Background: previous studies have revealed that newly hired nurses experience stress and anxiety when entering a new clinical setting. Failure to support and prepare these nurses may affect their ability to deliver the required level of nursing care. Preceptorship is a time limited, organised clinical instructional programme, which promotes staff development, improves nursing education, reduces nursing shortages, promotes staff retention and decreases staff turnover. Little evidence expounds about how newly hired nurses perceive preceptorship. The impact of preceptorship on the clinical nursing care of newly hired experienced nurses has not been investigated or verified globally neither has it been investigated from a Saudi context. Aims and Objectives: the study aimed to explore the nature of preceptorship and its impact on clinical nursing care as perceived by the nurses who had taken part in a preceptorship programme in Saudi Arabia. The study elicited the participants' understanding and expectations of the preceptorship programme in an attempt to identify those factors that may be directly related to the success or failure of the programme. Furthermore, it aimed to examine the role of preceptorship in developing the clinical practice of newly hired experienced nurses. Methodology: a qualitative design based on the principles of naturalistic inquiry underpinned this study. Thirty national and international nurses of five different grades across wards in one Saudi hospital were first purposively and subsequently convenience sampled to take part in the study. Most participants were of international origin, possessing various levels of experience and education. Preceptees were younger and less experienced than other programme stakeholders. Data were generated using tape-recorded semi-structured individual and focus groups interviews. This action was also supported by a review of the hospital's preceptorship policy documents. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed concurrently using thematic analysis based on a constant comparative method. Findings and discussion: Six themes were derived from the interview data to generate an account of participants' experiences. Social learning theory was used as an explanatory framework for understanding the study's findings. Thus, preceptorship was seen as an important supportive, learning process, although inconsistencies were highlighted related to the participants' understanding and expectations of the programme. The duration of preceptorship was also contested with some needing longer than allocated. Hence, confusion arose regarding when preceptorship should begin and end due to ambiguities within the preceptorship policy documentation. Furthermore, participants perceived preceptorship had a mixed impact on clinical nursing care depending on preceptee/preceptor preparation and workload. Surprisingly recruitment was found to have the biggest impact on the success or failure of the preceptorship programme an unexpected and new finding highlighted by this study. Conclusion: preceptorship is important for the integration of newly hired experienced nurses into their new roles. The meaning of preceptorship as applied to each hospital needs to be defined and articulated clearly and concisely. In order to meet the objectives of preceptorship, policy documentation needs to be clearer, and recruitment processes need to be reviewed in order to match both preceptee experience and qualifications with organisational requirements.

Introduction: The transitional process is completed by all new employees with a view to the fastest and the most effective involvement in a complete work process of an organization. Also new employees, who start working in the anesthesiology department, go through specific adaptation. The research of this diploma thesis is focused on the anesthesiology department and brings a view of mentors - anesthesiologist nurses on the adaptation transition of new employees. Methodology: This is a qualitative study, data collection was conducted by semi-structured interviews with anesthesiologist nurses and mentors from various fields of anesthesia. Data analysis was performed in open coding steps followed by categorization. A total of 9 anesthesiologist nurses had participated in the research survey. Results: Findings of this research shows important aspects of successful adaptation transition of anesthesiologist nurses. These important aspects are mentor's experiences from both of their transitional process and his previous workplace, also mentoring that is represented by an experienced trainer, as well as cooperative and helpful work environment and collective, and at last, it is a quality feedback for mentor as well as new employer. Conclusion and recommendations: It was proven that for successful...

