Název: Komunikace dětí v předškolním věku Anotace: Ve své diplomové práci se zaměřuji na komunikaci dětí v předškolním věku. Cílem výzkumného šetření je zmapovat, jak děti předškolního věku v mateřské škole komunikují v heterogenní skupině, jaké okolnosti ovlivňují komunikaci mezi dětmi, a jaké se objevují rozdíly v komunikaci mezi dítětem a rodičem, dítětem a vrstevníkem a dítětem a učitelem. Dále se snažím zmapovat, zda děti používají při své komunikaci vulgarismy a neologismy, případně kdy se tato slova nejčastěji objevují. Nedílnou součástí práce je vývoj sociální komunikace a podmínky správného vývoje řeči, které jsou pro komunikaci velmi důležité. Klíčová slova: komunikace, předškolní věk, druhy komunikace, pozorování, heterogenní skupina, jednotlivci Title: Communication of pre-school children Annotation: In my graduation theses I am focusing on the communication of pre-school children. The objective of my research is to identify the way of communication of pre-school children in heterogeneous group, the circumstances affecting communication between children and also the differences in communication between a child and its parent, a child and its peer and child with a teacher. Moreover, my focus is also on mapping the frequency of vulgarisms and neologisms in their communication and the situations...

The theoretical part of this Diploma Thesis is attend to matter of body posture and diagnose of it, problematic of body balance and possibilities of preventive medical equalize excercising. The Research part of this Diploma Thesis is attended to physical testing of the body posture and body balance. The tests results are proving the rightness of the Excercising Plan, which has as an object to affect the right body posture of pre-school children and also improve their body balance by regular Excercising on a Balance balls as an important sphere of the right body posture. Key words Body Posture Body Balance Posture system Balance Ball Pre-school age

Disclosure rates among pre-school age victims of alleged sexual abuse were related to the type of investigative interview (forensic evaluation or forensic interview) that they received following a report of abuse. Variables expected to affect the likelihood of the child making a valid disclosure of sexual abuse including the relationship of the child to the offender and the severity of the abuse were also examined. The results indicated that children who underwent a structured, one-time 30 minute forensic interview were significantly less likely to make a valid disclosure of sexual abuse than children who underwent a semi-structured, therapeutic style evaluation over the course of several weeks. The current findings do not suggest that either offender relationship or severity of abuse significantly moderate the relationship between interview type and disclosure status. Limitations of the current study and future directions are discussed.

This master study is on the results of the successful pre-school age children’s upbringing in the family psychological and pedagogical expression’s analysis. There are detected the major elements and features of pupils expression, palliatives of their upbringing. The object of the research is the state of the successful pre-school age children’s upbringing in the family. The task of the research is to educe the psychological and pedagogical peculiarities of the successful pre-school age children’s upbringing in the family. The research involved 26 families, successfully breeding children of the pre-school age (3-7 years old); 20 educators, working in the children garden “Pasakaitė”; and 26 children attending it. From the 203 families were selected 26 ones, whose children are attending children garden. However, it emerged that upbringing children in those 26 families sometimes occurre untoward manifestations in the interrelations also. Generalizing the material of the research about the successful pre-school age children’s upbringing in the family, there were drawn such conclusions: the research confirmed a hypothesis, that successful pre-school age children’s upbringing in the family depends on the psychological and pedagogical expression of families actions. Valuables, on which the peculiarities of the successful pre-school age children’s upbringing in the family depend, are: clear content of the relations between parents and children and its quality; development and... [to full text]

