Text in Afrikaans / Die sogenaamde vermoede van onskuld is via die Engelse Reg in ons reg oorgeneem en tot konstitusionele status verhoog met die daarstelling van artikel 25(3)(c) van die Grondwet, No. 200 van 1993. Hierdie reg om onskuldig geag te word en die gepaardgaande swygreg, wat hier kortliks aangeraak word, kan egter aan beperking onderhewig wees soos bepaal deur artikel 33 van die Grondwet. Die beginsels soos ontwikkel in Kanada en Amerika word ondersoek. Die slotsom waartoe geraak word is dat, alhoewel historiese en ander verskille deurgaans voor oe gehou sal moet word, die regspraak in genoemde jurisdiksies, en meer spesifiek Kanada, 'n groat rol sal speel by die inhoud wat die SuidA: frik:aanse howe, in die konteks van statutere vermoedens, aan die konstitusionele reg om onskuldig geag te word, sal gee. / The so-called presumption of innocence has been inherited from the English common law and awarded constitutional status by the introduction of section 25(3)(c) ofthe Constitution, Act 200 ofl993. This right to be presumed innocent and the accompanying right to remain silent, which is briefly touched upon, are however not absolute and can be subject to limitation as provided for by section 33 ofthe Constitution. The principles, as they have been developed in Canada and America, are investigated. The conclusion which is drawn is that, despite historical and other differences, it can be expected that foreign jurisprudence, particularly that of Canada, will play a major role in the content that will be given by the South African courts to the right to be presumed innocent in the context of statutory presumptions. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL. M.

Diploma thesis called The Role of the media in shaping public opinion on the course of criminal proceedings deals with the issue which lies on the border between legal and media science. Its aim is to explain the relationship between these two areas on the basis of criminal proceedings, both in theory and practice using real criminal cases. Diploma thesis primarily deals with the legal base of the media and its relationship to some important principles of criminal law, namely the principle of presumption of innocence and the principle of public prosecutions. The principle of presumption of innocence and its violation affects the personal rights of offended person, so this work is also focused on comments relating to the personality protection against unauthorized interference which may occur in the context of criminal proceedings, both by the authorities involved in criminal proceedings as well as from the media. For the media sector there are some typical legal institutes correcting such interference which are presented in this thesis as well. As already mentioned, the thesis has practical dimension within which there are four essential criminal cases of 2015 examined through different media platforms that informed about these cases. The final section summarizes the findings which were achieved in...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Stucchi Bento.pdf: 275503 bytes, checksum: 0b1d3a4af519439a7b9a648672d74f95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-15 / The Brazilian Constitucion of 1988 established the Democratic State of law, gave priority to the information rules of the Brazilian State, guilding those fundamental principles as a basic guildeline of its constitucional legal system, having as main event the human dignity which assumes the function of integration part to the brazilian legal system. The Human Dignity became one habilitation implement to the brazilian law system, achivieng one punishing combination with the fundamentals rights. The presumption of innocence became a constitution object, acting as accused status, revelling one kind of treatment given, to identify him as the subject of the criminal procedure, rights and garanties owner´s . The principle of in dubio pro reo prevision became understood as obligee application, due its nature of procedure instruments established as inconditional garanty of the presumption of innocence. The Criminal Procedure Law, as the constitucional rights applied, resultanted of those constitucional rights and garanties, have the preservation job of the freedom and public order. The Criminal Procedure harmony is directed to the binomial, social pacification and human freedom, reaching its action limits. The justication of punishing system beyond constitucional rights, finds its reality in the instrumentality and procedural security, that make practical the justice application, in its proportional ways. Due the constitucional prevision of the criminal procedure principles, they achieve its finality serving public order, to reach the social pacifism of the human being. With this appearance, new fundamental justifing of its existence became understood instrumentality and garantees rules to gave viabilits the justice regeneration, penalty application, right garantees and individual freedoms, saving person against state abusive acts when exercising it jus puniendi. In this security model, with a clear observation of the garantees established the in dubio pro reo application as basis for jury indictment (408 Brazilian Criminal Procedure Code) demanding full knowledge of the felony, and not doubt of its occurence and satisfactory demonstration of the felony. The