La pandémie de COVID-19 apporte son lot de défis à relever pour les nouvelles infirmières du Québec, dans un contexte déjà difficile pour elles. Le début de carrière étant particulièrement éprouvant, le préceptorat, qui facilite l’intégration des infirmières débutantes en les jumelant avec une collègue expérimentée en début d’emploi, a largement démontré son efficacité pour pallier le problème de rétention qui touche la relève infirmière. La pandémie de COVID-19 mérite cependant qu’on s’attarde au vécu de ces nouvelles infirmières, dans ce contexte particulier, étant donné les difficultés supplémentaires auxquelles elles doivent faire face, perturbant possiblement leur entrée dans la profession. Le but de cette étude est donc d’explorer les perceptions de nouvelles infirmières et candidates à l’exercice de la profession infirmière en médecine et en chirurgie au regard du préceptorat vécu durant la pandémie de COVID-19 dans un centre hospitalier universitaire du Québec. Pour cette étude qualitative, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été menées auprès de sept nouvelles infirmières. Une analyse thématique a permis de mettre en lumière trois éléments qui seraient décisifs durant le préceptorat selon les nouvelles infirmières, soit la préceptrice, la structure du préceptorat et l’équipe de travail. Ces trois éléments peuvent faire une immense différence durant cette période cruciale, allant jusqu’à influencer la décision des nouvelles infirmières de poursuivre dans leur emploi ou non. Cette étude suggère la nécessité de considérer ces trois éléments au moment de planifier un programme de préceptorat, dont les modalités doivent être bien établies, claires et connues par les personnes concernées. Certaines caractéristiques sont à rechercher lors de la sélection des préceptrices, qui doit être faite de manière réfléchie, et l’impact d’une équipe accueillante et aidante ne devrait pas être négligé. / The COVID-19 pandemic brings an additional set of challenges facing new nurses in Quebec, in an already difficult context for them. Since the start of the career is particularly trying, the preceptorship, which facilitates the integration of novice nurses by pairing them with an experienced colleague at the start of their employment, has amply demonstrated its effectiveness in overcoming the retention problem among new nurses. However, more attention should be focused on the experience of these new nurses in this context of pandemic given the new difficulties that they have to face, possibly disrupting their entry into the profession. The aim of this study is therefore to explore the perceptions of new nurses and candidates to the profession of nursing in medicine and surgery units about the preceptorship experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in a university hospital in Quebec. For this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven new nurses. A thematic analysis brought out three decisive elements during preceptorship, for new nurses: the preceptor, the structure of the preceptorship and the work team. Those three elements can make a huge difference for nurses during this period, going as far as influencing their decision to continue in their job, or not. This study suggests the necessity to keep these concepts in mind when preparing a preceptorship program, its terms needing to be well established, clear, and made known to both the preceptor and the novice nurse. There are certain characteristics to look for when selecting preceptors, and this selection should be made with careful thought. Moreover, the importance of a welcoming and supportive team should not be overlooked.

Le nombre d’infirmières et infirmiers diplômés à l’étranger (IIDÉ) est en constante progression au Canada. Le préceptorat est qualifié d’approche exemplaire pour faciliter la transition professionnelle d’IIDÉ dans le nouvel environnement (Sherman & Eggenberger, 2008). Au cours de cette période, les défis pour l’IIDÉ sont importants en raison des différences culturelles et de pratique entre les pays d’origine et d’accueil (Johnston & Mohide, 2008). Une transition réussie est nécessaire pour le bien-être des IIDÉ et leur rétention dans le milieu de travail, mais aussi pour l’impact possible sur la sécurité des patients et la qualité des soins (Kawi & Xu, 2009). Inspirée de la théorie intermédiaire de la transition (Meleis, Sawyer, Im, Messias, & Schumacher, 2000), cette recherche avait pour but de décrire les perceptions d’IIDÉ et de préceptrices, en regard des stratégies utilisées en période de préceptorat, pour contrer les barrières et faciliter la transition professionnelle d’IIDÉ, en milieu de santé québécois. Les résultats de cette recherche descriptive qualitative proviennent de l’analyse d’entrevues semi-dirigées avec six IIDÉ d’origine française et deux préceptrices. Plusieurs stratégies s’adressant à l’IIDÉ, la préceptrice, l’équipe de travail et l’organisation du centre hospitalier ont été identifiées. Celles pour l’IIDÉ servent à échanger et s’intégrer, accepter et optimiser, comprendre et apprendre ainsi que comparer et sélectionner; celles pour la communauté professionnelle se résument à soutenir, encadrer, personnaliser, expliquer et justifier. Les perceptions d’IIDÉ et de préceptrices varient sur plusieurs des stratégies. Des recommandations pour la formation, la pratique et la recherche en sciences infirmières ont été formulées. / The number of foreign educated nurses (FEN) is in constant progression in Canada. Preceptorship is considered best practice to facilitate the professional transition of FEN in their new environment (Sherman & Eggenberger, 2008). During this period, the challenges for FEN are important because of the differences in culture and practice between the country of origin and the landed one (Johnston & Mohide, 2008). Successful transition is necessary for the well-being of the FEN and their retention in work places, but also for their possible impact on patient’s safety and quality of care (Kawi & Xu, 2009). Inspired by the middle-range theory of transition (Meleis, Sawyer, Im, Messias, & Schumacher, 2000), the goal of this research was to describe the perceptions of FEN and preceptors, in regards to strategies used in preceptorship to overcome barriers and facilitate professional transition of FEN in Quebec’s health system. The results of this descriptive qualitative research were obtained from the analysis of semi-structured interviews with six FEN of French origins and two preceptors. Several strategies addressed to the FEN, the preceptor, the unit’s team members and the hospital organization were identified. Those for the FEN serve to exchange and integrate, accept and optimize, understand and learn, as well as to compare and select; those for the professional community assist to support, guide, personalize, explain and justify. The perceptions of FEN and preceptors vary on many of these strategies. Recommendations for nursing education, practice and nursing research are also provided.