Darbe atlikta teorinė sveikatos sampratos analizė; išnagrinėti priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų sveikatos ugdymo ypatumai.Iškelta hipotezė, kad priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikai turi įgiję žinių apie sveikatą ir tai sudaro pagrindą jų sveikatai ugdyti, palaikyti ir puoselėti.Tarpusavyje derinant ir integruojant kokybinius (interviu) ir kiekybinius (anketinė apklausa) tyrimo metodus buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – atskleisti priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų žinias apie sveikatą ir jų sveikatos ugdymo galimybes. Tyrime dalyvavo 50 ikimokyklinėse ugdymo įstaigose dirbantys specialistai, 100 tėvų, auginančių priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikus ir 10 priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjamas sveikatos ugdymas ikimokyklinėje ugdymo įstaigoje ir šeimoje, ugdytojų požiūris į vaikų sveikatą, priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų žinios apie sveikatą. / The work carried out theoretical analysis of the concept of health; it was examined preschool children's health education features. Hypothesis: preschool children have formed knowledge about health and this forms the basis of their health education, support and nurturing. Combining and integrating qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (survey) methods were investigated, with the aim - to reveal the pre-school age children about health and health education opportunities. The study involved 50 pre-school institutions working professionals, 100 parents of preschool children and 10 preschool children. In the empirical part of health education pre-school educational institution and the family, the attitude towards the health of children, preschool children knowledge about health.

Στην ερευνητική αυτή εργασία διερευνώνται, οι νοητικές αναπαραστάσεις παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας σε σχέση με το εννοιολογικό πρότυπο των ενεργειακών αλυσίδων, με τη βοήθεια ατομικών ημι-δομημένων συνεντεύξεων, τόσο πριν, όσο και μετά την πραγματοποίηση των δραστηριοτήτων της διδακτικής παρέμβασης που μεσολάβησε και η οποία σχεδιάστηκε με βάση το πλαίσιο της στρατηγικής αντιμετώπισης των «στόχων-εμποδίων», στηριζόμενη στις αρχές της εποικοδομιστικής και καινοτομικής αντίληψης. Τα παιδιά καλούνται να ονομάσουν, να προβλέψουν, να αιτιολογήσουν και να ερμηνεύσουν τις πρότυπες πειραματικές διατάξεις τριών φαινομένων, που αφορούν το άναμμα ενός λαμπτήρα με τρεις διαφορετικούς τρόπους (από τη ΔΕΗ, με τη βοήθεια μπαταρίας και τη μεσολάβηση φωτοβολταϊκού στοιχείου). Από μια πρώτη ποιοτική ανάλυση των εξηγήσεων των παιδιών, διαπιστώνεται ότι τα περισσότερα μπορούν ενεργοποιώντας/οικοδομώντας έναν προ-ενεργειακό αιτιακό συλλογισμό, να προσεγγίσουν ένα πρόδρομο μοντέλο για την έννοια της ενέργειας, δημιουργώντας γραμμικές αναπαραστάσεις των αντικειμένων μιας ενεργειακής αλυσίδας, τόσο από την άποψη της λειτουργίας τους, όσο και από την άποψη της διανομής. / In this paper are being investigated, the mental representations of pre-school age children, according to the conceptual model of “energy chains”, using individual semi-structured interviews, so much before, as much as afterwards the activities of the teaching intervention, which were designed according to the frame of the strategic confrontation of “objectives-obstacles” and based on the principles of the constructivism and innovative perception. Children are called to name, to predict, to justify and to interpret the experimental cases of three phenomena, concerning three different ways of turning on an electric lamp (by the National Electric Company, with the help of a battery and with the mediation of photovoltaic element). One first qualitative analysis of children explanations has shown that the majority of them are able by activating/building a pre-energy casual reasoning, to approach a precursor model of the significance of energy, creating linear representations of the objects of an energy chain, not only from the operation’s point, but also from the energy distribution’s.

One of the important milestones in the development of a child is the transition into primary school. Unaddressed issues at the beginning of attendance can have negative impact on the later life of the individual. In the process of adaptation the child's preconditions are met with the external factors. There exists a body of research in this area, however only a fraction was based on the testimony of children themselves. The aim of this thesis is thus to map which aspects of the adaptation to school education can be grasped and described by children themselves. This thesis sums up what we know about the developmental stage of a first grader. The knowledge of prerequisites for reflecting one's own experience and its hindrances is essential. The following chapters focus on the external factors that influence the child during his or her transition into primary school. The research part focuses on how first graders perceive school and everything connected with it; its supportive and challenging aspects. The method used to collect data is a group associative verbal expression and drawing based on given questions. The children perceived as supportive mainly activities connected with play and movement. As challenging they perceived interactions with their peers, demands on discipline and pressure towards...

