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Die Vision dieses Projektes ist es, einen durchgängigen Prozess zu entwickeln, der es erlaubt, den Entwurf, die Berechnung und die Fugenoptimierung von flächigen Strukturen aus Betonfertigteilen sehr einfach und effizient durchzuführen. Damit soll die Herstellung von freien Formen, wie beispielsweise „Blobs“ und Hängeformen aus Beton, unterstützt und gefördert werden. / The vision of this project is to develop a continuous process that allows very easy and efficient design, calculation and joint optimization of surface-like structures made of precast concrete elements. This should support and encourage the production of free forms, such as “blobs” and hanging forms made of concrete.

With increased demand for housing in Sweden's metropolitan regions, it is of greatimportance to meet the need and build more. The supply of housing is governed byaccess to land and what it costs to build apartment houses. In Sweden, there is ahistory of cartel formation of contractors and at the turn of the millennium, thegovernment invested funds to create increased price transparency in theconstruction sector. Based on this, the purpose of this project is to investigate how itis possible to today produce housing more economically, while maintaining quality.The study is limited to the purchase of prefabricated hollow core and load-bearingwall elements in both concrete and wood. The goal is to be able to compare prices ofthese construction parts between Swedish and foreign suppliers. The foreignsuppliers are limited to the ones operating in the Baltic countries and Poland. Thus, itmust be investigated which of the wooden or concrete frames is most economicallyprofitable, what opportunities there are with international purchases of frameelements and what should be taken into account in international purchases. / I och med ökad efterfrågan på bostäder i Sveriges storstadsregioner är det av vikt atti samma takt öka utbudet. Utbudet styrs av tillgång till mark samt vad det kostar attbygga. I Sverige finns en historia av kartellbildning av byggföretag och regeringensatte vid millennieskiftet in medel för att skapa ökad pristransparens inombyggsektorn. Med bakgrund i detta är syftet med examensarbetet att undersöka hurdet idag går att producera bostäder mer ekonomiskt, med bibehållen kvalitet iåtanke. Studien avgränsas till inköp av prefabricerade håldäck och bärandeväggelement i betong respektive trä. Målet är att kunna jämföra priser av dessakonstruktionsdelar mellan svenska och utländska leverantörer. De utländskaleverantörerna avgränsas till att verka inom baltikum och Polen. Således ska detutredas vad utav trä- eller betongstomme som är mest ekonomiskt lönsamt, vilkamöjligheter som finns med internationella inköp av stomelement samt vad som börtas hänsyn till vid internationella inköp.De risker som finns kopplade till just internationella inköp är bland andra risk attprodukten inte stämmer överens med vad som avtalats och leveransförseningar.Logistikrisker begränsas med hjälp av avtal reglerade utifrån det internationellaregelverket Incoterms. Det finns även politiska och valutarelaterade risker medinternationell handel.ISO 9000 är ett kvalitetsledningssystem som ligger till grund för att företag ochorganisationer ska kunna säkerställa att kvaliteten i deras arbete svarar upp motkundens behov och krav. ISO 14000 samlar standarder inom miljöledningssystem.Intervjuer av sex svenska och fem utländska leverantörer om pris och kvalitetsarbetegav intressanta resultat för studien. Samtliga utländska leverantörer är certifierademed ISO 9001 samt ISO 14001. Två av sex svenska bolag har ISO9001-certifieringen och hälften ISO 14001-certifieringen. Att köpa prefabriceradebetongelement är enligt studien inte ekonomiskt lönsammare i utlandet, det är detdäremot att köpa träelement.

In Sweden, prefabrication in the construction industry is a very common system. In prefabricated structures, there are various kinds of connections and generally many hinged connections. Therefore, it is of high interest to study the behavior of the prefabricated buildings in relation to the connections. Two main theories that can be used to evaluate our structures are the non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA) and the second order effects. These two theories help to study the real behavior of the structures. Software that can apply these two theories is the ATENA-GiD. Therefore, it was very interesting to explore this software and find out how it can be used for prefabricated buildings. For this reason, a simplified ten-storey building was studied which had been also used in Lindwall’s and Wester’s (2016) master thesis. Various cases were chosen for this building. The building was studied either with monolithic walls or with vertical slip connection between the prefabricated walls. Also, the hollow core (HC) slabs were modelled in two ways and the supports of the columns were modelled in three ways. Even when each slab was modelled with two materials (solid concrete for the upper and lower layer with smeared reinforcement for the lower layer and modified concrete in order to compensate for the voids), the increase in the time for analysis was not important. Also, the cracking was not extensive thanks to the relatively low wind load. The slip joint between the walls didn’t lead to the different displacement between the walls. It was found that the hinged support in the columns was modelled by using the upwind line of the base. In non-linear analysis cases, the model of the structure gave 20% larger displacements than in linear analysis cases which means that the cracking had an important influence on the second order effects despite that the cracking was not extensive. The reduction of the stiffness of the walls to 40% accounting for cracked sections in additional linear analyses to according to the Eurocode 2 was a conservative choice for this building. The most remarkable result was that when the supports of the columns were modelled with hinges there was smaller displacement than when the supports were fixed. The reason for this was the negative displacements due to the buckling of the columns of the first storey. Moreover, for the linear cases, there was a much smaller displacement (5mm) than Lindwall and Wester (2016) (17mm) and this was possibly due to the way that the hinges were modelled in my building. It is interesting to investigate other ways to model the hinges in ATENA-GiD as well as other ways to model the connections between the HC slabs and the perimetric beams. Also, the effect of creep through the modulus of elasticity could be analyzed. Finally, it would be interesting to include foundations in the model to study the possible need for anchorages.

