Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2009

Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2009.

Apriorism in Economic methodology is known especially as a specific method of Austrian economists whose basic definition established L.v.Mises in his Magnus Opus ¨Human Action¨ [1949]. It is less famous that Englis's Teleology and Mises's Praxeology are grounded on similar philospher principles. Political development after 1948 in Czech Republic has broken possible and deeper interaction between this economics schools. This work will follow this interrelationship. It will describe apriorism of Karel Englis and apriorism of his pupil Jan Loevenstein along with relation to Austrian apriorism, let us say Mises's Praxeology. It will be emphasized especially contributions and challenges witch Czech apriorism should contribute to apriorism in economics.

NOUS NOUS PROPOSONS D'ÉTUDIER LES RAISONS POUR LESQUELS LES ENSEIGNANTS ONT DES DIFFICULTÉS POUR INTÉGRER CABRI DANS LEUR PRATIQUE, COMME L'ON RÉVÉLÉ DIVERS ÉTUDES, AFIN D'AMÉLIORER LES COURS DE FORMATION. NOUS UTILISONS UN CADRE THÉORIQUE TRIPLE, AVEC LA THÉORIE ANTHROPOLOGIQUE DU DIDACTIQUE DE CHEVALLARD, L'APPROCHE INSTRUMENTALE DE RABARDEL, ET LA THÉORIE DES SITUATIONS DE BROUSSEAU. NOUS AVONS MIS EN OEUVRE UNE INGÉNIERIE DE FORMATION D'UNE ANNÉE, QUI COMPRENAIT UN COURS INTENSIF DE RÉSOLUTION DE PROBLÈMES DE GÉOMÉTRIE AVEC CABRI, UNE PÉRIODE DE PRATIQUE ACCOMPAGNÉE, UN COURS INTENSIF D'UTILISATION DE CABRI POUR L'ENSEIGNEMENT ET UN PÉRIODE DE PRATIQUE ACCOMPAGNÉ. NOUS AVONS MONTRÉ QUE LES NOUVEAUX OBJETS OSTENSIFS DE CABRI REQUIÈRENT UNE RECONSTRUCTION PRAXÉOLOGIQUE QUI PRENNE EN COMPTE LE DYNAMISME ET LA COMPLEXITÉ DES RELATIONS ENTRE OBJETS, ET QUE MALGRÉ UNE BONNE ASSIMILATION D'UNE PRAXÉOLOGIE MATHÉMATIQUE AVEC CABRI, LES ENSEIGNANTS ONT DES DIFFICULTÉS À ASSIMILER UNE PRAXÉOLOGIE DIDACTIQUE CENTRÉ SUR LA VALIDATION.

L'ENJEU DE CETTE THESE EST DE PROPOSER UNE METHODE PRAGMATISTE POUR ANALYSER LES PRATIQUES COLLECTIVES, UNE APPROCHE PRENANT EN COMPTE L'ETUDE ACTIVE DE PRATIQUES ACTUELLES POUR CONSTRUIRE SA CONCEPTUALISATION. A PARTIR DE LA MAXIME DE PEIRCE QUI AFFIRME QU'UN OBJET N'EST COMPLETEMENT CONNU QUE LORSQUE SES EFFETS ET CONSEQUENCES POTENTIELS SONT INTEGRES A L'ANALYSE, ET RAPPROCHANT CE PRINCIPE EPISTEMOLOGIQUE DE LA PSYCHOTHERAPIE INSTITUTIONNELLE TELLE QU'ARTICULEE PAR JEAN OURY, PSYCHIATRE ET DIRECTEUR A LA CLINIQUE DE LA BORDE, LE PROJET A CONSISTE A MONTRER LA CENTRALITE DU CONCEPT DE COLLECTIF. LES CONSEQUENCES DE L'INTEGRATION D'UNE ENQUETE DE TERRAIN A L'ARMATURE METHODOLOGIQUE DE LA PHILOSOPHIE PRAGMATISTE A ETE PROBLEMATISE. DEUX DOMAINES ONT AINSI ETE CONFRONTES : UNE DEMARCHE PSYCHIATRIQUE QUI SE SOUCIE DU CONTEXTE ET MET EN RAPPORT LES OUTILS THEORIQUES ET SA PRATIQUE DE MANIERE ORIGINALE ; UNE APPROCHE PHILOSOPHIQUE INSPIREE DU PRAGMATISME QUI PLACE L'ACTION ET LE CONTEXTE AU CŒUR DE SES PREOCCUPATIONS, MAIS DONT LA METHODE POUR ETUDIER LES INSTITUTIONS RESTE A CONSTITUER. CETTE CONFRONTATION A PERMIS DE PROPOSER UNE METHODE INTEGRATIVE DES SCIENCES SOCIALES POUR ANALYSER L'INSTITUTION DE SOIN ET MONTRER L'IMPORTANCE DU QUOTIDIEN ET DE LA COOPERATION POUR UNE DEMARCHE DE SOINS A LA FOIS SOCIALE ET PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIQUE. LE TRAVAIL S'EST EGALEMENT PLACE DANS LE SILLAGE DU 2D WITTGENSTEIN QUAND IL NOUS INVITE A OBSERVER LES USAGES HUMAINS DU LANGAGE POUR COMPRENDRE LEUR FONCTIONNEMENT ET EN CE SENS A FAIT DE L'OBSERVATION PARTICIPANTE SON POINT DE DEPART. LA QUESTION EST TANT CELLE DE LA METHODE QUE DE LA DEFINITION DU CONCEPT A PARTIR DE LA PRATIQUE.

