Spelling suggestions: "subject:"prefabricated"" "subject:"refabricated""
131 |
Katrina Cottages: the value of place and permanence in a post-disaster landscapeHinton, Matthew C. 06 August 2021 (has links)
Hurricane Katrina overwhelmed the government's capacity to provide adequate long-term housing to disaster victims. In response, Congress created a pilot program to test the efficacy of permanent disaster housing prototypes known as "Katrina Cottages." However, implementation was hindered by a lack of planning and local opposition. In Mississippi, residents feared adverse impacts to property values, citing poor design quality resembling manufactured mobile homes as a primary concern. Using standardized local tax appraisals, this study finds that Katrina Cottages are valued significantly higher than manufactured homes. It further reveals no significant difference between Katrina Cottages and single-family homes. It also suggests a strong relationship between value and smart growth design metrics, including density, walkability, and urban context. However, it shows that Mississippi Katrina Cottages are valued lower than those in Alabama and Louisiana. Furthermore, analysis of community demographics suggests Katrina Cottages may be less valuable in wealthy communities.
|
132 |
Precast modular construction of schools in South AfricaDe Klerk, Dean 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a study in the use of precast modular construction as an alternative to current methods of school construction in South Africa.
Precast Modular Construction is a concept which utilises the principles of prefabrication and precast concrete. Concrete components, be they beams, columns, slabs or full volumetric modules, are manufactured either off-site in factories or in on-site facilities. These components are then assembled on-site to form the structural envelope of a building.
This approach contains many inherent advantages: Time is saved due to on-site and off-site work happening concurrently and hence earlier building occupancy results which directly translates to cost reparation; quality is improved due to most of the work being carried out in a controlled factory environment; and health and safety is heightened. However, when viewed from a South African perspective, the fact that less work is done on-site indirectly implicates job loss, a serious issue in the country.
Furthermore, implementing a prefabricated approach in the construction of South African schools requires a complete restructuring of the Department of Public Works’ current procurement approach. Prefabrication requires maximum integration between all parties to a project so that design and constructability issues can be addressed at an early stage. The design-build contract strategy is found to be the most integrated approach and allows for optimal collaboration between all project members.
However, to only change the procurement route would not suffice as a complete solution. A broader approach is required which addresses issues prevalent in South Africa. These issues include job creation and the establishment of a sustainable and knowledgeable industry. Concepts such as standardisation and strategic partnering, in response, satisfy the need of the manufacturer - for economies of scale, and the employee - for creation of secure working environments.
Verification is obtained from all of the aforementioned to propose that the optimal solution to successfully implement Precast Modular Construction for schools in South Africa would be to implement a design-build procurement approach, whereby a single design-build contractor is awarded by the Department of Public Works a contract, via competitive tendering, for the construction of a predetermined number of schools, preferably exceeding 3, over a given contract period using a standardised design and utilising customisable standardised prefabricated precast construction systems, i.e. Precast Modular Construction.
This proposal will theoretically result, amongst other things, in the following:
- Precast manufacturers will have a confirmed number of orders for products, and can hence be assured of a constant flow of income. This translates directly to an increase in both employment and job security at the manufacturing plant.
- The economies of scale principle is satisfied and prefabricated components can therefore be manufactured or ‘mass customised’ in the most feasible way possible.
- The design-build contractor will be guaranteed employment for a given period, once again providing job security for its employees, of which the number can also potentially increase.
- The design-build contractor carries with it experience and lessons learned from each successfully completed project on to the next, and so becomes more proficient, resulting in better, higher quality schools delivered in shorter periods and with increased efficiency.
It is recognised that the proposal is untested in practise but in a socio-economic situation such as South Africa, where large numbers of schools are required quickly, the above proposal makes sense.
To additionally develop this hypothesis, further research is required in the fields of design-build procurement and strategic partnering. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n studie in die gebruik van modulêre voorafvervaardigte beton konstruksie as 'n alternatief vir die huidige metodes van skool konstruksie in Suid-Afrika.
