Spelling suggestions: "subject:"prelimbic cortex"" "subject:"prelimbic kortex""
11 |
A expressão do medo condicionado em ratos com fenótipos de baixa e alta reatividade emocional: modulação serotoninérgica cortical e subcortical sobre as diferenças de gênero / The conditioned fear expression in rats with low- or high-anxiety phenotype: cortical and subcortical 5-HT influence on gender differencesFerreira, Renata 08 August 2014 (has links)
Extensos dados na literatura têm assinalado a importância da serotonina (5-HT) na modulação de comportamentos de medo e ansiedade em roedores, a grande maioria utilizando ratos machos como sujeitos experimentais. No presente trabalho, foi analisada a influência da neurotransmissão 5-HT periférica e central sobre a expressão da resposta de medo condicionado e incondicionado de ratos machos e fêmeas, previamente selecionados pelo fenótipo como animais de baixa (BA) ou de alta (AA) reatividade emocional. Para este fim foi utilizado o teste do sobressalto potencializado pelo medo (SPM). A influência global e central de 5-HT foi avaliada pela utilização da administração sistêmica ou intraventricular aguda do inibidor irreversível da enzima triptofano hidroxilase PCPA (p-clorofenilalanina) nas doses de 200 mg/mL (i.p.) e 200 µg/5 µL (i.v.), ou através de infusões locais de 5-HT (10 nmol/0.2 µL) ou do agonista seletivo de receptores 5-HT1A 8-hidroxi-2-(di-n-propilamino)-tetralina (8-OH-DPAT) na dose de 0,3 µg/0.2 µL, diretamente em áreas encefálicas conhecidas por sua influência na modulação do medo e ansiedade a saber: o córtex pré-limbico (CPL), o núcleo basolateral da amígdala (BLA), e a substância cinzenta periaqueductal dorsal (SCPd) do mesencéfalo. As variáveis dependentes registradas foram a amplitude e a latência das respostas incondicionadas e condicionadas de sobressalto e a amplitude do SPM. / Extensive data in the literature have signaled the importance of serotonin (5-HT) on the modulation of fear and anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. In the present study, we have analyzed the influence of peripheral and central 5-HT neurotransmission on the expression of the conditioned and unconditioned fear, and on the fear-potentiated startle in male and female rats previously selected as low- (LA) or high-anxiety (HA). For this purpose, we used the fear-potentiated startle (FPS) test. The global and central influence of 5-HT was evaluated by using the acute systemic or intraventricular administration of the irreversible tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor PCPA (p-chlorophenylalanine - 200 mg/mL i.p., or 200 µg/5 µL i.v.). Local effects were evaluated through local infusions of 5-HT itself (10 nmol/0.2 µL) or the selective 5-HT1A receptors agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT 0.3 µg/0.2 µL) in the prelimbic cortex (PrL), basolateral amygdala (BLA) or the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG). These brain regions were chosen for the present study based on their great importance in the modulation and expression of conditioned and unconditioned fear. Dependent variables recorded were the amplitude and latency of unconditioned and conditioned fear, and fear-potentiated startle (FPS).
|
12 |
A expressão do medo condicionado em ratos com fenótipos de baixa e alta reatividade emocional: modulação serotoninérgica cortical e subcortical sobre as diferenças de gênero / The conditioned fear expression in rats with low- or high-anxiety phenotype: cortical and subcortical 5-HT influence on gender differencesRenata Ferreira 08 August 2014 (has links)
Extensos dados na literatura têm assinalado a importância da serotonina (5-HT) na modulação de comportamentos de medo e ansiedade em roedores, a grande maioria utilizando ratos machos como sujeitos experimentais. No presente trabalho, foi analisada a influência da neurotransmissão 5-HT periférica e central sobre a expressão da resposta de medo condicionado e incondicionado de ratos machos e fêmeas, previamente selecionados pelo fenótipo como animais de baixa (BA) ou de alta (AA) reatividade emocional. Para este fim foi utilizado o teste do sobressalto potencializado pelo medo (SPM). A influência global e central de 5-HT foi avaliada pela utilização da administração sistêmica ou intraventricular aguda do inibidor irreversível da enzima triptofano hidroxilase PCPA (p-clorofenilalanina) nas doses de 200 mg/mL (i.p.) e 200 µg/5 µL (i.v.), ou através de infusões locais de 5-HT (10 nmol/0.2 µL) ou do agonista seletivo de receptores 5-HT1A 8-hidroxi-2-(di-n-propilamino)-tetralina (8-OH-DPAT) na dose de 0,3 µg/0.2 µL, diretamente em áreas encefálicas conhecidas por sua influência na modulação do medo e ansiedade a saber: o córtex pré-limbico (CPL), o núcleo basolateral da amígdala (BLA), e a substância cinzenta periaqueductal dorsal (SCPd) do mesencéfalo. As variáveis dependentes registradas foram a amplitude e a latência das respostas incondicionadas e condicionadas de sobressalto e a amplitude do SPM. / Extensive data in the literature have signaled the importance of serotonin (5-HT) on the modulation of fear and anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. In the present study, we have analyzed the influence of peripheral and central 5-HT neurotransmission on the expression of the conditioned and unconditioned fear, and on the fear-potentiated startle in male and female rats previously selected as low- (LA) or high-anxiety (HA). For this purpose, we used the fear-potentiated startle (FPS) test. The global and central influence of 5-HT was evaluated by using the acute systemic or intraventricular administration of the irreversible tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor PCPA (p-chlorophenylalanine - 200 mg/mL i.p., or 200 µg/5 µL i.v.). Local effects were evaluated through local infusions of 5-HT itself (10 nmol/0.2 µL) or the selective 5-HT1A receptors agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT 0.3 µg/0.2 µL) in the prelimbic cortex (PrL), basolateral amygdala (BLA) or the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG). These brain regions were chosen for the present study based on their great importance in the modulation and expression of conditioned and unconditioned fear. Dependent variables recorded were the amplitude and latency of unconditioned and conditioned fear, and fear-potentiated startle (FPS).
