación está estrictamente relacionada con los métodos utilizados. Por lo tanto, después de la introducción, en la cual se manifiestan el problema, los objetivos, la relevancia, el estado de la cuestión y la metodología y los métodos, se desarrollan los capítulos que ponen las bases teóricas que definirán la reconstrucción post-catástrofe como dinámica. Finalmente, Architecture in motion es el capítulo final que une las reflexiones teóricas de los apartados que analizan el tiempo, la imagen, la realidad espacial, la evolución y el habitar de un contexto post-catástrofe. El desenlace de la investigación demuestra la importancia de aproximarse a la realidad de la post-catástrofe, desde el pre-design, con una perspectiva dinámica. Por ende, la intervención debe basarse en el concepto de flexibilidad, en donde la adaptabilidad se manifiesta como cuestión multiescalar, tanto del espacio como de quien lo vive o interviene en ello. El ámbito de esta tesis es teórico, aun siendo consecuencia de la forma experimental en la cual se lleva el estudio de la investigación. Así, se quiere contribuir a la reflexión sobre los conceptos de catástrofe, imagen y temporalidad de la post-catástrofe, indefinición del espacio, evolución del territorio y hábitat para que, una vez analizadas las cuestiones que nacen de la problemática, se puedan definir los aspectos principales a tomar en cuenta en la reconstrucción en clave dinámica. / [CAT] La present tesi de doctorat "Architecture in motion: processos dinàmics en la reconstrucció postcatàstrofe" reflexiona sobre la reconstrucció com un procés en constant transformació. L'objectiu principal és demostrar la necessitat de comptar amb una visió de procés de la intervenció postcatàstrofe per a integrar als usuaris amb l'entorn canviant del context específic i amb la finalitat de protegir i preservar a la identitat socioespacial del lloc. Per a tal fi, s'ha utilitzat el reserch-by-design, en la fase de pre-design (observació i projecció), com un procés d'investigació dut a terme, des de l'experiència viscuda en primera persona, en la localitat de Chamanga a l'Equador, on es va registrar, en el 2016, un esdeveniment sísmic de 7.8 de l'escala Richter. L'estructura del present text d'investigació està estrictament relacionada amb els mètodes fets servir. Per tant, després de la introducció, en la qual es manifesten el problema, els objectius, la rellevància, l'estat de la qüestió i la metodologia i els mètodes, es desenvolupen els capítols que posen les bases teòriques que definiran la reconstrucció postcatàstrofe com a dinàmica. Finalment, Architecture in motion és el capítol final que uneix les reflexions teòriques dels apartats que analitzen el temps, la imatge, la realitat espacial, l'evolució i l'hàbitat d'un context postcatàstrofe. El desenllaç de la investigació demostra la importància d'aproximar-se a la realitat de la postcatàstrofe, des del pre-design, amb una perspectiva dinàmica. Per tant, la intervenció ha de basar-se en el concepte de flexibilitat, on l'adaptabilitat es manifesta com a qüestió multiescalar, tant de l'espai com de qui el viu o intervé en això. L'àmbit d'aquesta tesi és teòric, fins i tot sent conseqüència de la forma experimental en la qual s'emporta l'estudi de la investigació. Així, es vol contribuir a la reflexió sobre els conceptes de catàstrofe, imatge i temporalitat de la postcatàstrofe, indefinició de l'espai, evolució del territori i hàbitat perquè, una vegada analitzades les qüestions que naixen de la problemàtica, es puguen definir els aspectes principals a tenir en compte en la reconstrucció en clau dinàmica. / [EN] This doctoral thesis, "Architecture in motion: dynamic processes in post-catastrophe reconstruction," reflects on reconstruction as a process in constant transformation. The main objective is to demonstrate the need to have a processual vision of post-catastrophe intervention to integrate users with the changing environment of the specific context in order to protect and preserve the socio-spatial identity of the place. For this purpose, the research-by-design has been used, in the pre-design phase (observation and projection), as a research process carried out from experience lived in first person in the town of Chamanga in Ecuador, where a seismic event of 7.8 on the Richter scale was recorded in 2016. The structure of this research text is strictly related to the methods used. Therefore, after the introduction, in which the problem, the objectives, the relevance, the state of the question, and the methodology and methods are manifested, the chapters introduce the theoretical bases that will define post-catastrophe reconstruction as a dynamic are developed. Finally, Architecture in motion is the final chapter that unites the theoretical reflections of the sections that analyze time, image, spatial reality, evolution, and living in a post-catastrophe context. The outcome of the investigation demonstrates the importance of approaching the post-catastrophe reality, from the pre-design, with a dynamic perspective. Therefore, the intervention must be based on the concept of flexibility, where adaptability is manifested as a multiscalar issue of both the space and those who live it or intervene in it. The field of this thesis is theoretical, even though it is a consequence of the experimental way the study of the investigation is carried out. This dissertation wants to contribute to the reflection on the concepts of catastrophe, image, and temporality of the post-catastrophe, lack of definition of space, and the evolution of the territory and habitat so that, once the issues arising from the problem have been analyzed, the main aspects to be taken into account in the reconstruction can be defined. / Rocchio, D. (2023). Architecture in motion: procesos dinámicos en la reconstrucción post-catástrofe [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195439