Denna rapport utreder användningen av prefabricerade takelement i byggbranschen med fokus på hur prefabricering påverkar produktionstid och kvalitet. Studien genomfördes i samarbete med Arcona AB med syfte att utforska deras projekt “Påsen - 1”, där en jämförelse av prefabricerade takelement mot traditionellt platsbyggda tak utfördes. Syftet är att utvärdera hur prefabricering påverkar effektivitet och kvalitet i byggprojekt. Genom litteraturstudier, projektdata och kvalitativa intervjuer undersöktes de potentiella fördelar och utmaningar. Resultaten visar att användningen av prefabricerade takelement ger en betydande tidsbesparing på nästan 60 % jämfört med platsbyggda tak. Undersökningen visar att snabbare montering, överlappande arbetsmoment, bättre arbetsflöde och även bättre kvalitet. Den kontrollerade fabriksmiljön säkerställer den förbättrade kvalitet genom noggranna tester och kontroller, vilket minskar risken för fel vid monteringen. Trots detta förblir hantverksskicklighet en avgörande faktor för slutkvaliteten i både prefabricerade och platsbyggda konstruktioner. Rapporten lyfter fram svårigheterna med att generalisera resultaten eftersom varje projekt har unika förutsättningar och komplexitet bakom sig. Allt från ekonomiska till logistiska överväganden spelar en avgörande roll vid beslutet om användningen av prefabricerade tak. Slutsatsen som rapporten lyfter fram är att prefabricerade takelement erbjuder omfattande fördelar inom produktionstid och kvalitet i tidigt skede innan montage jämfört med traditionellt byggt tak. Däremot krävs det vidare forskning för att förstå de långsiktiga effekterna och praktiska komplikationerna. / This report investigates the use of prefabricated roof elements in the construction industry with a focus on how prefabrication affects production time and quality. The study was carried out in collaboration with Arcona AB with the aim of exploring their project "Påsen - 1", where a comparison of prefabricated roof elements against traditionally site-built roofs was carried out. The purpose is to evaluate how prefabrication affects efficiency and quality in construction projects. Through literature studies, project data, and qualitative interviews, the potential benefits and challenges were studied. The results showed that the use of prefabricated roof elements provides a significant time saving of almost 60% compared to site-built roofs. The survey shows faster assembly, overlapping work steps, better workflow and also better quality. The controlled factory environment ensures improved quality through careful tests and checks, which reduces the risk of errors during assembly. Despite this, craftsmanship remains a critical factor in the final quality of both prefabricated and site-built structures. The report highlights the difficulties in generalizing the results because each project has unique conditions and complexity behind it. Everything from economic to logistical considerations plays a decisive role in the decision on the use of prefabricated roofs. The conclusion that the report highlights is that prefabricated roof elements offer advantages in production time and quality in the early stages before assembly compared to traditionally built roofs. However, further research is required to understand the long-term effects and practical complications.

