This study aimed to examine whether there are differences in the transmission of exchange rate changes on export prices (coefficient of pass-through) the soy complex (beans, meal and oil) between the United States, Brazil and Argentina. Moreover, the specific objectives were to a) describe the characteristics of American markets, Brazil and Argentina in terms of the exports of soybean complex, b) estimate the degree of pass-through of American markets, Brazil and Argentina, and c) review differences in the degree of pass-through between the three countries. The analysis period was from January 2003 to January 2012. As a method, we used time series econometrics to estimate the proposed model, the following procedures: checking the stationarity of the series; selection of lag for the VAR auxiliary; Johansen cointegration test, estimating the cointegration vector, and diagnostic tests for model. The results showed that the United States is the most competitive in the passthrough to the export price of grain and soybean meal. As for soybean oil, the most competitive country in the passthrough is Argentina. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar se há diferença na transmissão da variação cambial nos preços de exportação (coeficiente de pass-through) do complexo da soja (grão, farelo e óleo) entre Estados Unidos, Brasil e Argentina. Além disso, os objetivos específicos foram de a) Descrever as características dos mercados americano, brasileiro e argentino no que tange as exportações do complexo da soja; b) Estimar o grau de pass-through dos mercados americano, brasileiro e argentino; e c) Analisar as diferenças entre o grau de passthrough entre os três países. O período de análise foi de janeiro de 2003 a janeiro de 2012. Como método, utilizou-se econometria de séries temporais para estimação do modelo proposto, seguindo os procedimentos: verificação da estacionariedade das séries; seleção de defasagem para o VAR auxiliar; teste de cointegração de Johansen; estimação do vetor de cointegração; e testes diagnósticos para o modelo. Como resultados, observou-se que Estados Unidos é o mais competitivo no repasse cambial para o preço de exportação do grão e do farelo de soja. Já para o óleo de soja, o país mais competitivo no repasse cambial é a Argentina.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariza Zeni de C Tomasetto.pdf: 302316 bytes, checksum: 302bec452cda6f5bdbe9370321ba8e74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial price transmission between the sugarcane markets of Sao Paulo and Paraná, from January 1995 to February 2009. The study adopted the Box-Jenkins method for models of Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARIMA) applied to time series, the unit root Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF), an Engle-Granger cointegration test, a transfer function model and the Error Correction Model (MCE). The results indicated that the series are co-integrated, that is, there is long-term relationship. The elasticity of price transmission, both the long-term and the short-term, presented itself inelastic. Furthermore, it is observed, in the short-term, an unanticipated shock in the price of the sugarcane in Sao Paulo in the magnitude of 41.19% to the price of the sugarcane in Paraná. In the long term, unanticipated shocks in the price of sugarcane in São Paulo are transmitted with a magnitude equal to 99.84%. This relationship is inelastic, though very close to a unitary elasticity. Therefore, it can be concluded that even though the Law of One Price is not validated, this result shows a high degree of spatial integration of prices between the two markets, as expected. / Neste trabalho, analisou-se a transmissão espacial de preços entre os mercados de cana-de-açúcar de São Paulo e Paraná, no período de janeiro de 1995 a fevereiro de 2009. A metodologia de análise foi por meio do método Box-Jenkins para modelos Auto Regressivos de Médias Móveis (ARIMA) aplicados a séries temporais, teste de raiz unitária Dickey-Fuller Aumentado (ADF), teste de co-integração de Engle-Granger, modelo de função de transferência e Modelo de Correção de Erro (MCE). Os resultados indicaram que as séries são co-integradas, ou seja, há relação de longo prazo. As elasticidades de transmissão de preços tanto de curto quanto de longo prazo apresentaram-se inelásticas. Constatou-se também que um choque não antecipado no preço da cana-de-açúcar em São Paulo é transmitido na magnitude de 41,19% para os preços da cana-de-açúcar no Paraná no curto prazo. No longo prazo, choques não antecipados no preço da cana em São Paulo são transmitidos com magnitude igual a 99,84%. Essa relação é inelástica, mas muito próxima de uma relação com elasticidade unitária. Por conseguinte, pode-se concluir que, apesar de não validar a Lei do Preço Único, esse resultado mostra o elevado grau de integração espacial de preços entre os dois mercados, como era esperado.

La crise alimentaire de 2008 a suscité un regain d’intérêt pour les questions agricoles et de sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement. Partant du constat que près de 27% de la population d’Afrique Sub-saharienne souffre de malnutrition, cette thèse a pour objectif de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des causes complexes de l’insécurité alimentaire. Le premier chapitre étudie les mécanismes de transmission des variations du prix mondial du riz aux prix domestiques dans trois pays ouest-africain: le Sénégal, le Tchad et le Mali. Les résultats indiquent que le prix du riz importé à Dakar et le prix du riz local à Bamakorépondent de façon asymétrique aux variations du prix mondial. Le chapitre 2 teste la présence d’obstacles aux échanges agricoles entre pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre. Il ressort de l’analyse que le passage des frontières est coûteux. Toutefois, le coût associé au passage de la frontière est plus faible entre pays membre d’une même union économique et monétaire. Le chapitre 3 a pour objectif le renforcement des systèmes d’alertes précoces des crises alimentaires existants au Sahel. Il montre qu’il est possible d’anticiper les crises de prix avec six mois d’avance en analysant les mouvements passés des prix des céréales. Enfin, le chapitre 4 s’intéresse à la vulnérabilité des ménages face aux chocs pluviométriques. Il révèle que les ménages ruraux au Burkina Faso n’ont pas la capacité d’assurer ou d’absorber ces chocs climatiques. / This doctoral thesis is in line with the renewed interest in research on agriculture and food security, following the 2008 global food crisis. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the complex issues surrounding food security. The first chapter investigates whether the changes in the international price of rice are transmitted to the domestic prices of rice in Senegal, Mali and Chad. Results indicate that the domestic prices of imported rice in Dakar and of local rice in Bamako react differently to changes in the world price depending on whether the world price is rising or falling. Chapter 2 analyses by how much trade barriers at the border and transport costs impede the integration of agricultural markets in West and Central Africa. Results highlight the role played by borders in explaining price deviations between markets. Additionally, belonging to an economic union and sharingthe same currency appear as major determinants of market integration. The third chapter aims at providing new early warning indicators based on food prices in Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso. Our analysis reveals that price crisis can be predicted about 6 months in advance through the observation of past price movements. Chapter 4 focuses on the analysis of children’s vulnerability to climate shocks in Burkina Faso. By combining health data originating from a 2008 household survey with meteorological data, we show the importance of weather conditions in prenatal period and in the first year of life on the future nutritional status of the children.

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