INTRODUÇÃO: A preceptoria é uma modalidade de ensino em serviço, que forma profissionais em cenários de prática e que tem ocupado papel de destaque quando se discute a formação de profissionais de saúde. A preceptoria atende às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de graduação na saúde e ao princípio do Sistema Único de Saúde que preconiza a formação profissional no cenário de prática. Neste contexto, o preceptor, profissional que acompanha o aluno no cenário de prática, ensinando enquanto exerce suas atividades cotidianas, deve ser reconhecido como educador e estar formado de acordo com os princípios da andragogia. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção de preceptores do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre seu papel nos processos educacionais. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório transversal, de abordagem quali-quantitativa, com dados coletados em amostra de conveniência nas cinco regiões do Brasil. Foi construído e validado um instrumento de coleta de dados com 35 afirmações com respostas em escala do tipo Likert de cinco pontos, além de duas perguntas abertas. RESULTADOS: Fizeram parte do estudo 327 preceptores do Sistema Único de Saúde, com média de idade de 37,67 anos e maioria mulheres (80,73%), enfermeiros (35,17%) e profissionais que atuavam na assistência (64,51%). Os participantes afirmaram que a preceptoria é uma atividade educacional em campo de prática, que utiliza métodos ativos de ensino-aprendizagem na formação de profissionais de saúde, sendo considerada como uma ponte entre o sistema de saúde e a academia. Apontaram que desempenham papel de modelo, tutor, orientador, supervisor e mentor ao desenvolverem suas atividades junto aos alunos. A análise de item demonstrou percepção negativa apenas no que dizia respeito à participação parcial da equipe e remuneração na preceptoria. A análise fatorial gerou cinco domínios principais: 1- Competência pedagógica, 2 - Suporte e recursos educacionais, 3 - Planejamento do programa educacional, 4 - Integração ensino-serviço e 5 - Presença do estudante no campo de prática. Os preceptores do nordeste tiveram a visão mais positiva acerca da preceptoria e suas vicissitudes, e os do sudeste a menos positiva. Entre as profissões, os preceptores farmacêuticos apresentaram a pior percepção. CONCLUSÃO: Os preceptores que participaram deste estudo demonstram clareza sobre a natureza da preceptoria e do seu papel de educadores, reconheceram que sua atividade junto aos alunos faz cumprir as diretrizes de formação profissional vigentes no Brasil / INTRODUCTION: Preceptorship is a method of teaching out-of-field teaching which develop students using practical scenarios and is starting to have a important role in the healthcare professional training. Preceptorship attends the requirements of National Curricular Guidelines to healthcare graduation courses and the Unified Public Health System (SUS), which advocates the training of the professional on a practical scenario. In this context, the preceptor, a professional who guides the student on the practical scenario, teaching while developing the daily work routine, must be recognized as an educator and prepared following the principles of andragogy. AIMS: This study aims to analize the perception of the preceptors of the Unified Public Health System about their role on educational proccess. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional scoping study with both qualitative and quantitative approach, with data collected from a convenience sample from the five regions of Brasil. A questionnaire containing 35 statements with answers based on a Likert type scale and two open questions. FINDINGS: 327 preceptors from the Unified Public Health System participated in the study, with an average age of 37.67 years old and a majority of women (80.73%), nurses (35.17%) and professionals working on the assistance (64,51%). The participants describes preceptorship as an educational activity in a practical field, which uses active learning methods of healthcare professionals training, being considered as a bridge between the Unified Public Health System and the university. They consider that they develop a role of model, tutor, leader, supervisor and menthor to the students. The analysis evences that there is a negative perception of the participation of the full professional team and that they get paid to be a preceptor. The fator analysis generated 5 domains: 1. Pedagogical Competencies; 2. Support and educational resources, 3. Eduactional program planning; 4. Integration between teaching and health services and; 5. Attendance of the student on the practical field. Northeast preceptors had the most positive reaction about preceptorship and its vicissitudes, being southeast preceptors the one with the lowest positive one. Between professions, pharmacists showed the worst perception. CONCLUSION: Preceptors that participated the study demonstrated an adequate knowledge about the nature of preceptorship and their role as educators, recognizing that preceptorship fulfills the requirements of Brazilian\'s presente guidelines of professional training