Modulêre voorafvervaardigte beton konstruksie bevat baie inherente voordele. Tyd word bespaar as gevolg van werk wat gelyktydig op en van die terrein af gebeur. Dus word die gebou vroeër betrek wat direk lei tot kostebesparings. Kwaliteit verbeter as gevolg van meeste van die werk wat in 'n beheerde fabriek omgewing uitgevoer word en as sulks lei tot beter gesondheid en veiligheid van werkers. Egter, vanuit 'n Suid-Afrikaanse perspektief impliseer die feit dat daar minder werk op die terrein gedoen word indirek werksverlies, 'n ernstige probleem in die land.
Die implementering van 'n voorafvervaardigde benadering tot die bou van skole in Suid-Afrika vereis verder 'n volledige herstrukturering van die huidige verskaffing model. Voorafvervaardiging vereis maksimum integrasie tussen alle partye sodat projek ontwerp en boubaarheid op 'n vroeë stadium aangespreek kan word. Die ontwerp-bou kontrak strategie is die mees geïntegreerde benadering en laat toe vir optimale samewerking tussen alle projek lede.
Om egter net die verskaffing roete te verander, sou nie voldoen as 'n enkele oplossing nie. 'n Breër benadering word vereis wat kwessies algemeen in Suid-Afrika aanspreek. Hierdie kwessies sluit in werkskepping en die vestiging van 'n volhoubare en kundige industrie. Konsepte soos standaardisering en strategiese vennootskap, as oplossings, voldoen aan die behoeftes van die vervaardiger - vir 'n ekonomieë van skaal, en die werknemer - vir die skepping van 'n versekerde werksomgewing.
Die voorafgaande bevestig dat die optimale oplossing vir suksesvolle implementering van Beton Modulêre Konstruksie vir skole in Suid-Afrika sou wees om 'n ontwerp-bou verskaffingsprosedure te volg. Hierdeur kan 'n kontrak aan 'n enkele ontwerp-bou kontrakteur deur die Departement van Openbare Werke toegeken word, deur middel van ‘n mededingende tender proses. Daar word voorgestel dat die projek, vir die konstruksie van 'n voorafbepaalde aantal skole behoort te wees, verkieslik meer as 3, oor 'n bepaalde kontrak tydperk met behulp van 'n gestandaardiseerde ontwerp. Voorts word daar voorgestel om gebruik te maak van aanpasbare gestandaardiseerde voorafvervaardigde beton konstruksie stelsels, dws Beton Modulêre Konstruksie.
Hierdie voorstel sal teoreties, onder andere, die volgende gevolge hê:
- Beton vervaardigers sal 'n bevestigde aantal bestellings vir produkte hê, en kan dus verseker wees van 'n konstante vloei van inkomste. Dit lei direk tot 'n toename in indiensneming en werksekerheid by die fabriek.
- Die ekonomieë van skaal beginsel is bevredig en voorafvervaardigde komponente kan dus vervaardig word in die mees haalbare manier moontlik.
- Die ontwerp-bou kontrakteur is gewaarborg van indiensneming vir 'n gegewe tydperk, as sulks ook die verskaffing van werksekerheid vir sy werknemers, waarvan die aantal moontlik ook kan vermeerder.
- Die ontwerp-bou kontrakteur neem ondervinding en lesse wat geleer is uit elke suksesvolle voltooide projek saam na die volgende een, en raak dus meer bedrewe, wat lei tot beter, hoër gehalte skole gelewer in korter tydperke en met toenemende doeltreffendheid.
Die voorstel is egter ongetoets in die praktyk, maar in 'n sosio-ekonomiese situasie soos die van Suid-Afrika, waar 'n groot aantal skole vinnig benodig word, maak die bogenoemde voorstel sin.