criminal judge observes his atuation as due process of law seeker in jury system, by the non application of the in dubio pro societa, that is a serious violation of the human rights. The achieve the presumption of innoncence and the in dubio pro reo application reaches a constitucional status, becaming applicable rules when the criminal law do not have explicited determination about that issue, by analogy, in case of doubt to disfavour the citizen accused or offender. The reception of the article 408 (Brazilian Criminal Procedure Code) demands a new legal basis which is Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988. A new interpretation of the article 408 (Brazilian Criminal Procedure Code) is necessary, based in the reason of the constitution principles and norms, that can not the same being explained with the same application and the same extension of other times and political system, in spite of the fact old verbal formulation / A Constituição Federal de 1988 ao instituir o Estado Democrático de Direito, realçou a importância das regras informadoras da sua respectiva organização, valorizando os princípios fundamentais como diretrizes básicas do ordenamento constitucional, tendo por núcleo essencial a dignidade da pessoa humana. O fundamento da dignidade da pessoa humana assume a atribuição de elemento de integração do ordenamento jurídico, proporcionando um sistema punitivo pautado nos direitos fundamentais. O princípio da presunção de inocência passa a ser dogma constitucional, preservando o tratamento dispensado ao acusado, identificando-o como sujeito de direitos da relação processual, titular de direitos e garantias. O princípio do in dubio pro reo surge como aplicação obrigatória dos casos de dúvida no processo penal, configurando como um dos instrumentos processuais probatórios eficientes para a preservação do estado de inocência. O Direito Processual Penal, enquanto direito constitucional aplicado, derivado dos direitos e garantias fundamentais, tem por finalidade a preservação da liberdade e da ordem pública. A harmonia do Direito Processual Penal está direcionada no binômio, da pacificação social e liberdade do indivíduo, encontrando assim os limites de sua atuação. A justificação do exercício da pretensão punitiva sob o prisma constitucional, condiciona sua existência na a instrumentalidade e o garantismo processual, que viabilizam a realização da justiça corretiva, a aplicação da pena, na devida proporção da sua necessidade e adequação. Neste modelo garantista é que se consolida a aplicação do in dubio pro reo como fundamento da pronúncia (art. 408, caput, do CPP), exigindo-se o pleno conhecimento do delito e demonstração suficiente da autoria da prática delituosa, condicionando a dúvida que milite a favor do acusado. O juiz togado vincula sua atuação de garantidor do devido processo legal no procedimento do júri, disso decorrendo a inaplicabilidade do in dubio por societate, não se podendo impor um conceito abstrato como instrumento de defesa da sociedade. O in dubio pro societa implica em grave violação direitos e garantias constitucionais possam resultar em prejuízo daquele em benefício do qual foram instituídos. A positivação do princípio da presunção de inocência e a aplicação do in dubio pro reo, que ganharam status constitucional, tornando-se regras aplicáveis na hipótese em que a lei não disponha expressamente de forma diversa, e principalmente, pela analogia, em caso de qualquer dúvida em desfavor do investigado ou acusado. A recepção do art. 408, caput, do CPP, impõe sua submissão a um fundamento de validade, sucedâneo de todas as normas infra-constitucionais: a Constituição Federal de 1988. A interpretação adequada do artigo 408, caput, do Código de Processo Penal é uma decorrência lógica, vez que necessita serem observados as normas e princípios constitucionais, para que estes possam coexistir de forma harmônica no nosso ordenamento jurídico

O direito à razoável duração do processo, inserido expressamente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro a partir do advento da Emenda Constitucional 45/2004, já poderia ser inferido desde a incorporação da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, bem como ser considerado um corolário da garantia do devido processo legal. Todo indivíduo tem o direito a um processo sem dilações indevidas, em especial aquele que se encontre submetido a uma prisão preventiva, medida cautelar pessoal de extrema gravosidade. Nesse contexto, exsurge o direito que o indivíduo preso preventivamente tem de que o seu processo seja julgado em um prazo razoável ou de que ele seja desencarcerado, caso preso além da necessidade fática contida no caso concreto. Entretanto, a interpretação da garantia não pode restar somente à livre vontade dos aplicadores do direito, sendo necessária uma regulamentação legal efetiva da duração da prisão preventiva, por meio de prazos concretos nos quais o sujeito deverá ser posto em liberdade, ante a desídia estatal. Incorporando experiências estrangeiras, deve o legislador pátrio adotar marcos temporais legais, em que a prisão preventiva deverá cessar, caso excessivamente prolongada. Muito embora no ano de 2011 tenha sido reformada a tutela das medidas cautelares pessoais no Código de Processo Penal, o legislador ordinário não aprovou a imposição de limites de duração da prisão preventiva, permanecendo