Introdução: Programas de Tutoria (modalidade mentoring) têm sido reconhecidos em seus méritos, conquistando espaço nas instituições que investem na formação integral de seus alunos. Na formação médica, além de aprender a técnica, o jovem tem a necessidade de amadurecer para lidar com o sofrimento do outro, o que justifica a relação de proximidade e cuidado proporcionada pelo Mentoring. Esta relação, embora desejada e promissora, é bastante complexa e influenciada por características pessoais, questões institucionais e pelo próprio enquadre de funcionamento. No Programa Tutores FMUSP, o estar em grupo é outro elemento a se considerar, incluindo a presença de dinâmicas inconscientes, tal como descritas pela teoria psicanalítica de Wilfred Bion. Bion sugere que os grupos podem operar de duas maneiras distintas, as quais afetam seus objetivos - o \"grupo de trabalho\" (funcionamento colaborativo) e \"o grupo de suposto básico\" (funcionamento regredido). Objetivos: Para aprofundar a compreensão das relações de mentoring, este estudo investigou a dinâmica de um grupo de tutoria do Programa de Tutores FMUSP ao longo de um ano. Teve como objetivos específicos a descrição dos encontros realizados e sua análise a partir do referencial psicanalítico bioniano sobre grupos. Metodologia: O estudo foi realizado numa abordagem qualitativa, estudando o fenômeno em seu ambiente natural, Realizou-se um estudo de caso, por meio de observação participante, acompanhando os encontros de um grupo de tutoria em seus encontros mensais no Programa Tutores FMUSP, no período de abril de 2009 a março de 2010. Foi utilizado um roteiro de observação e um caderno de notas. Por meio da análise de conteúdo foram estabelecidas categorias articuladas aos objetivos do estudo. Resultados: O grupo observado, por sua formação artificial, mostrou-se de complexo manejo. O tutor, neste enquadre, precisou criar condições que favorecessem a ligação entre os participantes. As características pessoais e disposição do tutor e dos alunos favoreceram o compartilhamento de experiências e a formação de vínculos. O cotidiano da formação médica dificultou o estar no grupo, mas não impediu que o encontro ocorresse quando temas interessantes, prazerosos e da ordem da \"descompressão\" das angústias estiveram presentes. O grupo observado funcionou, predominantemente, de forma colaborativa, como um \"grupo de trabalho\". Também apresentou, como proposto por Bion, momentos de funcionamento regredido, derivados de fantasias inconscientes. O suposto básico de luta ou fuga manifestou-se no grupo em situações de cobrança e julgamento; a dependência quando houve intensa valorização da experiência do tutor e o acasalamento quando houve formação de pares não produtivos no grupo. O estilo do tutor, associado às características dos alunos, foi essencial para que o grupo saísse dos momentos regredidos e voltasse a funcionar de forma colaborativa. Conclusão: A proximidade e a intimidade com o grupo de tutoria revelaram aspectos importantes a respeito do que pode acontecer na relação de mentoring. Além de aspectos pessoais e do contexto institucional, fenômenos grupais inconscientes podem afetar o funcionamento de um grupo de tutoria. Programas desenvolvidos neste enquadre devem considerá-los para a compreensão da relação de mentoring em profundidade e para o manejo das dificuldades inerentes ao processo / Introduction: Mentoring programs have been recognized for their merits, gaining recognition in institutions concerning integral education of their students. In medical training, the young student needs to learn the technique and became mature to deal with others\" suffering, justifying the close and careful relationship offered by mentoring. Although desired and promising, mentoring relationship is complex and influenced by personal characteristics, institutional issues and the operating mode itself. In Programa Tutores FMUSP, another element to be considered is being in a group, including its unconscious dynamics, as described by psychoanalytic Bion\"s theory. Bion suggested that groups can operate in two distinct ways which affects the achievement of its purposes- the \"work group\" (a collaborative functioning) and the \"basic assumption group\" (a regressive one). Objectives: To deepen the understanding of mentoring relationships, this study investigated the dynamics of a FMUSP tutoring group over one year. We aimed to describe the mentoring meetings and analyze them using Bion\"s psychoanalytic framework about groups. Methodology: The study was carried out using a qualitative approach, studying the phenomenon in its natural environment. We conducted a case study through participant observation, following a tutoring group in their monthly meetings from April 2009 to March 2010.An observation guide and a field diary were used. Through content analysis, we established categories related to study objectives. Results: Due to its artificial composition the observed group showed a complex management. In this context, the tutor needed to promote conditions in order to connect the participants. Tutor and students