Om hierdie hipotese te ontwikkel, is verdere navorsing nodig in die gebied van ontwerp-bou verskaffing en strategiese vennootskappe.
|
133 |
Análisis de implementación de prefabricados y el uso de herramientas modernas como el Bim y Lean Construction para viviendas destinadas al sector socioeconómico “C” en la ciudad de Juliaca / Analysis of implementing precast concrete and modern building tools as BIM and Lean Construction in housing that belong to the socioeconomic C sector in the city of Juliaca.Flores Quispe, Cesar Eddy, Mamani Mamani, Eduardo, Vargas Camacho, Luis Enrique 19 July 2018 (has links)
Según estudios realizados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática – INEI, en la región de Puno, en los censos de 1993 y 2007 existe un crecimiento demográfico emigrante de las zonas rurales a la zona urbana, de la ciudad de Juliaca, gran parte de esta población pertenece al sector socioeconómico “C”; por lo que la demanda de la adquisición de la vivienda propia que sea de bajo costo y además cumpla con las necesidades básica que se incrementaron para dicha población.
El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en el desarrollo y utilización de nuevas tecnologías de gestión como es el uso del BIM (Building Information Modeling) y el Lean Construction para el desarrollo de una vivienda unifamiliar en la ciudad de Juliaca, como así también la implementación del uso de materiales y técnicas de construcción novedosos tales como son los prefabricados de concreto; con estas nuevas tendencias de construcción y gestión se procura aminorar los costos y tener la posibilidad de adquirir la vivienda propia para este sector de la población.
Dentro de este estudio se establece que los prefabricados a utilizarse en este proceso constructivo de la vivienda serán los paneles tipo Sándwich y las prelosas, las cuales son comparadas con el sistema tradicional que corresponde a un sistema aporticado que es usado mayormente en la ciudad de Juliaca. / According to some statistical studies by Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática – INEI, in the region of Puno, performed in the 1993 and 2007 Census; there is increasing of immigrant population who belong to the "C" socioeconomical sector; for which low-cost own housing that meets the requirements of this population has shown a strong growth.
The aim of this thesis consists in developing and use of new technologies of management in building, as the usage of BIM (Building Informatio Modeling), and Lean Construction in order to get a single-family house built in the city of Juliaca, as well as the implementation of the use of new materials and new construction techniques, as pre-fabricated concrete construction products; with these new construction and management trends, we seek to lower costs and to get the possibility to obtain own housing for this sector of the population.
Pre-fabricated construction products to be used in this process of building of houses will be Sandwich panels and floor plates, which will be compared with the traditional building breached system used mostly used in the city of Juliaca. / Trabajo de investigación
|
134 |
Industrialized building systems for housing,January 1971 (has links)
edited by Albert G. H. Dietz [and] Laurence S. Cutler. / Papers selected from 2 M.I.T. special summer sessions: Aug. 18-29, 1969 and June 16-20, 1970. / Bibliography: p. [253]-[255]
|
135 |
Stabilitetsanalyser av ett flerfamiljehus- Analys av fyra metoder att undersöka global stabilitet / Stability Anylisis of an Appartment Building- Analysis of four methods used to determine global stabilityPeterson, Vikor, Zetterlund, Zebastian January 2018 (has links)
