Aerobic exercise is recommended as a lifestyle intervention to reduce blood pressure (BP) in individuals with elevated BP (SBP/DBP >120/80 mmHg). However, the BP response is highly variable after both acute (SBP/DBP: –27 to 9/-8 to 7mmHg) and chronic aerobic exercise (-20 to 9/ -11 to 11.3mmHg). We attempt to identify those who are resistant or responsive to training based on their responses to acute (one-bout) exercise. 17 prehypertensive (120 to 139/80 to 89mmHg) males and females (45-60yrs) underwent acute exercise assessments before and after an 8-week walking/jogging program. The magnitude of change in BP after acute exercise significantly correlated (r=.89, p < .01) with the magnitude of change in resting BP after the training. The antihypertensive mechanisms (total peripheral resistance, baroreflex sensitivity) for acute exercise were not correlated to those for chronic exercise. Central cardiovascular controls may link BP reductions after both acute and chronic exercise.

Aerobic exercise is recommended as a lifestyle intervention to reduce blood pressure (BP) in individuals with elevated BP (SBP/DBP >120/80 mmHg). However, the BP response is highly variable after both acute (SBP/DBP: –27 to 9/-8 to 7mmHg) and chronic aerobic exercise (-20 to 9/ -11 to 11.3mmHg). We attempt to identify those who are resistant or responsive to training based on their responses to acute (one-bout) exercise. 17 prehypertensive (120 to 139/80 to 89mmHg) males and females (45-60yrs) underwent acute exercise assessments before and after an 8-week walking/jogging program. The magnitude of change in BP after acute exercise significantly correlated (r=.89, p < .01) with the magnitude of change in resting BP after the training. The antihypertensive mechanisms (total peripheral resistance, baroreflex sensitivity) for acute exercise were not correlated to those for chronic exercise. Central cardiovascular controls may link BP reductions after both acute and chronic exercise.

Equi-caloric bouts of interval (INT: 5x 2:2 min at 85 and 40% VO2max) and continuous (21 minutes at 60% VO2max) exercise were performed by 13 older prehypertensive males on separate days, at equivalent times of day, to assess the influence of exercise mode on post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Cardiovascular measures were collected for 30 min pre and 60 min post-exercise. PEH as measured by mean post-exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) decrease, area under the SBP curve, and minimum SBP achieved, was equivalent after both conditions. SV was significantly reduced and HR was significantly elevated post-exercise after both conditions. No significant reductions in CO or TPR were observed. INT exercise provided a larger perturbation to the autonomic nervous system as measured by Baroreflex sensitivity and Heart Rate Variability. The responses elicited by acute INT exercise, with repeated exposure, may lead to greater improvements in blood pressure regulation than those associated with continuous aerobic training.

Equi-caloric bouts of interval (INT: 5x 2:2 min at 85 and 40% VO2max) and continuous (21 minutes at 60% VO2max) exercise were performed by 13 older prehypertensive males on separate days, at equivalent times of day, to assess the influence of exercise mode on post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Cardiovascular measures were collected for 30 min pre and 60 min post-exercise. PEH as measured by mean post-exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) decrease, area under the SBP curve, and minimum SBP achieved, was equivalent after both conditions. SV was significantly reduced and HR was significantly elevated post-exercise after both conditions. No significant reductions in CO or TPR were observed. INT exercise provided a larger perturbation to the autonomic nervous system as measured by Baroreflex sensitivity and Heart Rate Variability. The responses elicited by acute INT exercise, with repeated exposure, may lead to greater improvements in blood pressure regulation than those associated with continuous aerobic training.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-23T16:26:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2011_ Fábio Liberali Weissheimer.pdf: 1640556 bytes, checksum: e2f968f9fd0f610356f2cea91b142b03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-05-24T17:17:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2011_ Fábio Liberali Weissheimer.pdf: 1640556 bytes, checksum: e2f968f9fd0f610356f2cea91b142b03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T17:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2011_ Fábio Liberali Weissheimer.pdf: 1640556 bytes, checksum: e2f968f9fd0f610356f2cea91b142b03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-05 / A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HA) é uma condição sistêmica que envolve alterações estruturais das artérias e do miocárdio, gerando níveis de pressão arterial (PA) sustentadamente elevados. De causalidade multifatorial