personal characteristics and motivation contributed to the sharing of experiences and the link among them. The daily medical training made it difficult to be in the group but it did not prevent meetings from happening when interesting, pleasant and de-stressing issues were present. Most of the time, the group operated as a \"working group\". The group also worked as a \"basic assumption group\" showing a regressive functioning. \"Fight or flight\" were observed in group situations of accusations and judgments, \"Dependence\" was observed when the tutor\"s experience was overestimated and \"Pairing\" when unproductive interaction occurred in pairs. The return of a collaborative way of group functioning was possible due to tutor\"s style associated with students\" characteristics. Conclusion: The closeness and intimacy experience with the tutoring group revealed important aspects about what could happen in mentoring relationships. In addition to personal aspects and institutional context, unconscious dynamics can affect the mentoring group meetings. Mentoring programs must recognize all these influences to an in-depth understanding of the relationship and to better deal with the inherent difficulties of the process

Introdução: A preceptoria em enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde tem o desafio de proporcionar aprimoramento aos enfermeiros, ao passo que discute e os apoia na busca por qualificação na assistência prestada ao usuário, família e comunidade. Objetivos: Compreender a preceptoria em enfermagem e suas interações nos processos educativos e de gestão dos serviços de Atenção Primária da Organização Social (OS) Santa Marcelina. Metodologia: Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso com abordagem qualitativa. Fizeram parte da pesquisa três regiões do município de São Paulo gerenciadas pela OS Santa Marcelina: Itaim Paulista, Cidade Tiradentes e Guaianases. Para a coleta de dados trabalhou-se com fontes documentais, utilizadas cotidianamente pela preceptoria, e entrevista com preceptores e técnicos atuantes na gestão regional que coordenam as ações desenvolvidas nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Utilizou-se a Análise Temática como método para tratamento dos dados. Foram identificadas cinco categorias temáticas: Preceptoria e seu papel como Educadora; Preceptoria e suas Interações; Preceptoria e a diversidade de seus Elos; Preceptoria e Gestão; e A Ambiguidade no papel da Preceptoria. Resultados: Parte dos envolvidos no processo de preceptoria percebe sua atividade como essencialmente educativa, porém os dados da pesquisa mostraram que está constituída por importantes elementos de gestão. Esses elementos podem atender às necessidades locais, oportunizando qualidade na assistência prestada à população, tendo em vista que seu papel interlocutor pode facilitar a integração entre a assistência direta, realizada pelos enfermeiros, e a gestão realizada tanto pelos gerentes das Unidades Básicas de Saúde quanto pelos gestores regionais. Seu papel como educadores proporciona espaço de troca e escuta aos enfermeiros das Unidades, trazendo consigo importantes elementos pontuados pela Política de Educação Permanente, além de possibilitar aperfeiçoamento de conhecimentos e habilidades requeridas à função. Suas Interações facilitam a interlocução entre Gestão Regional e Gerenciamento Local, frente às necessidades enfrentadas no cotidiano, tornando conhecidas as limitações e potencialidades. O estabelecimento de seus elos proporciona vínculo e transmissão de confiança, tanto à gestão quanto aos enfermeiros das Unidades, apoiando a tomada de decisão, articulando ações nos diferentes espaços e oferecendo suporte às mudanças necessárias. Seu papel na gestão pode ser demonstrado pela similaridade de sua atuação com a função de supervisão, utilizando-se mais dos aspectos pedagógicos e políticos dessa atividade, fortalecendo a organização do trabalho, planejamento, apoio às questões relacionais, avaliação, tomada de decisão, fortalecimento de metas e diretrizes e aumento da qualidade nos processos. Dadas essas características, emerge seu papel ambíguo visto que em determinados momentos o preceptor atua como educador e gestor, podendo gerar desconforto, conflito de papéis e perda de confiança, caso não seja bem trabalhado. Considerações Finais: A união dos cinco temas possibilita a visualização da preceptoria como prática Institucional emergente que tende a ser coletivizada para toda a equipe, abarcando, complementariamente, elementos da gestão de recursos humanos, supervisão e educação permanente. Tais aspectos, entretanto, devem ser tratados cuidadosamente junto à preceptoria e à gestão regional, oferecendo apoio para que não haja perdas na potencialidade de sua atuação / Introduction: The nursing preceptorship in Primary Health Care is challenged to qualify nurses while it analyzes and supports them to pursue quality in their practice towards the user, the family and the community. Objectives: To understand nursing preceptorship and its interactions in education and management processes of Primary Health Care services of the Social