ao livre arbítrio das autoridades judiciárias a interpretação da garantia em referência. Assim, o Projeto de Lei do Novo Código de Processo Penal, atualmente em trâmite no Congresso Nacional, ao prever limites máximos de duração da prisão preventiva, dá uma efetiva regulamentação à garantia da duração razoável do imputado preso, devendo ser, espera-se, mantido no eventual texto final aprovado. / The right to reasonable duration of process, inserted expressly into Brazilian law from the advent of the 45th Constitutional Amendment, of 2004, could already be inferred since the incorporation of the American Convention on Human Rights, as well as be considered a corollary of the due process of law clause. Each individual has the right to a process without undue delay, specially those submitted to preventive detention, personal precautionary measure of extreme severity. In this context, arises the right of the individual who is preventively arrested that his case is ruled within a reasonable time, or that he is set free, when remanded beyond factual necessity. However, the interpretation of such right cannot be left only to the free will of law enforcers, needing an effective legal regulation regarding the duration of preventive detentions, through concrete marks in which the individual must be set free, before the state negligence. Incorporating foreign experiences, Brazilian legislator must adopt temporal legal marks, in which preventive detention must cease, in case it is excessively delayed. Despite modification in 2011 of the legal regulation of personal precautionary measures contained in the Criminal Procedure Code, the ordinary legislator did not approve the imposition of limits of duration regarding preventive detention, remaining to the free will of judicial authorities the interpretation of the referred right. Thus, the Project of the New Criminal Procedure Code, currently in progress through the National Parliament, containing maximum limits of duration regarding preventive detention effectively regulates such guarantee thus must be, as expected, held in the final approved legal text.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2019-03-19T12:31:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago de Oliveira Demiciano.pdf: 969392 bytes, checksum: d2b59bb35a2e0ec0a355603b3869d1d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-19T12:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago de Oliveira Demiciano.pdf: 969392 bytes, checksum: d2b59bb35a2e0ec0a355603b3869d1d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The evidence is an important element inside the legal process, but it needs to be studied under the due Law Process to avoid convictions that are uttered without enough elements to diverge the presumption of innocence from the defendant. Before this affirmative, the historical shaping study of the rule of law and its influence on the practical appliance of the dignity principle of the human person. Therefore, the prosecution system was adopted as the criminal justice system, that has principles in accordance with the Federal Constitution as its basis, since there is an independent institution prosecuting and impartial judge of law, enabling, in a broad and contradictory way, so the defendant may file its own version of the facts and, eventually, adduce evidence. However, we must stress that there are constitutional principles that aim to protect the human dignity of all citizens under the criminal jurisdiction of the rule of law, imposing warranties and limiting the State punitive power. It is necessary to have evidence obtained in agreement with all the systematic of Due Law Process, and the consequence is being withdraw from the process and being disabled by the judges. To utter a condemnatory resolution, the evidences need to convince the court of its concreteness and authorship. For that matter, the signs must be seen as a diverse form of the direct evidences, because they don’t have the certainty and an effort is necessary by the interpreter to be able to extract plausible elements leading to the criminal conviction. / Os indícios são elementos importantes na disciplina do processo penal, mas precisam ser estudados sob a ótica do devido processo legal para evitar que condenações sejam proferidas sem elementos suficientes para afastar a presunção de inocência do acusado. Diante desta afirmativa, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo histórico da formação do Estado Democrático de Direito e sua influência para aplicação prática do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. O estudo aborda o fato de o país ter adotado como sistema processual o acusatório, que tem por bases princípios em consonância com a Constituição Federal. Há um órgão independente acusando e um juiz imparcial, possibilitando, de forma ampla o contraditório, ou seja, a defesa pode apresentar sua versão dos fatos e, eventualmente, produzir provas. A pesquisa ressalta ainda a existência de princípios constitucionais que visam proteger a dignidade humana de todos os cidadãos que estiverem sob jurisdição penal de um Estado Democrático de Direito, impondo garantias e limitando o poder punitivo do Estado. Durante o presente estudo, observa-se a necessidade da existência de provas obtidas de acordo com a sistemática do devido processo legal, sob pena do seu desentranhamento e inutilização pelo julgador. Para proferir um decreto condenatório, as provas precisam convencer o magistrado da autoria e materialidade. Neste sentindo, os indícios devem ser observados de forma diversa das provas diretas porque não possuem a certeza; daí a necessidade do esforço do intérprete para extrair elementos convincentes visando impor uma condenação penal. Assim, os elementos que compõem a prova indiciária são objeto principal de investigação desta dissertação