Konstruktörer i dagens läge kommer in i projekten väldigt sent samtidigt som dom får allt färre timmar att projektera med. Detta har resulterat i att programvaror rörande beräkningar och konstruktion har fått ett allt större fokus och en högre efterfrågan, samtidigt som kunskapen rörande användningen av dessa program är fortsatt förhållandevis låg.Konstruktionsavdelningen på Strängbetong i Örebro använder idag en kombination av MathCAD, Excel och handberäkning för sina projekt. Reflektion har gjort angående om hur det går att använda program som StruSofts FEM-Design vilket nyttjar finita elementmetoden till sina beräkningar. Avdelningen är dock skeptiskt mot programmets komplexitet och dess resultat från tidigare projekt.Arbetets syfte är analysera stomstabiliteten av ett flerfamiljehus bestående av prefabricerade element utifrån fyra olika metoder med hjälp av FEM-Design. Tre av metoderna är statiska sätt att se på en byggnad medans den fjärde metoden är en förenkling som görs vid traditionell handberäkning. Frågan som undersöks är hur stora skillnaderna blir mellan dessa fyra olika metoder och varför detta inträffar. Stabiliteten analyseras globalt med enbart fokus på jämvikt mot stjälpning.Byggnaden modelleras upp i FEM-Design och analyseras utifrån fyra olika metoder: elasticitetsteori med hänsyn till första ordningens moment, elasticitetsteori med hänsyn till andra ordningens moment, plasticitetsteori och utifrån utredda förenklingar som görs vid en beräkning för hand. För att erhålla ett så realistiskt resultat som möjligt deltog författarna i en två dagars kurs i FEM-Design. Författarna har även spenderat en stor del av tiden i att undersöka hur programmet reagerar på inställningar och laster, för att säkerställa realism och ett korrekt utförande.Resultatet som erhålls är att det förekommer allt från markanta till mindre skillnader mellan metoderna beroende på fall av belastning. Inget generellt ”värsta fall” förekommer utan analyserna innebär att olika kritiska punkter uppstår. Utifrån detta bör samtliga analyser utföras och byggnad ska klara att vara stabil under respektive analys. Del av resultatet är även metoden som tydligt presenteras av hur en stabilitetsanalys i FEM-Design bör utföras på en stomme som består utav prefabricerade element. / Structural engineers nowadays enter projects in the late stages while also receiving fewer hours to do the project planning with. This has led to a shift of focus onto software development and an increase in demand of structural design and calculation software. As this is developing there is still a lack of knowledge regarding how they should be used.The structural division at Strängbetong Örebro are today using a combination of MathCAD, Excel and hand calculation for their precast projects. They have also explored the possibilities of using StruSofts finite element software FEM-Design for their calculations. The structural division remains sceptical due to the complex nature of the program and experiences from previous projects using the software.The purpose of this study is to build an apartment building composed of prefabricated elements and analyse the structural stability of the building using four different methods aided by the software FEM-Design. The program itself relies on the finite element method to solve its calculations. Three of the methods are static ways to view a building while the fourth method is a simplification used for hand calculation the traditional way. The focus of the stability analysis is the overturning of said building. The questions to be answered by this study is how big the difference is between these four methods and why it exists.The building is modelled in FEM-Design and analysed using four different methods: first order elasticity theory, second order elasticity theory, limit load theory and simplifications made using traditional hand calculation. To obtain a reliable result the authors attended a two day course about structural design in FEM-Design. The authors also spent a great amount of time experimenting with the program with a purpose to obtain knowledge of how it works and reacts to a combination of different loads and conditions.The obtained result showcased everything from a minor to a significant difference in results between the methods depending on load case in question. No obvious “worst case scenario” is presented as every analysis results in its own critical scenarios. The conclusion is that each of the methods has its place and should be done to secure the stability of building in question. Additionally, part of the result is the instruction presented of how a stability analysis on a prefabricated framework should be performed with FEM-Design.