Organization (SO) Santa Marcelina. Methodology: A case study with a qualitative approach. Three regions of São Paulo, managed by the (SO) Santa Marcelina, were part of this research: Itaim Paulista, Tiradentes and Guaianases. For data collection, documents daily applied in preceptorship were used as source in this research, as well as interviews with preceptors and technicians who work in said regions and manage the actions taken in the Primary Health Care Units. A thematic analysis was used as method for data treatment. Five thematic categories were defined: Preceptorship and its Education role; Preceptorship and its interactions; Preceptorship and its several connections; Preceptorship and Management; and the Ambiguity in the Preceptorship role. Results: Most of preceptors think their activity as essentially educational; however, research data indicate that it includes significant management elements that can meet local community needs, increasing quality in the service provided to the population, while it establishes an interaction between the direct service provided by nurses, and the management carried out by either managers of Primary Health Care Units or regional managers. Its role as educator makes room for communication and hearing of the Unit nurses, not only including important aspects focused by the Permanent Education Policy, but also allowing to increase knowledge and skills required to perform their job. Its interactions enable the conversation between Regional and Local Management regarding the needs daily faced, thus becoming aware of limitations and potentials. Establishing connections ensures reliability for both management and nurses of the Units, supporting the decision-making process, promoting initiatives in different rooms and inducing necessary changes. The role of Preceptorship can be found in its similarity to the supervision activity by using the pedagogical and political aspects of it, strengthening work structure and planning, supporting relationship matters, evaluation, decision making, goals and guidelines setting, and adding quality to the processes. Due to these characteristics, it highlights an ambiguous role since, in certain times, this preceptor works as an educator and manager, causing discomfort, conflict and unreliability when such role is not elaborated. Final Considerations: Bringing these five thematic categories together allows us to view preceptorship as an emerging Institutional practice to be made collective for all staff, embracing aspects of human resources, supervision and permanent education on a complementary basis. Still, such aspects must be carefully treated during preceptorship and regional management, providing support to it so as not to cause losses to its potential

Introdução: A preceptoria em enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde tem o desafio de proporcionar aprimoramento aos enfermeiros, ao passo que discute e os apoia na busca por qualificação na assistência prestada ao usuário, família e comunidade. Objetivos: Compreender a preceptoria em enfermagem e suas interações nos processos educativos e de gestão dos serviços de Atenção Primária da Organização Social (OS) Santa Marcelina. Metodologia: Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso com abordagem qualitativa. Fizeram parte da pesquisa três regiões do município de São Paulo gerenciadas pela OS Santa Marcelina: Itaim Paulista, Cidade Tiradentes e Guaianases. Para a coleta de dados trabalhou-se com fontes documentais, utilizadas cotidianamente pela preceptoria, e entrevista com preceptores e técnicos atuantes na gestão regional que coordenam as ações desenvolvidas nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Utilizou-se a Análise Temática como método para tratamento dos dados. Foram identificadas cinco categorias temáticas: Preceptoria e seu papel como Educadora; Preceptoria e suas Interações; Preceptoria e a diversidade de seus Elos; Preceptoria e Gestão; e A Ambiguidade no papel da Preceptoria. Resultados: Parte dos envolvidos no processo de preceptoria percebe sua atividade como essencialmente educativa, porém os dados da pesquisa mostraram que está constituída por importantes elementos de gestão. Esses elementos podem atender às necessidades locais, oportunizando qualidade na assistência prestada à população, tendo em vista que seu papel interlocutor pode facilitar a integração entre a assistência direta, realizada pelos enfermeiros, e a gestão realizada tanto pelos gerentes das Unidades Básicas de Saúde quanto pelos gestores regionais. Seu papel como educadores proporciona espaço de troca e escuta aos enfermeiros das Unidades, trazendo consigo importantes elementos pontuados pela Política de Educação Permanente, além de possibilitar aperfeiçoamento de conhecimentos e habilidades requeridas à função. Suas Interações facilitam a interlocução entre Gestão Regional e Gerenciamento Local, frente às necessidades enfrentadas no cotidiano, tornando conhecidas as limitações e potencialidades. O estabelecimento de seus elos proporciona vínculo e transmissão de confiança, tanto à gestão quanto aos enfermeiros das Unidades, apoiando