Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NEIVA DOS SANTOS PEREIRA.pdf: 555665 bytes, checksum: 58dbbf6f364feb2d52aea2569434c319 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-19 / The considered study it has for objective to investigate problematic referring to the crisis of authority in the education, being been this resultant, amongst other factors, of the speech (neo) liberal. For in such a way, we appeal to the reflections carried through for Hannah Arendt in two of its works: The crisis of the education , thematic gift in the book Between the Past and the Future, dated of 1958 and the other work meets in the book the condition human being, also of 1958, more specifically the prologue and the chapter destined to the quarrel of the concept of Action . In the first text, Arendt points the pragmatism and modern psychology as estimated that they collaborate for this crisis, no longer as it argues the effect of science and the technique in the modern society. The elements detached for Arendt, make possible to extend us reflections to think the current pedagogical speech about the context (neo) liberal, mainly in what it says respect to the constructivism, knowing to them psychological and the politics of Education to Distance. Such elements will be read and interpreted, in this work, having as reference the Foucault s theories on speech to be able and to know. This because, Foucault to be able and to know if intercross in the citizen, that is its product concrete, being the speech the promoter of this joint. Thus, to be able, to know and speech if they constitute as authority. In this manner, the authority is related to the articulation, therefore the speech alone will be authorized e, consequently efficient, he will be recognized as such, and if that one that pronounced will have the recognition and the legitimation of the social group in which this citizen if inserts. In this context, we can say that the crisis of authority in the education is related the crisis to know carried for the professor, provoked for the discursive effect of modern psychology, the pragmatism and the liberal speech, that rebirth contemporarily in the psychological speeches and of the constructivist pedagogy, captured for the speech (neo) liberal. It fits to stand out that we will take as theoretical support of this study, especially, two works of Foucault where the author theorizes on speech: The order of the speech (1970-2006) e What and an author? published in Said and writings III (1969- 2006). / O estudo proposto tem por objetivo investigar a problemática referente à crise de autoridade na educação, sendo essa resultante, dentre outros fatores, do discurso (neo)liberal. Para tanto, recorremos às reflexões realizadas por Hannah Arendt em dois de seus trabalhos: A crise da educação , temática presente no livro Entre o Passado e o Futuro, datado de 1958 e o outro trabalho encontra-se no livro A condição humana, também de 1958, mais especificamente o prólogo e o capítulo destinado à discussão do conceito de Ação . No primeiro texto, Arendt aponta o pragmatismo e a psicologia moderna como pressupostos que colaboram para essa crise, já no segundo discute os efeitos da ciência e da técnica na sociedade moderna. Os elementos destacados por Arendt, possibilita-nos ampliar reflexões para pensarmos o discurso pedagógico atual no contexto (neo)liberal, principalmente no que diz respeito ao construtivismo, aos saberes psicológicos e as políticas de Educação a Distância-EAD. Tais elementos serão lidos e interpretados, neste trabalho, tendo como referência as teorizações foucaultianas sobre discurso, poder e saber. Isso porque, para Foucault poder e saber se entrecruzam no sujeito, que é o seu produto concreto, sendo o discurso o promotor dessa articulação. Assim, poder, saber e discurso se constituem como autoridade. Desse modo, a autoridade está relacionada à enunciação, pois o discurso só será autorizado e, consequentemente eficaz, se for reconhecido como tal, e se aquele que pronunciou tiver o reconhecimento e a legitimação do grupo social no qual esse sujeito se insere. Nesse contexto, podemos dizer que a crise de autoridade na educação está relacionada a crise de saber portado pelo professor, provocada pelos efeitos discursivos da psicologia moderna, do pragmatismo e do discurso liberal, que renasce contemporaneamente nos discursos psicológicos e na pedagogia construtivista, capturado pelo discurso (neo)liberal. Cabe ressaltar que tomaremos como suporte teórico deste estudo, especialmente, dois trabalhos de Foucault em que o autor teoriza sobre discurso: A ordem do discurso (1970-2006) e O que e um autor? publicado em Ditos e escritos III (1969-2006).