|
136 |
Modelo para planejamento e controle logístico de obras de sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo engineer-to-order com o uso de BIM 4DBortolini, Rafaela January 2015 (has links)
O planejamento e controle logístico cumpre um importante papel no processo de montagem de sistemas construtivos pré-fabricados, e pode ter um impacto substancial nas metas do empreendimento em termos de prazo, custo, qualidade e segurança. A falta de planejamento logístico na construção pode causar congestionamento em postos de trabalho e resultar em baixa produtividade. Building Information Modeling (BIM) tem sido apontado como uma grande oportunidade para a melhoria do desempenho da logística de canteiros, principalmente pelo uso de modelos 4D para analisar planos de construção, assim como reduzir conflitos espaciais em canteiros de obras. Entretanto, modelos 4D têm sido frequentemente utilizados simplesmente para representar a sequencia de execução definida em uma rede CPM, sem considerar atividades que não agregam valor, tais como estoques e transporte. Visando a preencher esta lacuna, esta pesquisa propõe um modelo para o planejamento e controle logístico para sistemas construtivos pré-fabricados do tipo engineer-to-order, utilizando BIM 4D. Pesquisa construtiva foi a abordagem metodológica adotada nesta pesquisa. Quatro estudos empíricos foram realizados em diferentes canteiros de obras de uma empresa de estrutura metálica, nos quais processos logísticos foram planejados e controlados. O estudo também propôs diretrizes para integrar o planejamento logístico ao planejamento e controle da produção e para o uso de gestão visual para apoiar o controle logístico. O modelo proposto sugere que o desenvolvimento e uso de modelos 4D para controle e planejamento logístico deve ter uma ampla participação de diferentes intervenientes. / Logistics planning and control plays a key role in the process of assembling prefabricated building systems, and can have a major impact in project goals in terms of schedule, cost, quality and safety. The lack of construction logistics planning may cause congestion in workspaces and result in low productivity. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been pointed out as a major opportunity for the improving the performance of site logistics, especially by using 4D models to analyze construction plans as well as to reduce spatial conflicts in construction sites. However, 4D models have been often used simply for representing the installation sequence defined in a CPM network, without considering non value-adding activities, such as inventories and transportation. In order to fill this gap, this research work proposes a logistics planning and control model for engineer-to-order prefabricated building systems using BIM 4D. Constructive research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation. Four empirical studies were carried in different construction sites of a steel fabricator company, in which logistic processes were planned and controlled. This study also proposes guidelines for integrating logistics planning and control with production planning and control, and for the use of visual management to support logistics control. The proposed model suggests that the development and use of 4D models for logistics planning and control should have a broad participation of different stakeholders.
|
137 |
Diretrizes para a gestão da qualidade do processo de projeto em empresas de pré-fabricados baseado na norma NBR ISO 9001:2000Bergami, Mara Lúcia 19 February 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2773.pdf: 2245845 bytes, checksum: 2fc3e08d73e5f205613b996050003eb8 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-02-19 / The project process is critical so that be achieved the objectives of quality for constructive prefabricated concrete. The correct development of a project process, from the program systematization of quality management, promote to the efficacy of the entire production project. Thus, this dissertation has the objective to propose guidelines for effective implementation of project requirements established by section 7.3 and others sections related to the project process, referenced in standard NBR ISO 9001:2000 to manufacture companies of prefabricated concrete. These guidelines were established from the review of literature and of the explorative case study, accomplished in three manufacture companies of prefabricated concrete, where through a preliminary questionnaire and observation, we can collect data that identify the attention points for quality management of process project. To achieve the objectives above, were investigated aspects such as: the project relevance to the concrete prefabs industry, the method of project coordination in prefab and the impact of non-conformance projects for the production process (production and setting prefabricated project). / O processo de projeto mostra-se crítico para que possam ser atingidos os objetivos da qualidade dos sistemas construtivos em pré-fabricados de concreto. O desenvolvimento adequado de um processo de projetos a partir da sistematização de um programa de gestão da qualidade contribui para a eficácia de todo o processo de produção. Partindo desse contexto, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo propor diretrizes para implementação eficaz dos requisitos de projeto estabelecidos pela seção 7.3 e demais seções relacionadas ao processo de projeto referenciados na norma NBR ISO 9001:2000 em empresas produtoras de pré-fabricados de concreto. Tais diretrizes foram estabelecidas a partir da revisão da literatura e de estudo de caso exploratório realizado junto a três empresas produtoras de pré-fabricados de concreto, onde por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado e de observação de campo foi possível coletar dados que permitiram identificar os pontos de atenção para gestão da qualidade do processo de projeto. Para atingir os objetivos supracitados foram investigados aspectos tais como: a relevância dos projetos para a indústria de pré-fabricados em concreto, a metodologia de coordenação de projeto em empresas de pré-fabricados e o impacto da não-qualidade dos projetos para o processo produtivo (produção e montagem de pré-fabricados).
