Orientador: Wilza Carla Spiri / Resumo: Introdução: O processo de trabalho em enfermagem é complexo e tem particularidades que contemplam o assistir de forma ininterrupta os usuários dos serviços de saúde, em especial os que estão internados e seus familiares, com relações interpessoais contínuas. Esse trabalho é desenvolvido em um ambiente que pode interferir na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: correlacionar a qualidade de vida e ambiente de trabalho dos enfermeiros em um hospital de ensino no interior do Estado de São Paulo e elaborar um manual de boas práticas no trabalho para melhoria da qualidade de vida e ambiente de trabalho. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e correlacional. O cenário foi um hospital universitário terciário e os participantes foram enfermeiros que concordaram participar do estudo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de instrumentos autoaplicáveis (questionário demográfico e laboral, WHOQOLBref e Versão brasileira do Nursing Work Index Revised - B-NWI-R). O período de coleta de dados foi de janeiro a junho de 2017. A relação entre os escores dos domínios da qualidade de vida, ambiente de trabalho e dados demográficos e laborais foi analisada pelo ajuste de modelos de regressão linear múltipla com resposta normal para cada domínio do instrumento. As relações foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas se p < 0,05. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista, CAAE 62214116.7.0000.5411. Resultados: Amost... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: the nursing work process is complex and has particularities that contemplate the uninterrupted attendance of users of health services, especially those who are hospitalized and their families, with continuous interpersonal relationships. This work happens in environment that can interfere in the quality of life. Aim: to correlate the quality of life and work environment of the nurses in a university hospital in the State of São Paulo and to elaborate a manual of good practices in the work to improve the quality of life and work environment. Method: cross-sectional study. The setting was a tertiary university hospital and the participants were nurses who agreed to participate in the study. Data collection was performed using self-administered instruments (demographic and labor questionnaire, WHOQOL-BREF and Brazilian version of the Nursing Work Index Revised - B-NWI-R). The data collection period was from January to June 2017. The relationship between the scores of the domains of quality of life, work environment and demographic and labor data was analyzed by the adjustment of multiple linear regression models with normal response for each domain of the instrument. The relationships were considered statistically significant if p <0.05. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CAAE 62214116.7.0000.5411. Results: A sample of 143 nurses, 88.8% female; 81.8%, white; 52.4% without partner; 57.3... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Three years ago, our residency program began a new approach to teaching practice management to our second- and third-year residents. The underlying principles for the new curriculum involved a realization that our residents lacked basic business understanding and that they would likely learn more effectively through a hands-on approach.The newcurriculum, which we describe in this article, is in large part built around the establishment of a mockpractice during thesecond year ofresidency. Although the curriculum is still evolving, initial response and evaluation have been encouraging.

This paper discusses the results of a study of architects at work, where the focus of attention was on the information used during the life of a design project. What became apparent during this study was that the business management of the project, and the artifacts associated with that phase of work, often overwhelmed the actual design effort in terms of time and attention. A phenomenological approach to data collection was used; the author observed architects at work in two different offices over a period of several months, and assisted in the day to day work of each office. Sketches, photos, informal interviews and discussions, and extensive notes provided a rich set of data about work life in architectural practice. Structuralism was the primary analysis tool used to identify key elements of the data and their meaning in professional practice. A model was developed of the kinds of information used to manage a design project. This model includes not only the data used in project management documents, but also categorizes each piece of information according to its current level of use. The document model identifies eight primary attributes for every document, and an object-oriented class hierarchy for documents provides for the inheritance of the base attributes as well as providing additional attributes in various sub-classes to facilitate modeling specific kinds of documents like letters, memos, notes, faxes, contracts, and construction drawings. Finally, a Design Project Manager with a complete set of document manipulation, storage, and retrieval tools was defined. These information tools have specific behaviors based on the patterns of document and information use observed in the subject offices. The results suggest that the productivity of architects may be enhanced by a set of small, carefully designed information tools that help architects deal more easily with the complexity of managing design projects. / Ph. D.