This dissertation examines the challenges of organizing in times of global displacement in three different studies. The papers are based on an ethnographic case study of an international aid organization and its operations in Rwanda. Each paper investigates a distinct aspect of responding to one of society's most pressing global problems, gradually unpacking how current organizational responses form a key part of the problem. The first paper explores the challenges of representing multi-sectoral contexts, as global crisis and grand challenges cut across multiple different sectors and domains. Drawing on pragmatist ideas, the paper conceptualizes multi-sectoral contexts by focusing on practical effects that differ in terms of visibility, comparability and timeliness. It further advances the idea of useful, rather than truthful, representation of complex contexts. The second paper examines the shift to participation and downward accountability in refugee crises. It outlines how downward accountability realizes its moral responsibility in an acute crisis, but betrays it over time as displacement prolongs. We conceptualize the dynamics of downward accountability as inclusive as well as exclusive, suggesting that participatory practices of downward accountability might reinforce refugees as marginalized others as displacement prolongs. The third paper follows this more critical stance by examining how the predominant solution to refugee crises, encampment, enacts and intensifies displacement over time. Contributing to the notion of wicked problems, this paper specifies the underlying practices of such problems' inherent intractability, referring to temporal and spatial containment. The paper however also sheds light on dynamics of temporal and spatial diffusion that assist in de-intensifying global wicked problems. The dissertation concludes with two overarching contributions that sketch opportunities for future research and reflects on the impact and implications of research on today's global social challenges.

This master’s thesis studies the European Union’s (EU) foreign policy in the Eastern Partnership before and after the EU Global Strategy (EUGS) and investigates whether or not there has been a policy shift towards the paradigm of resilience. Previous research disagrees on the implications of the EUGS and I argue that more empirical research on the matter is needed. The purpose of this thesis is thus to empirically investigate whether or not a shift in EU foreign policy towards a paradigm of resilience has indeed taken place in practice after the launch of the EUGS. Two sources of data are used in the study: the first and principal are the annual action programmes for the Eastern Partnership used by the EU for planning and delivering of external assistance; the second is a set of semi-structured elite interviews conducted with respondents representing the Eastern Partnership and the EU respectively. The results are mixed, showing a slight trend towards resilience-building but no ground-breaking paradigm shift has occurred. I argue that the resilience-building focus and principled pragmatism approach presented by the EUGS rather should be seen as an attempt by the EU to be honest with the foreign policy it is already conducting.

<p>The overall aim of this study is to analyze how the body is understood in the compulsory school subject physical education during the period 1976-2002. With pragmatism as the point of departure the texts of curricula, syllabi and articles from the physical education teacher's specialist press are analyzed. The analytical tools used are two perspectives of the body and human movement, one based on dualistic ideas and the other on Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the lived body. The analysis shows that there are differences in how the embodied person is understood in three different types of text. In the curricula the dualistic ideas where the individual is seperated into body and soul prevail. The picture is more complex in the syllabi whilst in the articles from the specialist press the lived body is found more often. In the articles from the specialist press there is a pattern that shows change over time where phenomenological ideas are more prominent towards the end of the period studied. The dissertation consists of three parts. In the first part there is an introduction to the study and theoretical perspectives are introduced, the second part consists of the analysis of the texts and in the third part these are discussed and possible didactic consequences presented.</p>

<p>This thesis is intended as a contribution to the discussion about science education, especially with regard to how care for nature can be understood, to what extend care for nature is included or excluded in the science education discourse and the importance of this in regard to an environmental education and a gender perspective. The empirical part of the thesis is carried out as a case study, where the discourse of physics is studied as a case within the discourse of science education. The discourse of physics is investigated by analyses of textbooks for lower secondary school in Sweden. </p><p>In the thesis, I present two ways of understanding care for nature. The first way is related to a systemic aspect of ethics that is based on principles. If the principles in use ascribe intrinsic value to nature, then the ethics can be seen as an expression of a systemic aspect of care for nature. The second way is related to an aspect of ethics based on care in ‘I-Thou encounters’ with nature, and is seen as a non-systemic aspect of care for nature. </p><p>Three forms of analyses are performed: 1) of the discourse and selective traditions in physics, 2) of orientations (attitudes) towards nature, and 3) of ways of knowing (indicating what meetings with nature students are offered in science education). </p><p>The analyses performed showed one discourse in physics education, consisting of two selective traditions. The systemic aspect of care for nature is excluded as the discourse has an anthropocentric foundation. The non-systemic aspect of care for nature is also excluded, as no I-Thou meetings are offered through the ways of knowing and no expression for the I-Thou attitude is found in either of the traditions. Further, ways of knowing and an ethical orientation associated with female gender are excluded. Thus, the discourse in physics does not contribute to obtaining the goals of the national syllabuses concerning gender equality and care for nature from the perspectives investigated.</p>