é grande problema de saúde devido às altas prevalência, morbidade, mortalidade e custos. Estudos brasileiros sobre incidência de HA são raros. Estudo feito em 2008 em Porto Alegre-RS pontuou que 80% dos pré-hipertensos, entre 40 e 50 anos, terão HA em 10 anos. Desta forma, torna-se pertinente estudar a incidência da HA em Cuiabá-MT para que se obtenham informações técnico-científicas que subsidiem políticas de combate a HA. Objetivo: Analisar a incidência de HA e fatores associados em préhipertensos em Cuiabá-MT. Método: Coorte prospectivo de base populacional aprovado pela CEP/HUJM com acompanhamento em 6,8 anos de população fonte de 400 pré-hipertensos entre 2003 e 2010. Foram usadas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais, risco relativo (IC 95%), teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson, p<0,05 e regressão múltipla de Poisson robusta. Resultados: População amostral de 171 indivíduos, 61,9% homens e 38,1% mulheres, idade média de 46,6 anos. Tempo de follow up de 6,8 anos. Média de anos de estudo de 9,5 anos. Renda média per capita de R$ 902,20. Foi observado no estudo que: 10,5% dos entrevistados admitiram consumir sal em excesso; 76,6% tomam café diariamente; 26,9% são sedentários; 13,4% fumam cigarros diariamente e 28,6% são obesos. A incidência de HA geral foi de 58,5% sendo que 86% destes estavam com PA descontrolada. Estratificando por exposição, a incidência de HA encontrada foi de 63,8% em indivíduos com renda per capita menor que 2 salários mínimos; 65,7% em indivíduos que consomem café diariamente; 71,7% nos sedentários e 77,6% nos obesos. Após regressão, mantiveram associadas ao desfecho HA às exposições (fatores de risco): obesos (p<0,001), tempo de assistir à televisão maior a 4 horas (p< 0,000), consumo de café diário (p< 0,005), renda menor que 2 salários mínimos (p< 0,041), número de moradores maior que 4 (p<0,047) e idade maior que 60 anos (p<0,000). Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que há risco de 86% de um pré-hipertenso residente na área urbana de Cuiabá-MT desenvolver HA em 10 anos, e que a mesma está associada a fatores de risco conhecidos, em sua maioria modificáveis. Algumas associações sugerem maior estudo. Adoção de políticas de prevenção, tratamento e controle desta moléstia são necessárias. / The systemic arterial hypertension is a systemic condition which involves structural alterations of the artery and of the myocardium, generating continuously high levels of blood pressure. Of multifactorial causality, it is a great health issue due to its high prevalence, morbidity, mortality and costs. Brazilian researches on systemic arterial hypertension incidence are unusual. Research conducted in 2008 in Porto Alegre (RS) stated that 80% of the pre-hypertensive patients between 40 and 50 years will have systemic arterial hypertension in 10 years. Therefore, it is relevant to study the incidence of systemic arterial hypertension in Cuiabá (MT) in order to obtain technical-scientific information that subsidizes prevention policies against systemic arterial hypertension. Objective: To analyze the incidence of systemic arterial hypertension and associated factors on prehypertensive patients in Cuiabá (MT). Methods: Population-based prospective cohort approved by CEP/HUJM, with population of 400 pre-hypertensive patients watched for 6,8 years, from 2003 through 2010. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, relative risk (Confidence Intervals - CI 95%), Pearson’s chi-square test, p<0,05 and multiple Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Population sample of 171 patients, 61,9% men and 38,1% women, average of 46,6 years old. Follow-up time of 6,8 years. Schooling time of 9,5 years. Average per capita income of R$ 902,20. It was observed in this research that: 10,5% admit high level of salt consumption; 76,6% have daily coffee consumption; 26,9% are sedentary; 13,4% smoke cigarrettes; and 28,6% are obese. General systemic arterial hypertension incidence totaled 58,5%, from which 86% presented uncontrolled blood pressure. Stratified by exposition, the incidence of systemic arterial hypertension found was 63,8% in patients with per capita income below 2 minimum wages; 65,7% in patients that consume coffee daily; 71,7% in sedentary patients; and 77,6% in the obese. After regression, the following expositions remained associated (risk factors): obese (p<0,001), time spent watching TV higher than 4h (p< 0,000), daily coffee consumption (p< 0,005), income lower than 2 minimum wages (p< 0,041), number of inhabitants higher than 4 (p< 0,047) and age higher than 60 years old (p< 0,000). Conclusion: The research has shown that there is an 86% risk for a patient who is a resident of the urban area of Cuiabá (MT) to develop arterial hypertension in ten years, and this is associated to well known risk factors that are, in majority, modifiable. Some associations might demand a greater study. The adoption of prevention policies, treatment and control of this disease are required.

