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From its inception, intermodal transport of goods has served trade, shippers and carriers, radically increasing transactions of goods worldwide. Multimodal carrier liability rules, however, have not evolved with the same rhythm and remain fragmented cross-modally and cross-country. This is also the case of the U.S. and Canada. The need to seek uniformity of applicable rules in these two countries led us to the comparative analysis of unimodal (landocean) rules in these two countries. Guided by past failed initiatives (1980 United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport), the European intermodal reality, transport deregulation, pragmatism, fairness in the relation between the carrier and the shipper and Law & Economics principles, we used harmonization, codification and contractualism in advancing our suggestions on uniform multimodal carrier liability rules. / Dès sa naissance, Ie transport intermodal a servi le commerce, les chargeurs et les transporteurs, augmentant de façon importante le transport des marchandises au niveau mondial. Pourtant, les règles de responsabilité du transporteur multimodal n'ont pas evolué au meme rythme et restent fragmentées à travers les modes et les pays. C'est aussi Ie cas des États-Unis et du Canada. Le besoin de chercher l'uniformité des règles applicables nous a conduit à l'étude comparée des règles unimodales (terrestres-maritimes) dans ces deux pays. Guidés par l'échec des initiatives passées (Convention de Nations Unies sur Ie Transport Multimodal International des Marchandises, 1980), la réalité intermodale europeenne, la déréglementation du transport, Ie pragmatisme, la justice dans Ie rapport entre le transporteur et le chargeur et l'analyse économique de droit, nous avons utilisé l'harmonisation, la codification et le contractualisme en vue d'avancer nos suggestions sur des règles de responsabilité uniformes du transporteur multimodal. / "Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en Droit (LL.D.) et à la Faculté de Droit et de Sciences Politiques de l'Université de Nantes en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur"

The objective of the thesis is to describe and analyse aspects of home background and teaching that may be important for students’ capability and will to participate in science. The purpose is to make explicit how teaching can support students in developing an interest in science and so counter-balance the restricted opportunities some students may have due to upbringing. In study 1 population data is used to make evident what associations there are between home background variables and the students’ choice of applying for the Swedish post-compulsory Natural Science Programme (NSP). The findings show that home background is important for Swedish students’ choice of the NSP but also that some lower secondary schools can make a difference. Students’ interest in science has usually been examined through questionnaires and rarely studied as constituted in classroom action as a result of teaching. In study 2 therefore an action-oriented methodology is developed based on the concept of taste to study what difference a teacher can make for the constitution of interest in the science classroom. The concept of taste is grounded in pragmatism and the works of Pierre Bourdieu and acknowledges the affective, normative, and cognitive dimensions of situated science learning. In study 3 this methodology is used to examine how a teacher located through Study 1 supports his students in developing an interest in science. The results of study 3 suggest how teaching can make the object of science the focus of students’ interest and so showing that science, with its aims, norms, and values, can be enjoyed in itself. Study 4 draws on the findings of studies 1-3 to discuss the possibility of an overlooked field in studying interest in science; namely whether primary, secondary, tertiary students in effect have different objects of interest. The findings of studies 1-4 are used to discuss how teaching may make a difference to a continued student interest in science. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: In press. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

In my doctorate thesis, I have discussed the notion of the experience of the ethical and its political consequences. In this context, I have pointed to the central strategy of Kantian ethics that is called transcendental strategy. Transcendental strategy relies on a concept of causality, which unlike the causality that governs the laws of nature, arises from freedom in its cosmological meaning. I have discussed Heideggerian challenge to this concept of causality from an ontological point of view that gives rise to totalitarian political consequences. In relation to Heideggerian challenge, I have argued that Derrida&rsquo / s critique of Heidegger gives rise to democratic political consequences that reconcile the origin of ethics with fiction through utilization of the transcendence of transcendentality. Thereby, I have argued that experience of the ethical for Derrida induces to similar political consequences with holistic pragmatism.

CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN RUSSIA&rsquo / S RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES IN EURASIA (2000-2005) Dereli, Pinar M. Sc., Department of Eurasian Studies Supervisor: Assit. Prof. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrisever June 2006, 112 pages This thesis seeks to analyze change and continuity in Russia&rsquo / s relations with the United States (US) in Eurasia under the leadership of Vladimir Putin between 2000 and 2005. The thesis argues that the fundamental change in Russia&rsquo / s relations with the US came immediately after Putin&rsquo / s presidency, rather than 9/11 terrorist attacks, as his foreign policy priorities required the establishment of close relations with the US as much as possible. The September 11 terrorist attacks have only facilitated the implementation of Putin&rsquo / s this pragmatic foreign policy. In fact, the continuation of differences between Russia and the US concerning bilateral and regional issues shows that their strategic partnership is mainly rhetoric driven by the short-term tactical considerations rather than shared global values and long-term interests. For this reason, Eurasia continued to be an area of confrontation in Russia&rsquo / s relations with the US in the post-9/11 era. The thesis consists of four main chapters apart from introduction and conclusion. The first main chapter discusses the evolution of Russian foreign policy towards the US between 1991 and 2000. The following chapter deals with the sources of change in Russian foreign policy towards the US before 9/11 events. The next chapter examines Russian-US bilateral relations after 9/11. Finally, the last chapter discusses the impact of 9/11 on the Russian-US relations in Eurasia. Keywords: Pragmatism, Vladimir Putin, Russian foreign policy, the United States, September 11.