This thesis is named Problems of school maturity (with respect to graphic abilities). It is divided into two parts. The theoretical part defines the concept of pre-school age and of school maturity, it deals with possible reasons for school immaturiry and their improvement. Special attention is given to drawing in connection with school maturity. The practical part derives from judgement of school maturity on the base of graphic abilities. The typical signs and possible differences between boys' and girls' graphic abilities are viewed.

Disease is a very burdensome and unfavorable situation for every person in his life, which, in some cases is connected with necessary hospitalization. Althought there is an attept at hospitalizing individuals only for necessary time, there are still situations where this period of hospital stay is very long for some patients. Particularly child patients who does not fully understand why he can not be at home in his environment with his closest ones. The aim of all healthcare professionals is to provide hospitalized children with an environment that would eliminate negative psychological and physical manifestations in connection with their involuntary stay in the hospital. Nowadays, however, many other professions are involved in the care of hospitalized children than they did before. The aim of the research was to identify pre-emptive measures of preventing hospitalism manifestation of pre-school children used by selected childrens departments. We also found out how these measures are for doctors, nurses, hospitalized children and their parents. Theoretical part of diploma thesis is prepared on the base of professional sources. A qualitative method was chosen for the empirical part, using semi-structured interwievs with doctors, nurses, pre-school aged hospitalized children and their mothers. The interwievs were conducted in February and March 2017 at two childrens departments of hospitals in the South Bohemian and Moravian-Silesian regions. The obtained data were then analyzed by the open encoding method. The analysis procedure was divided into three individual phases. In the first phase interwievs with medical staff were prepared. In the second phase, data from mothers were analyzed. The third phase consist of a detailed analysis of interviews with children. From the results of the research survey, it is obvious, that elimination of the negative cosequences of the pre-school children hospitalization is done mainly by fulfillment of the Charter of Children's Rights in the Hospital. The main focus is on the lenght of hospitalization, the elimination of unnecessary healing and nursing procedures and, last but not least, the creation of conditions for joint hospitalization with the parents, who then become more active participants in the entire healing process. Parents are provided with enough information, they can do basic nursing care, and, most importantly, as they are all the time with the children, they may be sure that children gets the best care. At the same time, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, gets time that they need not only for their professional activities, but also for children who are hospitalized without their parents. Nurses and doctors can wear colorful uniforms, which certainly have a major effect on appropriate child adaptation and can relieve their anxiety. Kiwanis dolls are being used for examination. They may also serve as a mean of healing and nursing procedures demonstration. Kiwanis dolls, accompanying pre-school child during his hospitalization, also serve for demonstration of feelings or as a mean of creative activity or a game. The analysis of the research results shows that teachers, volunteers, and various organizations have also been involved in the care of hospitalized children in the children departments, which brings many ideas, possibilities and projects. This effective and well coordinated cooperation can be of great importance in the care of hospitalized children, moreover it can also make a major contribution to the quality of nursing care in pediatrics. By taking part in department, they create space for the healthcare professionals, who will gain time for their professional work. They also participate in the humanization of department. At the same time, they create programs for children and parrents that will make their time spent in the hospital more pleasant and allow them to forget of their stay in the hospital.

The diploma thesis is devided into four chapters. The first chapter descibes children´s development psychology including a game that champions children´s movement and an attitude to sport and excercises in individual growing stages. Next chapter explains the biologic age, biologic acceleration and retardation of kids. I have explained those concepts and different views of the categorisation. The last chapter deals with the suitable activities for an individual and with what should be avoided.