Syfte: Att mäta och kartlägga produktionen i en industrialiserad bostadsfabrik samt mäta effektiviteten av dess badrumstillverkning. Den erhållna informationen används vidare som grund för effektiviseringsförslag presenterade för fabriksledningen. Lösningsförslagen är fördefinierade som ”Förbättring av befintlig produktion med hjälp av Lean”, ”Produktion med förtillverkat badrumsgolv” och ”Produktion med förtillverkade badrumsmoduler”. Metod: Mätmetoden som användes vid fabriken är en frekvensstudie (WSM), anpassad efter fallstudiens behov. Mätteknikern går med jämnt tidsintervall till arbetsstationer och antecknar vilken aktivitet som pågår i samma sekund. Efter flera tusen upprepningar skapas en genomsnittlig aktivitetsbild över fabrikens badrumsproduktion. Vidare bearbetas informationen för att erhålla visuella grafer där problem lättare kan identifieras. När problemen fastställts kan lösningsförslagen tas fram och presenteras.  Resultat: Genom att implementera förtillverkade badrumsgolv- eller modul går det att korta badrummens ledtid samt öka hela fabrikens produktionskapacitet. Vidare eliminerar dessa lösningsförslag även kompetenskrävande arbetsmoment, vilket underlättar personalersättning vid exempelvis sjukdom.  Implikationer: De i studien framkomna resultaten antyder att företag lidande av växtvärk har stora möjligheter att omstrukturera och avlasta sin produktion, på så vis att en högre produktionskapacitet erhålls. I detta fall kan produktionskapaciteten utökas på tre olika sätt med olika effektivitetsgrad. Fallstudien kan dock inte svara på exakt i vilken grad effektivitet kan uppnås utan dessa lösningsförslag bör simuleras för att kunna svara på detta. Potential för vidare forskning finns där fallstudien undersöker hur dessa lösningsförslag påverkar fabrikens helhet. Begränsningar: Storleken och komplexiteten i den beaktade fabriksstrukturen begränsade fallstudien från att analysera fabrikens helhet. Avgränsningar behövde göras vid badrumsproduktionen och produktionen av vissa element i badrummen behövde försummas för att författarna rimligen skulle kunna klara av arbetet. / Purpose: To measure and map out the production of an industrialized housing factory, in addition to measure the effectiveness of its bathroom production. The gathered information is then used as foundation for the efficiency improvement proposal presented for the board of directors. The efficiency improvement proposals are predefined as “Improvement of existing production using Lean”, “Production with prefabricated bathroom floors” and “Production with prefabricated bathroom modules”. Method: The measurement method used at the factory was a frequency study called Work Sampling Method (WSM), adjusted after the case study’s needs. The measurement technician goes with regular intervals to workstations and notes the activity happening in that same moment. After several thousand recurrences, an average activity image can be derived from the data depicting the bathroom production. Furthermore, the data is processed to obtain visual graphs where problems become more distinguishable. When the problems are identified, solutions and propositions can be developed and presented. Findings: By implementing prefabricated bathroom floors- or modules the factory can reduce its production time and thereby increase the factories production capacity. Furthermore, the propositions and solutions eliminate competence-required operations within the factory. Thereby facilitates the staff replacement.. Implications: The study shows that companies suffering from growing pain have considerable facilities to restructure and relieve its production, in such a way that a higher production capacity is obtained. The production capacity in this case can be expanded by three different methods with various degrees of efficiency. The case study can however not determine the exact degree of efficiency, to obtain these the propositions should be simulated. Further potential research should be done on how the case studies propositions affect the whole of the factory. Limitations: The size and complexity of the observed factory structure limited the case study from analyzing the whole of the factory. Delimitations had to be done at the bathroom production and the production of certain elements involved in the bathroom production had to be neglected.

The aim of this diploma thesis is the construction and technological solution of the warehouse and administrative building in Černá za Bory. The diploma thesis contains technological procedures for assembly of reinforced concrete skeleton and realization of industrial floor. This work solves problems that could arise during the assembly of the skeleton and realization of industrial floor. The thesis contains a construction technology project, a study of the implementation of the main technological stages, the situation of the construction with broader relations of transport routes, the project of construction site equipment and the main design of machines and mechanisms. Furthermore, I created a variant solution of skeleton assembly including financial and time evaluation. Since the project documentation that was provided to me did not include any details for the skeleton placement, I decided to develop design details for the skeleton placement. Subsequently, I developed a plan for occupational safety and health. As a part of this work I made a comparison of industrial floors, both in terms of performance and economic. In order to find out the time demands, I prepared an exact timetable for the implementation of the main building. In order to ensure high safety and quality, I prepared a control and testing plan for the assembly of the skeleton and for the implementation of industrial flooring.

The diploma thesis deals with the solution of selected parts of the architectural and technological project of the extension of the gym in Krnov, focusing on realization prefabricated reinformed concrete frame and roof deck. For these technological steps the control and test plan and health and safety will be prepared. For complet object SO 03 the schedule, budget, mechanical assambly, principles and organization of construction will be prepared.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to partly elaborate the project documentation of a car repair shop. The building is situated in Hranice (Přerov district) next to the industrial estates near a town part called Nová. It is a three storey building with two aboveground floors and a basement. The building is divided into two parts. The industrial part is designed as prefabricated structure and the non-industrial part is designed to be bricked in Wienerberger Porotherm system. The building is intended for maintenance and repair of racing cars. There are also the office spaces for the company's management and a room for a driving school in the building.

The topic of my master's thesis are selected parts of the construction technology project Production Hall in Černá Hora with administrative part. Thesis contains engineering report, construction budget, time schedule for the whole construction, deployment of mechanisms and staff, project of construction site, study of the implementation of the main technological stages, the most appropriate construction mechanisms, routes of mechanisms, ranges and travels of mechanisms, financial and time schedule of the main building, technological specification for established pilots and montages of prefabricated skeleton, control and test plan, implementation of pilots, proposals of design of movement mechanisms, comparison of cladding of ventilated facades, skeleton assembly procedure diagrams and noise study of the construction site.