Information technology (IT) plays an increasingly important role for individuals, organizations, markets, and society as a whole. IT systems are artefacts (human made objects) designed for various purposes. Given the multiple-purpose characteristics of computers, such artefacts may, for example, support workflows, perform advanced calculations, support human communication and socialization, enable delivery of services and digital products, facilitate learning, or simply entertain. The diverging application areas for IT present a challenge to designers who, as a consequence, have to address increasingly divergent design situations. There have been numerous arguments suggesting that the IT artefact has been 'taken for granted', and needs to be understood and conceptualized better within information systems (IS) research. This thesis is based on the pragmatist notion that one important value of IT resides in its potential to support human collaboration. Such a belief has implications for the development of (1) knowledge aimed for action, change and improvement; (2) knowledge about actions, activities and practices; and (3) knowledge through action, experimentation and exploration. A view of the IT artefact is outlined, showing it as part of a social and technological context. IT artefact design is explained in relation to the induction of social change. The notion of stakeholder-centric design is advocated, along with practical theory to promote a situated understanding of use qualities and design ideals. A set of meta-theoretical implications for design-oriented IS research is proposed. The research process consisted of five inquiries into different IT-reliant social contexts. In the first four inquiries, social and communicative qualities of IT artefacts were assessed, governed primarily by Dewey's notion of inquiry as a theory of knowledge. The fifth inquiry was a large-scale action research project, including interventions into the social setting, and the design and implementation of a new IT artefact into that setting.

In education about climate issues teachers make choices. What is of most importance? To know how the green house effect works in a natural scientific way or to know about the political processes that can help us find a solution? Habits, or selective traditions, answers the questions why, what and how does teachers do when teaching about climate issues.  In this study selective traditions are investigated.The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify selective traditions among the Swedish geography teachers when it comes to teaching about global warming. A discussion about the implications of the selective traditions for the education from a pragmatic perspective, inspired by John Dewey in his work: “Democracy and Education is also included.The empiricism of the study consists of interviews where teachers tell about their ways of teaching about climate issues. The result is presented in the form of selective traditions. The study identifies three separate didactic typologies in teaching about climate issues. The natural science typology tradition which focuses on facts, the normative which focuses on changing the student’s attitudes and the pluralistic which focuses on the student’s democratic development. All three have different implications in a pragmatic perspective. These three didactic typologies have different implications for the democratic dimension in education. Typology 1 does not encourage the student to take part in debates about climate change. Instead the student only receives natural science facts. In Typology 2 it is the teacher or some other ruler who decides what attitudes to adapt. But in Typology 3 the student is encouraged to, and gets the opportunity to develop his- or hers own attitudes.

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This thesis is intended as a contribution to the discussion about science education, especially with regard to how care for nature can be understood, to what extend care for nature is included or excluded in the science education discourse and the importance of this in regard to an environmental education and a gender perspective. The empirical part of the thesis is carried out as a case study, where the discourse of physics is studied as a case within the discourse of science education. The discourse of physics is investigated by analyses of textbooks for lower secondary school in Sweden. In the thesis, I present two ways of understanding care for nature. The first way is related to a systemic aspect of ethics that is based on principles. If the principles in use ascribe intrinsic value to nature, then the ethics can be seen as an expression of a systemic aspect of care for nature. The second way is related to an aspect of ethics based on care in ‘I-Thou encounters’ with nature, and is seen as a non-systemic aspect of care for nature. Three forms of analyses are performed: 1) of the discourse and selective traditions in physics, 2) of orientations (attitudes) towards nature, and 3) of ways of knowing (indicating what meetings with nature students are offered in science education). The analyses performed showed one discourse in physics education, consisting of two selective traditions. The systemic aspect of care for nature is excluded as the discourse has an anthropocentric foundation. The non-systemic aspect of care for nature is also excluded, as no I-Thou meetings are offered through the ways of knowing and no expression for the I-Thou attitude is found in either of the traditions. Further, ways of knowing and an ethical orientation associated with female gender are excluded. Thus, the discourse in physics does not contribute to obtaining the goals of the national syllabuses concerning gender equality and care for nature from the perspectives investigated.

In this thesis, pre-Baath period of Syrian foreign policy between 1946 and 1963 is analyzed. The main objective of this thesis is to examine the main characteristics of the Syrian foreign policy. This thesis argues that foreign policy perception of Syrian politicians regardless of their class, ideology and political orientations depended on historically rooted pragmatism in which interest calculations, shifting alliances and external patronage had special importance. In order to understand pragmatism in Syrian foreign policy, determinants of Syrian foreign policy will be examined by looking at three interacting environments: the domestic, regional and international. It will be showed that Syrian foreign policy was shaped by these interlinked environments and pragmatic responses of Syrian policymakers to opportunities and challenges coming from these environments. Syrian politics from 1946 to 1963 can be marked by excessive political instability in the form of factionalism, successive coup d&rsquo / &eacute / tats and counter-coups. This thesis also examines the relationship between coups and foreign policy and whether coups affected Syrian foreign policy or not.