O direito à razoável duração do processo, inserido expressamente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro a partir do advento da Emenda Constitucional 45/2004, já poderia ser inferido desde a incorporação da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, bem como ser considerado um corolário da garantia do devido processo legal. Todo indivíduo tem o direito a um processo sem dilações indevidas, em especial aquele que se encontre submetido a uma prisão preventiva, medida cautelar pessoal de extrema gravosidade. Nesse contexto, exsurge o direito que o indivíduo preso preventivamente tem de que o seu processo seja julgado em um prazo razoável ou de que ele seja desencarcerado, caso preso além da necessidade fática contida no caso concreto. Entretanto, a interpretação da garantia não pode restar somente à livre vontade dos aplicadores do direito, sendo necessária uma regulamentação legal efetiva da duração da prisão preventiva, por meio de prazos concretos nos quais o sujeito deverá ser posto em liberdade, ante a desídia estatal. Incorporando experiências estrangeiras, deve o legislador pátrio adotar marcos temporais legais, em que a prisão preventiva deverá cessar, caso excessivamente prolongada. Muito embora no ano de 2011 tenha sido reformada a tutela das medidas cautelares pessoais no Código de Processo Penal, o legislador ordinário não aprovou a imposição de limites de duração da prisão preventiva, permanecendo ao livre arbítrio das autoridades judiciárias a interpretação da garantia em referência. Assim, o Projeto de Lei do Novo Código de Processo Penal, atualmente em trâmite no Congresso Nacional, ao prever limites máximos de duração da prisão preventiva, dá uma efetiva regulamentação à garantia da duração razoável do imputado preso, devendo ser, espera-se, mantido no eventual texto final aprovado. / The right to reasonable duration of process, inserted expressly into Brazilian law from the advent of the 45th Constitutional Amendment, of 2004, could already be inferred since the incorporation of the American Convention on Human Rights, as well as be considered a corollary of the due process of law clause. Each individual has the right to a process without undue delay, specially those submitted to preventive detention, personal precautionary measure of extreme severity. In this context, arises the right of the individual who is preventively arrested that his case is ruled within a reasonable time, or that he is set free, when remanded beyond factual necessity. However, the interpretation of such right cannot be left only to the free will of law enforcers, needing an effective legal regulation regarding the duration of preventive detentions, through concrete marks in which the individual must be set free, before the state negligence. Incorporating foreign experiences, Brazilian legislator must adopt temporal legal marks, in which preventive detention must cease, in case it is excessively delayed. Despite modification in 2011 of the legal regulation of personal precautionary measures contained in the Criminal Procedure Code, the ordinary legislator did not approve the imposition of limits of duration regarding preventive detention, remaining to the free will of judicial authorities the interpretation of the referred right. Thus, the Project of the New Criminal Procedure Code, currently in progress through the National Parliament, containing maximum limits of duration regarding preventive detention effectively regulates such guarantee thus must be, as expected, held in the final approved legal text.

Criminal procedure, the public and media - abstract The public principle is a fundamental element of the right to a fair trial. This public character protects litigants against the secret administration of justice with no public scrutiny. Public hearing also fulfils the educational and preventive function. Therefore there must be sufficient legal reasons to justify an exclusion of the public. The right of the public to receive information and the media's right to disseminate information are tied with the public control of the judiciary. Courts do not operate in a vacuum and criminal cases may be a subject to public debates. However, none of this is happening without any regulation. The freedom of expression has also its limits. As the personality rights and the presumption of innocence stand at the same level as this freedom. Media play two important roles in criminal proceedings. First role consists of dissemination of information (within the public interest) about ongoing criminal proceedings. This important task has several results. One is development of general prevention, when state tries to influence the society as whole, another is assistance with finding a missing person. Second role of media is interfaced with supervision. Information provided by media facilitate to control criminal proceedings....