The aim of this thesis is to clarify different ideas about cultural relations expressed in the Swedish curriculum, and the potential consequences they may have for children and young people to participate as peers in social and public life. Located at the intersection of a (neo)pragmatic curriculum theory tradition and cultural studies/critical pedagogy, the ambition with the study is two-folded: (1) to clarify the theoretical conditions for cultural relations from an ethnocentric, global, and multicultural perspective and (2) to elucidate and describe the curriculum historical preconditions for cultural relations. In relation to perspectives and analytical tools developed in paper I-III, the investigations show that the cultural thinking in education rests on a liberal and humanistic view with a polite response and a neutral approach that never seems to exceed the comfort zone. A central finding is that there is a need to examine the priviliged position further. The study also demonstrates how the nature of cultural thinking has changed over time. Based on the dominant conceptions four discourses during 1962-2008 are distinguished: A National Discourse in the 60's, a Rational Discourse in the 70's, a Cultural Discourse in the 80-90's and a Pluralistic Neo-national Discourse in the 90-00's. The main conclusion is that despite different rationality the thinking never goes beyond a non-defined and unarticulated "we" and a designated, labelled and well-defined "them". The Swedish curriculum is a curriculum of othering that hardly provides the basis for relations where children and young people can participate as peers. To achieve a more reciprocal relationship, over-recognition of "the others" needs to be toned down, and the special status of the privileged position has to be analyzed in greater extent.

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Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-13T19:25:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Soares Caymmi Gomes.pdf: 727882 bytes, checksum: dd28ec88e1b055d7883eba0df1682083 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T17:10:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Soares Caymmi Gomes.pdf: 727882 bytes, checksum: dd28ec88e1b055d7883eba0df1682083 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T17:10:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Soares Caymmi Gomes.pdf: 727882 bytes, checksum: dd28ec88e1b055d7883eba0df1682083 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A presente dissertação promoveu a aplicação da Teoria Crítica do Discurso ou Análise de Discurso Crítica esposada por Fairclough a textos jurídicos que tratam sobre o juiz. Iniciamos o trabalho com uma revisão geral da bibliografia e com a enumeração dos principais postulados teóricos da ADC. Em seguida apresentamos o corpus trabalhado, que foi segmentado em unidades temáticas. Feito isso, abordamos os significados acional, que lida com a teoria dos gêneros do discurso e da intertextualidade; o representacional, relativo à relação entre o texto e a estrutura social e agência; por fim, o significado identificacional, onde abordamos a questão da identidade do juiz nos textos analisados, em especial nas metáforas que sobre ele são mobilizadas no discurso, assim como o estilo. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho obedeceu à obra Analysing Discourse (2003), de Fairclough. Esse trabalho procurou suprir uma ausência na bibliografia nacional, onde são raras as análises sobre o papel do juiz. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram verificar construções discursivas nem sempre harmônicas sobre o juiz, assim como permitiu verificar como aquilo que é dito sobre ele obedece a uma ordem de discurso (Foucault) que também é tributária de uma disciplina ideológica que lhe é subjacente. / Salvador

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-17T11:35:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mário Soares Caymmi Gomes.pdf: 727882 bytes, checksum: dd28ec88e1b055d7883eba0df1682083 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-20T18:21:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mário Soares Caymmi Gomes.pdf: 727882 bytes, checksum: dd28ec88e1b055d7883eba0df1682083 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-20T18:21:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mário Soares Caymmi Gomes.pdf: 727882 bytes, checksum: dd28ec88e1b055d7883eba0df1682083 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A presente dissertação promoveu a aplicação da Teoria Crítica do Discurso ou Análise de Discurso Crítica esposada por Fairclough a textos jurídicos que tratam sobre o juiz. Iniciamos o trabalho com uma revisão geral da bibliografia e com a enumeração dos principais postulados teóricos da ADC. Em seguida apresentamos o corpus trabalhado, que foi segmentado em unidades temáticas. Feito isso, abordamos os significados acional, que lida com a teoria dos gêneros do discurso e da intertextualidade; o representacional, relativo à relação entre o texto e a estrutura social e agência; por fim, o significado identificacional, onde abordamos a questão da identidade do juiz nos textos analisados, em especial nas metáforas que sobre ele são mobilizadas no discurso, assim como o estilo. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho obedeceu à obra Analysing Discourse (2003), de Fairclough. Esse trabalho procurou suprir uma ausência na bibliografia nacional, onde são raras as análises sobre o papel do juiz. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram verificar construções discursivas nem sempre harmônicas sobre o juiz, assim como permitiu verificar como aquilo que é dito sobre ele obedece a uma ordem de discurso (Foucault) que também é tributária de uma disciplina ideológica que lhe é subjacente. / Salvador