|
138 |
PLATTA TAK : En utredning om vad som bör beaktas vid projektering och utförande / Flat roofs : An investigation of what should be considered when designing and executingEriksson, Johan, Mehlberg, Axel January 2018 (has links)
Flat roofs have been common for many decades. They were first build in dry and mountainous areas, then they were spread in the entire world. Today flat roofs are present in all type of buildings. In Sweden they are mostly used in larger houses like shopping malls, industrial buildings and apartment blocks. Flat roofs are very exposed for the elements and since the roof is flat water can easily be stationary. The water will then start drain through slots and the construction will be destroyed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate flat roof construction of today in consideration to leakage and moisture problems. Are today's constructions any good? Are today´s building materials the ones that should be used in tomorrow's constructions? Focus has also been made to evaluate new possible solutions for the construction were prefabricated elements is one.The most leaks can be found were bushings has been made that don’t follow the acquis available. The quality of the construction is good, but there are other circumstances that creates the problems. It’s of great importance to keep water away from the construction under the production time. One way to do that is by making a weather protection. Because of the high cost it is not very common.Prefabricated roof elements have a lot of advantages. Since they are built in controlled indoor conditions building moisture is not a problem. When the roof elements come to the construction site they are already finished and the assembling will go fast and the house will be densely directly. There are some aspects that need further investigations such as transportation of the roof elements. / Platta tak är idag en vanlig syn i Sverige. De används på allt från småhus och flerbostadshus till stora lagerlokaler och shoppingcentrum. Det finns flera olika varianter till exempel sedumtak, takterrasser och platta tak med exponerade tätskikt. Platta tak är väldigt utsatta för väder och vind. Då taket är platt kan vatten lätt bli stående på taket och leta sig genom springor in i konstruktionen. Fukt i en konstruktion kan bli förödande vilket kräver att takkonstruktionen måste vara utformad på bästa möjliga sätt. Syftet med studien är att undersöka dagens platta takkonstruktioner med hänsyn till läckage och fuktproblematik. Är dagens konstruktioner bra? Är de material som används idag även de material som bör användas i morgondagens konstruktioner? Fokus har även legat på att undersöka nya möjliga konstruktionslösningar där prefabricerade takelement är en möjlig lösning. Genom en intervjustudie samt en litteraturstudie har framförallt tre viktiga resultat kunnat urskiljas. De beskriv kortfattat i varsitt stycke nedan. Studien landar i att de största läckagen förekommer där genomföringar har utförts på ett sätt som inte följer de regelverk som finns. Dagens konstruktioner är i sig inte dåliga utan det är andra omständigheter som har gjort att dagens tak kan läcka. Det är idag en stor tidspress på arbetsplatserna vilket leder till att arbetet måste ske snabbare och utförandet kan bli lidande. Det är av stor vikt att vatten hålls borta från konstruktionen under produktionen. Det kan till exempel göras med väderskydd. Det används dock sällan eftersom det är relativt dyrt. Om väderskydd inte används är det av yttersta vikt att isolering och tätskikt inte läggs när det regnar. Det är även viktigt att taket täcks in när arbetsdagen är över för att förhindra att regn och snö tar sig in. Prefabricerade takelement är fortfarande ovanliga men har flera fördelar. Eftersom det byggs inomhus i kontrollerade förhållanden är byggfukt inte ett problem. Tidspress och dåliga arbetsförhållanden som kyla och regn finns inte heller vilket talar för att en bättre kvalité kan erhållas. Eftersom elementen redan är färdiga när de kommer till byggarbetsplatsen går det snabbt att installera och få ett tätt hus. Det finns dock moment som behöver vidare undersökningar, ett exempel är transporter. Hur klarar de prefabricerade elementen vibrationer, saltstänk och avgaser?