No / Supply chain management (SCM) is a major issue in many industries as organisations begin to appreciate the criticality of creating an integrated relationship with their suppliers and customers, as well as all other stakeholders. Managing the supply chain has become a way of improving competitiveness by reducing uncertainty and enhancing customer service. The concept of value chain management (VCM) is becoming quite prevalent in industry. Despite this popularity, there is little evidence of the development of accompanying theory in the literature. Without theory development, it is difficult to identify specific hypotheses and propositions, which can be tested, resulting in research that lacks focus and is perhaps irrelevant. This paper analyses the merits and limitations of SCM and provides broader awareness of VCM, its critical success factors and proposes a model, which covers four key elements supported by a drive on agility and speed.

No description available.

No description available.

During the second half of the 20th century there has been both a burgeoning intellectual interest in business and management as a topic and an exponential growth in the formal study of business and management as an academic subject. Indeed by the end of the century it was estimated that worldwide there were 8,000 business schools and more than 13 million students of business and management. In addition, it was estimated that worldwide annual expenditure on university level business and management education had reached US $15 billion (The Global Foundation for Management Education, 2008). However, despite this there is a lack of clarity regarding both the scale and the nature of the influence that academic scholarship exerts over managers. Accordingly this research study has sought to investigate the appropriation of ideas, theories, concepts and models by management practitioners. The thesis has reviewed and evaluated the two most obvious, most established and most influential potential explanations. These were diffusion of innovations (Rogers, 1962) and fashion theory (Abrahamson, 1991 & 1996; Abrahamson & Fairchild, 1999). It has been concluded that whilst both these potential explanations provided important insights, neither was able to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation for this research study. Accordingly, a much broader range of pertinent scholarship was reviewed and evaluated. This included, but is not limited to, the scholarship that is associated with learning by adults (Dewey, 1933; Bartlett, 1967; Schank & Abelson, 1976; Mezirow, 1977). Although this additional scholarship provided a further range of potential explanations, the extent to which any of these would be found within the particular setting of management practitioners remained unclear. In addition, the literature review highlighted a number of unresolved debates regarding issues such as (i) whether management was a science or an applied science; (ii) whether it was a craft or a profession; (iii) whether in reality there were fashionable trends in management practice or whether in fact such practices were remarkably stable; and (iv) whether management theoreticians, gurus and consultants actually exerted significant influence over management practitioners. The literature review also highlighted methodological concerns relating to the use of citation analysis as a proxy for primary information regarding managerial practice. Hence, this research is situated in a gap which is delineated by the unresolved issues that are associated with both diffusion theory and fashion theory; the applicability of the broader range of scholarship to a management setting; the unresolved debates within this field of interest and the need to obtain primary information relating to management practice, rather than being dependant upon citation analysis. The research study has utilised qualitative data and inductive reasoning to examine these matters and the overarching research philosophy has been that of realism (Ritchie & Lewis, 2003). Ultimately, 39 semi-structured, recorded interviews were undertaken using the critical incident technique (Flanagan, 1954). Collectively these interviews lasted for 35 hours and obtained information relating to 160 critical incidents. The verbatim transcripts of the interviews totalled 350,000 words. A case study analysis of this data was undertaken to examine the decision making of the interviewees in relation to some of their most challenging managerial situations. This analysis concluded that for the ‘generality’ of these interviewees; theory played little, or no, overt part in their decision making. The data was also subjected to a content analysis using a bespoke compendium of 450 ‘terms’ that represented the development of theorising about management over the whole of the 20th century. This analysis concluded that the influence of the 20th century’s management theoreticians over these interviewees was weak. Finally, the possibility that any such influence might be a covert, rather than an overt; phenomenon was examined using both the insights of intertextuality (Allen, 2000; Bazerman, 2004) and the framework analysis technique (Ritchie, Spencer & O’Connor, 2003). This analysis demonstrated that the discourse, dialogue and language of these interviewees could be indexed to four domains; (i) the theoretical; (ii) the conceptual; (iii) the tactical; and (iv) the practical. The intertextual indexing outcomes were corroborated both by substantial extracts from the verbatim interview transcripts and by three unrelated strands of scholarship. These were (i) adaptive memory systems (Schacter, 2001); (ii) the realities of management (Carlson, 1954; Stewart, 1983; Mintzberg, 1989) and (iii) the role of concepts and conceptual thinking in nursing (McFarlane, 1977; Gordon, 1998; Orem, 2001). On this basis it has been concluded that management can be characterised as a conceptual discipline; that in its essential nature management is at least as conceptual as it is either theoretical or practical; and that managers appropriate concepts and ideas, rather than theories and models per se.