a tomada de decisão, articulando ações nos diferentes espaços e oferecendo suporte às mudanças necessárias. Seu papel na gestão pode ser demonstrado pela similaridade de sua atuação com a função de supervisão, utilizando-se mais dos aspectos pedagógicos e políticos dessa atividade, fortalecendo a organização do trabalho, planejamento, apoio às questões relacionais, avaliação, tomada de decisão, fortalecimento de metas e diretrizes e aumento da qualidade nos processos. Dadas essas características, emerge seu papel ambíguo visto que em determinados momentos o preceptor atua como educador e gestor, podendo gerar desconforto, conflito de papéis e perda de confiança, caso não seja bem trabalhado. Considerações Finais: A união dos cinco temas possibilita a visualização da preceptoria como prática Institucional emergente que tende a ser coletivizada para toda a equipe, abarcando, complementariamente, elementos da gestão de recursos humanos, supervisão e educação permanente. Tais aspectos, entretanto, devem ser tratados cuidadosamente junto à preceptoria e à gestão regional, oferecendo apoio para que não haja perdas na potencialidade de sua atuação / Introduction: The nursing preceptorship in Primary Health Care is challenged to qualify nurses while it analyzes and supports them to pursue quality in their practice towards the user, the family and the community. Objectives: To understand nursing preceptorship and its interactions in education and management processes of Primary Health Care services of the Social Organization (SO) Santa Marcelina. Methodology: A case study with a qualitative approach. Three regions of São Paulo, managed by the (SO) Santa Marcelina, were part of this research: Itaim Paulista, Tiradentes and Guaianases. For data collection, documents daily applied in preceptorship were used as source in this research, as well as interviews with preceptors and technicians who work in said regions and manage the actions taken in the Primary Health Care Units. A thematic analysis was used as method for data treatment. Five thematic categories were defined: Preceptorship and its Education role; Preceptorship and its interactions; Preceptorship and its several connections; Preceptorship and Management; and the Ambiguity in the Preceptorship role. Results: Most of preceptors think their activity as essentially educational; however, research data indicate that it includes significant management elements that can meet local community needs, increasing quality in the service provided to the population, while it establishes an interaction between the direct service provided by nurses, and the management carried out by either managers of Primary Health Care Units or regional managers. Its role as educator makes room for communication and hearing of the Unit nurses, not only including important aspects focused by the Permanent Education Policy, but also allowing to increase knowledge and skills required to perform their job. Its interactions enable the conversation between Regional and Local Management regarding the needs daily faced, thus becoming aware of limitations and potentials. Establishing connections ensures reliability for both management and nurses of the Units, supporting the decision-making process, promoting initiatives in different rooms and inducing necessary changes. The role of Preceptorship can be found in its similarity to the supervision activity by using the pedagogical and political aspects of it, strengthening work structure and planning, supporting relationship matters, evaluation, decision making, goals and guidelines setting, and adding quality to the processes. Due to these characteristics, it highlights an ambiguous role since, in certain times, this preceptor works as an educator and manager, causing discomfort, conflict and unreliability when such role is not elaborated. Final Considerations: Bringing these five thematic categories together allows us to view preceptorship as an emerging Institutional practice to be made collective for all staff, embracing aspects of human resources, supervision and permanent education on a complementary basis. Still, such aspects must be carefully treated during preceptorship and regional management, providing support to it so as not to cause losses to its potential

Le nombre d’infirmières et infirmiers diplômés à l’étranger (IIDÉ) est en constante progression au Canada. Le préceptorat est qualifié d’approche exemplaire pour faciliter la transition professionnelle d’IIDÉ dans le nouvel environnement (Sherman & Eggenberger, 2008). Au cours de cette période, les défis pour l’IIDÉ sont importants en raison des différences culturelles et de pratique entre les pays d’origine et d’accueil (Johnston & Mohide, 2008). Une transition réussie est nécessaire pour le bien-être des IIDÉ et leur rétention dans le milieu de travail, mais aussi pour l’impact possible sur la sécurité des patients et la qualité des soins (Kawi & Xu, 2009). Inspirée de la théorie intermédiaire de la transition (Meleis, Sawyer, Im, Messias, & Schumacher, 2000), cette recherche avait pour but de décrire les perceptions d’IIDÉ et de préceptrices, en