|
13 |
Effects of neonatal hypoxia on cortical circuits and cognitive functionsLee, Karen 01 1900 (has links)
Les enfants qui ont subi une asphyxie périnatale modérée (MPA) risquent de développer des déficits cognitifs et comportementaux subtils et durables, notamment des troubles d'apprentissage et des problèmes émotionnels. Comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents est une étape essentielle pour concevoir une thérapie ciblée.
Déterminer comment le développement du cerveau est corrélé entre les humains et les rongeurs n'est pas simple, mais il existe également un alignement inter-espèces considérable en termes d'étapes clés du développement. Sur la base des changements biochimiques et neuroanatomiques au cours du développement précoce, le consensus général est qu'un cerveau de rongeur P8-10 correspond à peu près au cerveau d'un enfant à terme ; par conséquent, nous avons utilisé cette fenêtre temporelle comme référence pour développer un modèle préclinique de MPA chez la souris. Nous avons d'abord établi un protocole qui nous permet d'observer de manière fiable les crises induites par l'hypoxie chez les souris postnatales. Nous avons constaté que l'exposition de chiots P8-9 directement à 4 % d'O2 pendant 8 minutes induit de manière fiable des crises avec une latence d'environ 5 minutes chez 3 souches de souris (FVB, C57Bl/6, 129S6). Cet aspect est cliniquement pertinent car les convulsions sont la caractéristique néonatale la plus importante de l'encéphalopathie de stade 2 (modérée) telle que définie par l'échelle de Sarnat. Les souris MPA adultes présentent des séquelles à long terme sur des performances cognitives spécifiques, notamment des déficits de la mémoire de reconnaissance et de la flexibilité cognitive, mais aucune altération du comportement moteur et émotionnel.
Le cortex préfrontal (PFC) régule la flexibilité cognitive et le comportement émotionnel. Les neurones qui libèrent la sérotonine (5-HT) projettent vers le PFC, et les composés modulant l'activité 5-HT influencent l'émotion et la cognition. On ne sait pas si les dérégulations de la 5-HT contribuent aux problèmes cognitifs induits par le MPA. Dans une première étude, nous avons trouvé que les niveaux d'expression de 5-HT, quantifiés par immunohistochimie, et de libération de 5-HT, quantifiés par microdialyse in vivo chez des souris éveillées, sont réduits dans le PFC de souris MPA adultes. Les souris MPA présentent également une régulation de la température corporelle altérée après l'injection de l'agoniste des récepteurs 5-HT1A, 8-OH-DPAT, suggérant la présence de déficits dans la fonction des auto-récepteurs 5-HT sur les neurones du raphé. Enfin, le traitement chronique de souris MPA adultes avec de la fluoxétine, un inhibiteur du transporteur de recapture de la 5-HT, ou l'agoniste des récepteurs 5-HT1A, la tandospirone, sauve la flexibilité cognitive et les troubles de la mémoire. Ensemble, ces données démontrent que le développement de la fonction du système 5-HT est vulnérable à une asphyxie périnatale modérée. L'hypofonctionnement de la 5-HT pourrait à son tour contribuer à une déficience cognitive à long terme à l'âge adulte, indiquant une cible potentielle pour les thérapies pharmacologiques.