|
139 |
Análise de sistemas construtivos em madeira implantados na região de Curitiba - ParanáPaese, Michelle Cristine Bonatto 29 November 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma avaliação dos sistemas construtivos de casas de madeira baseadas no sistema Light Wood Frame, aplicados na região de Curitiba, Paraná. Foram realizadas entrevistas com empresas que utilizam o sistema construtivo Light Wood Frame. Foi utilizado um questionário com perguntas diretas e questões abertas relativas à produção, recursos materiais e tempo de produção. A conclusão foi de que o uso de madeira em tecnologia de construção de habitação é uma solução adequada e que o sistema Light Wood Frame é uma alternativa construtiva eco-eficiente, porque otimiza processos construtivos, utiliza-se de materiais recicláveis e/ou renováveis, e diminui desperdícios na obra, fornecendo soluções para problemas relacionados com a eficiência energética, sustentabilidade e habitação limpa no Brasil. Para um bom desempenho na aplicação de madeira para construção de moradias tornar-se uma realidade, a produção brasileira no sistema precisa ser submetida à normalização e regulamentos, para aumentar a produtividade dos sistemas existentes e incentivar a construção em madeira no Brasil. / The present study aims to conduct an assessment of building systems of wooden houses based in Light Wood Frame system, applied in Curitiba, Paraná. Interviews were conducted with companies that use system constructive Light Wood Frame in Brazil, more specifically in the region of Curitiba, Paraná. It was used a questionnaire with direct questions and open questions concerning production, material resources and production time. The conclusion was that the use of wood in housing construction technology is an appropriate solution and the system Light Wood Frame is a constructive alternative eco-efficient, because provides solutions to problems related to energy efficiency, sustainability and clean housing in Brazil. To a good performance in use of wood for houses to become a reality, the Brazilian production system needs to be submitted for standardization and regulations to increase the productivity of existing systems.
|
140 |
Modelo para planejamento e controle logístico de obras de sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo engineer-to-order com o uso de BIM 4DBortolini, Rafaela January 2015 (has links)
O planejamento e controle logístico cumpre um importante papel no processo de montagem de sistemas construtivos pré-fabricados, e pode ter um impacto substancial nas metas do empreendimento em termos de prazo, custo, qualidade e segurança. A falta de planejamento logístico na construção pode causar congestionamento em postos de trabalho e resultar em baixa produtividade. Building Information Modeling (BIM) tem sido apontado como uma grande oportunidade para a melhoria do desempenho da logística de canteiros, principalmente pelo uso de modelos 4D para analisar planos de construção, assim como reduzir conflitos espaciais em canteiros de obras. Entretanto, modelos 4D têm sido frequentemente utilizados simplesmente para representar a sequencia de execução definida em uma rede CPM, sem considerar atividades que não agregam valor, tais como estoques e transporte. Visando a preencher esta lacuna, esta pesquisa propõe um modelo para o planejamento e controle logístico para sistemas construtivos pré-fabricados do tipo engineer-to-order, utilizando BIM 4D. Pesquisa construtiva foi a abordagem metodológica adotada nesta pesquisa. Quatro estudos empíricos foram realizados em diferentes canteiros de obras de uma empresa de estrutura metálica, nos quais processos logísticos foram planejados e controlados. O estudo também propôs diretrizes para integrar o planejamento logístico ao planejamento e controle da produção e para o uso de gestão visual para apoiar o controle logístico. O modelo proposto sugere que o desenvolvimento e uso de modelos 4D para controle e planejamento logístico deve ter uma ampla participação de diferentes intervenientes. / Logistics planning and control plays a key role in the process of assembling prefabricated building systems, and can have a major impact in project goals in terms of schedule, cost, quality and safety. The lack of construction logistics planning may cause congestion in workspaces and result in low productivity. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been pointed out as a major opportunity for the improving the performance of site logistics, especially by using 4D models to analyze construction plans as well as to reduce spatial conflicts in construction sites. However, 4D models have been often used simply for representing the installation sequence defined in a CPM network, without considering non value-adding activities, such as inventories and transportation. In order to fill this gap, this research work proposes a logistics planning and control model for engineer-to-order prefabricated building systems using BIM 4D. Constructive research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation. Four empirical studies were carried in different construction sites of a steel fabricator company, in which logistic processes were planned and controlled. This study also proposes guidelines for integrating logistics planning and control with production planning and control, and for the use of visual management to support logistics control. The proposed model suggests that the development and use of 4D models for logistics planning and control should have a broad participation of different stakeholders.
|
Page generated in 0.0438 seconds