Currently, we see the existence of movements that are theoretically and ideologically driven by perceived behavioral advances in the economy, allowing the implementation of social rights about economic efficiency propositions carrying the matter to the legal environment costs that social rights to health, education or housing require the State and to society reflexively. An analysis of the relations between law and economy through movement and methodological viewpoints entitled Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) suggests a possible use of the criterion of efficiency for the fulfillment of social rights, based on a cost-benefit analysis in the process of decision making. Numerous studies tend to uncover the many contributions that the methodology of economics has to offer to the legal science, given that the economy is ordinarily a method of investigation of human behavior. These conducts are precisely the object of regulation for the legal science. Thus, it is possible to combine the method of Law and Economics or "Economic Analysis of Law" to another method of analysis that allows a certain slowdown in technical rigor delved into essentially microeconomic elements that are applied law, allowing the right to see the light of the consequences that the normative production will lead, trusting the renewal of legal science to the idea that the right is built through experience. The scope of this work is to shed light on the use of the pragmatic method, trying to elucidate its main concepts and assumptions for the use of the method as a lens of observation that allows to see, albeit superficially, the process of making decisions that involves the effectiveness of social rights. To trace some outlines about the method of Economic Analysis of Law, we seek a combination of this view with the pragmatic method from the perspective of the work of Richard Posner, an American exponent of Economic Analysis that at some stage of his work is selfproclaimed pragmatist. In this context, we analyze the usefulness and possible uses of the pragmatic method of economic analysis of law adopting as a parameter the Brazilian judicial experience in implementation and effectiveness of social rights, situating issues such as its positioning as fundamental constitutional rights, its multifunctional nature and limits of operability, seeking to notice, in this context, if the method in question works as a tool for effective social rights. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Atualmente, percebe-se a existência de movimentos de cunho teórico-ideológico impulsionados por avanços comportamentais percebidos pela economia, que permitem a realização de direitos sociais de acordo com critérios de eficiência econômica, principalmente transportando ao ambiente jurídico a questão dos custos que os direitos sociais à saúde, educação ou moradia impõem ao Estado e reflexamente à sociedade. Uma análise das relações estabelecidas entre o direito e a economia através do movimento de cunho metodológico intitulado Análise Econômica do Direito (AED), suscita uma possível utilização do critério da eficiência para a efetivação dos direitos sociais, pautada em uma análise de custo-benefício no processo de tomada de decisões. Inúmeros estudos tendem a desvelar os contributos que a ciência econômica tem aoferecer ao direito, tendo em vista que a economia é, ordinariamente, método de investigação de comportamentos humanos. Tais condutas humanas são caras à ciência jurídica justamente constituirem seu objeto de regulação. Sendo assim, é possível conjugar o método da Law and Economics ou “Análise Econômica do Direito” a outro método de análise que permita um certo abrandamento do rigor tecnicista enveredado pelos elementos essencialmente microeconômicos, que permitam enxergar o direito à luz das consequências que a produção normativa venha a ocasionar, confiando a renovação da ciência jurídica à ideia de que o direito é construído através da experiência. Desta feita, o presente trabalho tem por escopo lançar luzes sobre a utilização do método pragmático, buscando elucidar seus principais conceitos e premissas necessárias à utilização do método enquanto uma lente de observação que permita enxergar, ainda que superficialmente, o processo de tomada de decisões que envolvam e efetividade de direitos sociais. Na sequência, ao traçar alguns delineamentos sobre o método de Análise Econômica do Direito, busca-se uma conjugação deste com o método pragmático sob o prisma da obra de Richard Posner, expoente norte-americano da Análise Econômica que em determinada fase de sua obra se auto-intitula pragmatista. Por oportuno, resta analisar a utilidade e eventual utilização do método de análise econômica pragmática do direito adotando como parâmetro de análise a experiência jurisprudencial brasileira na realização e efetividade dos direitos sociais, situando questões necessárias como o seu posicionamento na ordem constitucional enquanto direitos fundamentais, seu caráter multifuncional e seus limites de operacionalidade, procurando perceber, em tal contexto, se o método em questão, funciona enquanto ferramenta de efetividade aos direitos sociais.