L’augmentation de la pression artérielle est un facteur de risque important pour le développement du déclin cognitif ou de la démence en vieillissant. Les médicaments antihypertenseurs ont montré leur efficacité pour réduire la pression artérielle, mais leurs effets sur la santé cognitive restent toujours incertains. L’entrainement physique peut aussi avoir un effet positif sur la pression artérielle et ses effets sur la cognition sont de plus en plus documentés. Toutefois, aucune étude jusqu’à présent ne s’est intéressée à comparer directement les effets de ces deux types d’interventions sur la santé cognitive chez une même population. Ce projet de recherche avait donc pour objectif de comparer les effets d’un diurétique thiazidique (hydrochlorothiazide) à ceux d’un entrainement par intervalle à haute intensité (EIHI) sur la santé cognitive des aînés préhypertendus. Cette étude expérimentale de type avant-après souhaitait tester l’hypothèse que l’EIHI aurait un effet bénéfique sur les performances cognitives par rapport au traitement diurétique. Les effets sur la cognition ont été évalués en fonction des scores Z de changement obtenus à partir d’une batterie de tests neuropsychologiques réalisée avant et après l’intervention. Une ANCOVA à mesures répétées a été réalisée pour comparer les effets entre les deux groupes (EIHI, diurétique) sur les performances cognitives. L’âge et le sexe ont été utilisés comme covariables dans les analyses. À l’exception de la condition lecture du Stroop, les résultats de cette étude n’ont révélé aucune différence significative entre les deux groupes d’intervention. En effet, les participants du groupe diurétique se sont significativement améliorés (F[1,16] = 8,21 ; p = ,012) à cette condition par rapport aux participants du groupe entrainement physique. Cependant, aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre les groupes en rapport à la réduction de la pression artérielle. Les participants ayant pris part aux 12 semaines d’entrainement physique ont montré une amélioration significative de leur santé cardiorespiratoire (Vo2max) en comparaison au groupe diurétique. Ces résultats suggèrent donc l’efficacité d’un programme d’EIHI de courte durée pour l’amélioration de la santé cardiorespiratoire d’aînés préhypertendus, mais ne sont pas parvenus à déterminer une différence significative entre les deux groupes d’intervention sur le fonctionnement cognitif. De futures études seront donc nécessaires afin de comparer l’influence de ces deux approches sur la santé cognitive des aînés préhypertendus. / Increased blood pressure is an important risk factor for the development of cognitive decline or dementia in aging. Although various approaches appear to be effective in reducing blood pressure, their effects on cognitive health remain unclear. While there is still no clear consensus regarding the impact of antihypertensive drugs on cognition, the benefits associated with blood pressure reduction induced by exercise training appear to have more sustained results in the literature. However, no study to date has directly compared the effects of these two types of interventions on cognitive health in the same population. Therefore, the objective of this research project was to compare the effects of a thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) with those of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the cognitive health of prehypertensive senior adults. This experimental before-and-after study sought to test the hypothesis that HIIT would have a beneficial effect on cognitive performance compared with diuretic treatment. Effects on cognition were assessed by Z scores change from a battery of neuropsychological tests performed before and after the intervention. A repeated-measures ANCOVA was performed to compare the effects between the two groups (HIIT, diuretics) on cognitive performance. Age and sex were used as covariates in the analyses. Except for the Stroop reading condition, the results of this study revealed no significant differences between the two intervention groups. Indeed, participants in the diuretic group improved significantly (F[1,16] = 8,21; p = ,012) on this condition compared to participants in the physical training group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in relation to blood pressure reduction. The participants who took part in the 12-week physical training program showed significant improvement in Vo2max compared with the diuretic group. These results suggest that a short-term physical training program is an effective way to improving cardiovascular health in prehypertensive seniors but failed to determine a significant difference between the two intervention groups on cognitive functioning. Future studies are therefore needed to compare the influence of these two approaches on cognitive health of prehypertensive senior adults.