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-04-05T18:54:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Lascane Neto.pdf: 1163728 bytes, checksum: a278d7e1606bb03ec2721ecc0e66e730 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T18:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Lascane Neto.pdf: 1163728 bytes, checksum: a278d7e1606bb03ec2721ecc0e66e730 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / The dissertation aims at the examination of the decisions given by the Supremo Tribunal Federal that allowed the beginning of the prison penalty involving deprivation of liberty just after the decision of second instance instead of after the final judgment of the criminal case, according to the fifth article, item LVII, of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 -, moderating, in this form, the extension of the constitutional presumption of innocence, to the extent that as the provision textually in the norm consecrating the presumption of innocence doesn’t admit this abbreviation of the cessation of the state of innocent and consequently the arrest of person who does not have against him a finally decision. / A dissertação visa ao exame das decisões prolatadas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal que permitiram o cumprimento da pena segregativa da liberdade a partir da decisão de 2ª instância, e não mais a partir da sentença penal transitada em julgado, conforme dispõe o artigo 5º, inciso LVII, da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 - CR/88 -, mitigando, dessa forma, a extensão do princípio constitucional da presunção de inocência e promovendo uma mutação inconstitucional na medida em que o disposto textualmente na norma consagradora da presunção de inocência não admite esse abreviamento da cessação do estado de inocente e, consequentemente, o encarceramento de pessoa que não tem contra si uma decisão condenatória transitada em julgado.

L’article 6§2 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme affirme que « toute personne est présumée innocente des faits qui lui sont reprochés jusqu’à ce que sa culpabilité ait été légalement établie ». Consacré sur le plan international et sur le plan national, le principe de présomption d’innocence est une constante dans les droits des pays du Conseil de l’Europe et il est le principe directeur de la procédure pénale. Néanmoins l’enjeu du procès pénal repose sur la recherche d'un équilibre entre les intérêts de la société et le primat de l'individu. À ce titre, l’opposition éternelle entre les intérêts de la société et celle du citoyen ainsi que la confrontation du principe avec d’autres principes fondamentaux (droit à l’information pour les journalistes) tendent à amoindrir la valeur de la présomption d’innocence. Malheureusement, l’affaiblissement de l’effectivité du principe s’observe sur l’ensemble des États membres, ce qui est d’autant plus inquiétant. C’est pourquoi, à travers cette thèse, j’ai voulu démontrer que le rôle du Conseil de l’Europe va au-delà de la simple exigence du respect des minimas imposés, il a un impact réel sur le droit positif de chaque État membre et il doit jouer un rôle plus affirmé pour renforcer les principes fondamentaux qu’il proclame. L’harmonisation des droits internes par le Conseil de l’Europe est une solution à envisager afin de renforcer l’effectivité du principe de présomption d’innocence. Bien que les prérogatives du Conseil de l’Europe soient limitées et que la rivalité avec l’Union européenne ne facilite pas l’objectif, il demeure le moteur principal en matière de promotion des droits de l’homme et l’impact de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne en est une illustration. / Article 6§2 of the European Convention on Human Rights states that "everyone is presumed innocent of the facts alleged against him until his guilt has been legally established". Dedicated internationally and nationally, the principle of the presumption of innocence is a constant in the countries rights of Council of Europe and is the guiding principle of criminal procedure. Nevertheless, the issue of the criminal trial lies in the search for a balance between the interests of society and the primacy of the individual. As such, the eternal opposition between the interests of the society and the citizen as well as the confrontation of the principle with other fundamental principles (right to information for journalists) tend to undermine the value of the presumption of innocence. Unfortunately, the weakening affecting the effectiveness of the principle is observed in all Member States, which is all the more worrying. That is why, through this thesis, I wanted to show that the role of the Council of Europe goes beyond the simple requirement of respecting minimum imposed standards, it has a real impact on the positive law of each state member and he must play a more assertive role to reinforce the fundamental principles it proclaims. The harmonization of internal laws by the Council of Europe is a solution to be considered in order to reinforce the effectiveness of the principle of the presumption of innocence. Although the prerogatives of the Council of Europe are limited and the rivalry with the European Union does not facilitate the objective, it remains the main engine for the promotion of human rights and the impact of the European Court case-law is an illustration of this.

The legal concept of formal burden of proof of public prosecutor has been discussed for more than 17 years of legislative work on the new Criminal Procedure Code and an increased attention was also paid to it before by the legal science, at the same time with the enforcement of adversary elements of court proceedings. The legal concept in question was established and developed as part of the Anglo-Saxon type of criminal proceedings where trial is based on a dispute between the parties. This involves the exclusive procedural responsibility of public prosecutor to clarify the facts relevant to the indictment filed. Although it is possible to give a brief description of the legal concept in question in a single sentence, its enactment would affect the overall nature of the proceedings before the court and would also be reflected in other stages of the criminal proceedings. The aim of the dissertation was to analyse the prerequisites and consequences of the enactment of the formal burden of proof of public prosecutor in the Czech criminal proceedings. Given the origin of the legal concept, the crucial question was whether its adoption would necessarily constitute a total departure from the legal principles which the existing Criminal Procedure Code is based on or whether it is possible and appropriate...