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:43:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArthurCRF_DISSERT.pdf: 1992209 bytes, checksum: 6f8fd50e3b94c7cbf749e92d1049a08b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / The calculation of tooth mass discrepancy, essential for good planning and a proper orthodontic finishing, when performed manually, besides being laborious, requires considerable time consumption. The aim of this study was to develop and test Bolton Freeware, a software for analysis of the tooth mass discrepancy of Bolton, aiming to minimize the consumption of time in a less onerous way. The digital analysis of the software was done by means of two-dimensional scanning of plaster study models and compared to manual evaluation (gold standard), using 75 pairs of stone plaster study models divided into two groups according to the magnitude of the Curve of Spee (group I from 0 to 2 mm, group II greater than 2 to 3mm). All the models had permanent dentition and were in perfect condition. The manual evaluation was performed with a digital caliper and a calculator, and the time required to perform the analysis for both methods was recorded and compared. In addition, the software was evaluated by orthodontists regarding its use, by means of questionnaires developed specifically for this purpose. Calibration was performed prior to manual analysis, and excellent levels of inter-rater agreement were achieved, with ICC > 0.75 and r > 0.9 for total and anterior proportion. It was observed in the evaluation of error of the digital method that some teeth showed a significant systematic error, being the highest measured at 0.08 mm. The analysis of total tooth mass discrepancy performed by Bolton Freeware, for those cases in which the curve of Spee is mild and moderate, differ from manual analysis, on average, 0.09 mm and 0.07 mm respectively, for each tooth evaluated, with r> 0, 8 for total and anterior proportion. According to the specificity and sensitivity test, Bolton Freeware has an improved ability to detect true negatives, i.e. the presence of discrepancy. The Bolton analysis digitally performed was faster, with an average difference of time consumed to perform the analysis of Bolton between the two methods of approximately 6 minutes. Most experts interviewed (93%) approved the usability of the software / O c?lculo da discrep?ncia de massa dent?ria, efetivo recurso para um bom planejamento e uma adequada finaliza??o ortod?ntica, quando realizado manualmente, al?m de trabalhoso, exige um consider?vel consumo de tempo. O objetivo desse estudo foi o desenvolvimento e teste do Bolton Freeware, um programa de computador para an?lise de discrep?ncia de massa dent?ria de Bolton, visando minimizar o consumo de tempo de forma menos onerosa. A an?lise digital no software foi feita por meio da digitaliza??o bidimensional de modelos de estudos de gesso e comparada com a avalia??o manual (padr?o-ouro), utilizando 75 pares de modelos de estudo em gesso pedra, divididos em dois grupos conforme a magnitude da curva de Spee (0 a 2mm e de 2 a 3mm). Todos os modelos possuiam dentadura permanente e se encontravam em perfeito estado de conserva??o. A avalia??o manual foi realizada com paqu?metro digital e calculadora e o tempo requerido para realiza??o da an?lise nos dois m?todos foi cronometrado e comparado. Al?m disso o programa foi avaliado por 30 ortodontistas quanto ao seu uso, por meio de question?rios desenvolvidos especialmente para essa finalidade. Foi realizada calibra??o pr?via para an?lise manual e se obtiveram ?timos n?veis de concord?ncia interexaminador, com CCI>0,75 e r>0,9 para a discrep?ncia total e anterior. Observou-se, na avalia??o do erro do m?todo digital, que alguns dentes apresentaram um erro sistem?tico significante, sendo o maior quantificado em 0,08mm. A an?lise da discrep?ncia de massa dent?ria total realizada pelo Bolton Freeware, para aquele casos de curva de Spee leve e moderada, diferiu da an?lise manual, em m?dia, de 0,09mm e 0,07mm respectivamente, para cada dente avaliado, com r>0,8 para propor??o total e anterior. De acordo com os testes de especificidade e sensibilidade, o Bolton Freeware possui uma melhor capacidade de detectar os verdadeiros negativos, ou seja, a presen?a da discrep?ncia. A an?lise de Bolton realizada digitalmente foi mais r?pida, com a m?dia das diferen?as dos tempos consumidos para realiza??o da an?lise de Bolton entre os dois m?todos de aproximadamente 6 minutos. A maioria dos especialistas entrevistados (93%) aprovou a usabilidade do programa