Les circuits GABAergiques comprennent une variété étonnante de différents types de cellules, qui sont probablement recrutées par différents événements comportementaux. Un sous-type important de cellules GABAergiques, les cellules positives à la parvalbumine (PV), génèrent des potentiels d'action à haute fréquence et synchronisent l'activité des neurones pyramidaux excitateurs. Les cellules PV sont particulièrement importantes pour la génération d'oscillations gamma, qui à leur tour régulent de nombreuses fonctions cognitives, notamment le traitement attentionnel axé sur les objectifs et la mémoire de travail. Des découvertes récentes indiquent que les cellules PV utilisent beaucoup plus d'énergie que les autres neurones corticaux, ce qui peut les rendre très vulnérables aux conditions de stress métabolique et oxydatif causées par le MPA. Nos données ont montré que l'expression de PV est altérée chez les souris MPA adultes. Nous avons en outre constaté que le niveau d'expression du récepteur de la neurotrophine p75NTR, qui limite la maturation des cellules PV au cours de la première semaine postnatale, est augmenté chez les souris MPA. La suppression génétique de p75NTR dans les neurones GABAergiques exprimant le facteur de transcription Nkx2.1, qui comprend les cellules PV, protège les souris de la perte de niveaux de PV et des effets cognitifs à long terme du MPA. Enfin, un traitement d'une semaine avec un inhibiteur de p75NTR commençant après le MPA sauve complètement les déficits d'activité cognitive et corticale chez les souris adultes. L'ensemble de ces données révèle une cible moléculaire potentielle pour le traitement des altérations cognitives causées par le MPA. / Children who experienced moderate perinatal asphyxia (MPA) are at risk of developing long lasting subtle cognitive and behavioral deficits, including learning disabilities and emotional problems. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is an essential step for designing targeted therapy.
Determining how brain development correlates between humans and rodents is not straightforward, however there is also considerable cross-species alignment in terms of key developmental milestones. Based on biochemical and neuroanatomical changes during early development, the general consensus is that a P8-10 rodent brain corresponds roughly to the brain of a term infant; therefore, we used this time window as reference to develop a preclinical model of MPA in mouse. We first established a protocol that allows us to reliably observe hypoxia-induced seizures in postnatal mice. We found that exposing P8-9 pups directly to 4% O2 for 8 minutes reliably induces seizures with a latency of about 5’ in 3 mouse strains (FVB, C57Bl/6, 129S6). This aspect is clinically relevant as seizures are the most prominent neonatal hallmark of Stage 2 (Moderate) encephalopathy as defined by the Sarnat Scale. Adult MPA mice show long-term sequelae on specific cognitive performance, including deficits in recognition memory and cognitive flexibility, but no impairment in motor and emotional behavior.
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulates cognitive flexibility and emotional behavior. Neurons that release serotonin (5-HT) project to the PFC, and compounds modulating 5-HT activity influence emotion and cognition. Whether 5-HT dysregulations contribute to MPA-induced cognitive problems is unknown. In a first study, we found that 5-HT expression levels, quantified by immunohistochemistry, and 5-HT release, quantified by in vivo microdialysis in awake mice, are reduced in PFC of adult MPA mice. MPA mice also show impaired body temperature regulation following injection of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, suggesting the presence of deficits in 5-HT auto-receptor function on raphe neurons. Finally, chronic treatment of adult MPA mice with fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake transporter, or the 5-HT1A receptor agonist tandospirone rescues cognitive flexibility and memory impairments. All together, these data demonstrate that the development of 5-HT system function is vulnerable to moderate perinatal asphyxia. 5-HT hypofunction might in turn contribute to long-term cognitive impairment in adulthood, indicating a potential target for pharmacological therapies.
GABAergic circuits comprise an astonishing variety of different cell types, which are likely recruited by different behavioral events. An important subtype of GABAergic cells, the fast-spiking, parvalbumin-positive (PV) cells, generate action potentials at high frequency and synchronize the activity of excitatory pyramidal neurons. PV cells are particularly important for the generation of gamma oscillations, which in turn regulate many cognitive functions including goal-directed attentional processing and working memory. Recent findings indicate that PV cells utilize much more energy than other cortical neurons, which may render them highly vulnerable to conditions of metabolic and oxidative stress caused by MPA. Our data showed that PV expression is impaired in adult MPA mice. We further found that the expression level of the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, which limits PV cell maturation during the first postnatal week, is increased in MPA mice. Genetic deletion of p75NTR in GABAergic neurons expressing the transcription factor Nkx2.1, which include PV cells, protects mice from PV levels loss and the long-term cognitive effects of MPA. Finally, one week treatment with a p75NTR inhibitor starting after MPA completely rescues the cognitive and cortical activity deficits in adult mice. All together this data reveals a potential molecular target for the treatment of the cognitive alterations caused by MPA.
|
14 |
Reelin-immunreaktive Zellen im prälimbischen Kortex männlicher Ratten: Einfluss von Stress / Reelin-immunoreactive cells in the prelimbic cortex of male rats: influence of stressKoldehoff, Andreas Michael 27 March 2012 (has links)
No description available.
|
Page generated in 0.037 seconds