The diploma thesis named Pedagogical practices and their tasks for primary school teachers' development deals with the topic of the pedagogical practices at colleges and universities. The thesis finds out the extent of students' being ready for carrying the practice out. The following task of the thesis is to describe what the students and beginner teachers think about the practice. The theoretical part is aimed at the pedagogical practice process and its connection with the primary teachers' education. Important part of the thesis is to compare the time extent of the practice at different colleges and universities. The practical part works with the qualitative research. The used methods for this part are questionnaire and interview. The pedagogical faculty students describe their experience with the pedagogical practices. The beginner teachers evaluate the level of the practices. KEYWORDS Pedagogical practice, primary school student, primary school, faculty school, faculty teacher, collage/university teacher, beginner teacher

Thesis "Economics and Information" advances a consistent theoretic concept of information as part of economic theory. In contrast of contemporary semantic confusions about information in economics this thesis tries to build a meaningful theory based on classical economic studies and conception of information in system theory. The first part is concerned with methodological foundation and contemporary methodological problems of information in economic theory. These issues are crucial for presenting methodological individualism and subjectivism as fundamental approach to understanding role of information in social sciences. This leads to human action as basic framework for studying information. Next part of the thesis describes few basic approaches to information in economics. In comparison with neoclassical views like information asymmetry this thesis propose own praxeology based concept of information. This concept shows information in its duality as a resource of human activities, but also as objective of human action. This duality as resource and objective connect information to concepts of interpretation, knowledge and dynamic processes. The final part of the thesis applies theoretical concepts to economic policy issues and institutional problems.

Männliche Herrschaft ist ein soziologisches Konzept von Pierre Bourdieu zur Untersuchung der sozialen und symbolischen Kräfteverhältnisse zwischen den Geschlechtern. Das Konzept entwickelt Bourdieu auf der Grundlage ethnologischer Studien zur kabylischen Gesellschaft, die er in den 1960er Jahren in Algerien durchführte. Bourdieu zeigt dabei, wie der Habitus vergeschlechtlichte Konstruktionen der Welt und des Körpers erzeugt, indem er als Speicher von vergeschlechtlichten Wahrnehmungs- und Bewertungskategorien und Schemata fungiert. Mit dem Konzept der Männlichen Herrschaft hat Bourdieu einen analytischen Schwerpunkt auf das Zusammenspiel von Habitus und symbolischer Ordnung gelegt, dessen Resultat die scheinbar binäre und natürliche Geschlechtereinteilung ist.

The Omega publishing house began its activities in 2013, when it started publishing outdated translations of classic literature, especially those that were no longer protected by copyright. This thesis analyses its activities, mostly during the 2013-2018 period: it focuses on the range of published titles and changes in the editorial approach to texts, with emphasis on classic literature. The publishing houses' activities are examined within the field of Czech publishing landscape and compared to the methods recommended in specialised literature, as well as to other publishers's activites. The thesis then presents a translation and textual analysis of three works (R. Kipling's Selected Short Stories, E. Brontë's Wuthering Heights and C. Dickens's Little Dorrit) published by Omega. A hypothesis about the overall strategy of the publishing house is then formulated based on the findings. Key words: Omega publishing house, sociology of translation, praxeology of translation, publishing policy, editorial work, translator status

The Omega publishing house began its activities in 2013, when it started publishing outdated translations of classic literature, especially those that were no longer protected by copyright. This thesis analyses its activities, mostly during the 2013-2018 period: it focuses on the range of published titles and changes in the editorial approach to texts, with emphasis on classic literature. The publishing houses' activities are examined within the field of Czech publishing landscape and compared to the methods recommended in specialised literature, as well as to other publishers's activites. The thesis then presents a translation and textual analysis of three works (R. Kipling's Selected Short Stories, E. Brontë's Wuthering Heights and C. Dickens's Little Dorrit) published by Omega. A hypothesis about the overall strategy of the publishing house is then formulated based on the findings. Key words: Omega publishing house, sociology of translation, praxeology of translation, publishing policy, editorial work, translator status