regard des stratégies utilisées en période de préceptorat, pour contrer les barrières et faciliter la transition professionnelle d’IIDÉ, en milieu de santé québécois. Les résultats de cette recherche descriptive qualitative proviennent de l’analyse d’entrevues semi-dirigées avec six IIDÉ d’origine française et deux préceptrices. Plusieurs stratégies s’adressant à l’IIDÉ, la préceptrice, l’équipe de travail et l’organisation du centre hospitalier ont été identifiées. Celles pour l’IIDÉ servent à échanger et s’intégrer, accepter et optimiser, comprendre et apprendre ainsi que comparer et sélectionner; celles pour la communauté professionnelle se résument à soutenir, encadrer, personnaliser, expliquer et justifier. Les perceptions d’IIDÉ et de préceptrices varient sur plusieurs des stratégies. Des recommandations pour la formation, la pratique et la recherche en sciences infirmières ont été formulées. / The number of foreign educated nurses (FEN) is in constant progression in Canada. Preceptorship is considered best practice to facilitate the professional transition of FEN in their new environment (Sherman & Eggenberger, 2008). During this period, the challenges for FEN are important because of the differences in culture and practice between the country of origin and the landed one (Johnston & Mohide, 2008). Successful transition is necessary for the well-being of the FEN and their retention in work places, but also for their possible impact on patient’s safety and quality of care (Kawi & Xu, 2009). Inspired by the middle-range theory of transition (Meleis, Sawyer, Im, Messias, & Schumacher, 2000), the goal of this research was to describe the perceptions of FEN and preceptors, in regards to strategies used in preceptorship to overcome barriers and facilitate professional transition of FEN in Quebec’s health system. The results of this descriptive qualitative research were obtained from the analysis of semi-structured interviews with six FEN of French origins and two preceptors. Several strategies addressed to the FEN, the preceptor, the unit’s team members and the hospital organization were identified. Those for the FEN serve to exchange and integrate, accept and optimize, understand and learn, as well as to compare and select; those for the professional community assist to support, guide, personalize, explain and justify. The perceptions of FEN and preceptors vary on many of these strategies. Recommendations for nursing education, practice and nursing research are also provided.

Background: Clinical instructors are expected to be excellent practitioners with great teaching skills. They play a vital role in teaching the next generation of respiratory therapists (RTs). Because clinical instructors impact the learning process of teaching the next generation, it is important to identify the effective teaching characteristics that contribute to the clinical success of the student from the perspective of RT faculty. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify effective behavioral teaching characteristics of clinical instructors that are deemed most and least important by RT faculty in the State of Georgia. METHODS: Data were collected through a descriptive survey. The survey was adapted and emailed to all RT faculty members listed on The Georgia Society for Respiratory Care (GSRC) website. The survey consisted of three main domains: professional competence, relationship with students, and personal attributes. Thirty-five behavioral teaching characteristics were presented on a five-point Likert scale according to importance. RESULTS: Nineteen responses were received out of forty emailed surveys, with a response rate of 47.5%. The majority of participants indicated a master degree as their highest degree. Almost 58% of the participants teach at programs that offer associate degree. The study findings indicated faculty members’ perceptions ranking of the most important behavioral teaching characteristics hold a lot of similarities and some differences. Among all provided teaching characteristics, “Facilitate critical thinking in clinical practice was perceived as the most important behavioral teaching characteristic with mean scores and S.D of (M 4.89, S.D ±0.31), respectively. In the domain of relationship with students, “Encourage students to feel free to ask questions or ask for help” was ranked the highest by the participants with a mean of 4.57 and S.D of ±0.50. In the personal attributes domain, “Able to collaborate with other disciplines” was ranked as the most important characteristic with mean scores and S.D respectively (M 4.68, S.D ±0.47). CONCULSION: Faculty from different program levels (associate, baccalaureate and master) agreed that “Facilitate critical thinking in clinical practice” was the most important characteristic. Based on these findings, it is highly recommend that clinical instructors strive to improve their attitudes toward students as the best way to achieve the goals of clinical teaching. They also showed the need for respiratory therapy programs to foster and to promote uniformly identified effective behavioral teaching characteristics.