Project planning in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry at present relies heavily on individual skills, experience and improvisation. In an attempt to increase predictability and efficiency, and to improve knowledge retention across projects, this thesis proposes a more systematic approach to project planning. It does so by introducing the notion of a meta-process model that embodies and cultivates the logic and intelligence of incremental and collaborative planning activities in a given domain. Planning tasks are encoded and enforced as a set of structured dialogues between project partners. To make this possible, a taxonomy extension to current workflow modeling technology is introduced. The concept of the chosen approach can thus be classified as process mediation through structured dialogues. It is applied to the particular example case of Design-Build project delivery for which a detailed workflow model was created. This model serves as a partial instantiation of the larger Project Management Body Of Knowledge, an abstract framework put forward by the US Project Management Institute. A prototype system architecture is devised as an extension to an existing collaborative virtual environment developed in the European e-HUBs research project. This experimental Web-based platform supports the enactment of workflows that are expressed in the standardized syntax of the neutral process definition language XPDL. The functional richness of the structured dialogue extensions is demonstrated through a dialogue management prototype developed as a separate MS Access database application.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_em_me_botfm.pdf: 1097813 bytes, checksum: 3604308ce3ed8e30e36f5950f503b8e1 (MD5) / Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo / O estudo parte da inquietação em compreender como os enfermeiros das UTIs entendem seu processo de trabalho. Processo de trabalho é a transformação de um objeto em produto por meio da intervenção do agente que utiliza os instrumentos pertinentes. O processo de trabalho, embora apresente bases organizadas, sua organização depende das relações pessoais e da interação entre trabalho vivo e trabalho morto. O trabalho vivo acontece na realização do trabalho cotidiano, com o desenvolvimento das potencialidades dos indivíduos e sua autonomia para a construção do trabalho e do cuidado mais efetivo. O enfermeiro é o profissional da equipe que encadeia a construção do trabalho vivo em decorrência de sua inserção nos processos de trabalho e seu potencial articulador na equipe. O processo de trabalho utiliza tecnologias. As tecnologias leves definem as relações e estimulam o desenvolvimento das potencialidades do ser humano e sua autonomia no trabalho e no cuidado. As tecnologias leveduras são caracterizadas pelos saberes que compõem o processo de trabalho em saúde, e as tecnologias duras caracterizadas pelos equipamentos, normas que devem apoiar as ações em busca do núcleo do trabalho vivo. O enfermeiro, como profissional que organiza o cuidado, necessita ser capaz de promover transformações efetivas no cuidado que realiza. Em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, são vivenciadas situações extremas entre a vida e a morte, que exigem do enfermeiro desenvolver olhar atento às adversidades e o agir prontamente para atender às diversas demandas. O objetivo do estudo é compreender o significado para o enfermeiro do processo de trabalho na UTI de um hospital universitário do interior de São Paulo. A trajetória metodológica compõe-se do cenário das UTIs adulto, pediátrica e coronariana deste hospital que é de nível... / This study has resulted from the desire to comprehend how intensive care unit (ICU) nurses understand their work process. The work process is the transformation of an object into a product through intervention by an agent using pertinent instruments. Although the work process presents organized bases, its organization depends on personal relations and on interaction between live work and dead work. Live work takes place during the performance of routine work, with the development of individuals’ potentialities and their autonomy for work construction and more effective care. Nurses are the professionals on the team who concatenate the construction of live work as a result of their insertion in the work processes and their articulating potential on the team. The work process uses technology. Soft technologies define relationships and stimulate the development of human beings’ potentialities and their autonomy in work and care provision. Softhard technologies are characterized by the knowledge that composes the work process in health care provision, and hard technologies are characterized by equipment and standards that must support actions in search of the nucleus of live work. Nurses, as professionals who organize care provision, must be capable of promoting effective changes in the care provided. At an ICU, extreme situations between life and death are experienced, and they require that nurses pay a great deal of attention to adversities and that they act promptly to meet various demands. This study aimed at understanding the meaning to nurses of the work process at the ICU of a university hospital in São Paulo state. The methodological trajectory consists of the scenario of the adult, pediatric and coronary ICUs in the abovementioned hospital, which is a tertiary care provision institution with 415 hospitalization and 52 ICU... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)