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À la cour anglaise de la reine consort Henriette Marie (1625-1642), la traduction est utilisée comme outil politique, dont l’un des rôles est d’imposer l’héritage linguistique, culturel et catholique de la reine à l’Angleterre calviniste. La cour d’Henriette Marie devient un véritable pôle d’importation de la littérature et de la culture française et catholique en Angleterre. Pendant le règne de Charles Ier, le mécénat de la reine attire de nombreux traducteurs et traductrices en quête de faveurs royales; pour les obtenir, ces derniers produisent des versions anglaises des genres littéraires en vogue en France (comme les romans pastoraux, la littérature dévote, ou encore les pièces de théâtre). Les activités de ces traducteurs et traductrices n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’études systématiques, ce qui en fait un projet intéressant du point de vue de l’histoire de la traduction et de l’histoire littéraire. La présente étude porte sur les rôles de la traduction et des traducteurs à la cour anglaise de la reine Henriette Marie entre 1625 et 1642. La traduction y est définie comme une pratique instigatrice de liens culturels, politiques et sociaux dans le contexte de l’histoire transnationale entre l’Angleterre et la France. Pour mener à bien mon projet, je m’appuie sur des travaux se rapportant aux aspects culturels et idéologiques de la traduction dans la culture de cour des Stuart et des études récentes sur les traductions imprimées en Angleterre prémoderne. J’étudie le mécénat, la production littéraire et la circulation des textes; puis les réseaux politiques, sociaux, idéologiques et enfin les réseaux de l’imprimé liés à la production de traductions à la cour de la reine pendant le règne de son mari, Charles Ier. Pour ce faire, j’étudie la culture de cour en Angleterre et en France au début du XVIIe siècle, le rôle de la traduction dans cette culture, l’impact de la culture de l’imprimé et de l’histoire matérielle sur le choix des textes à traduire, puis la manière dont ils circulent. En explorant l’histoire culturelle et littéraire du point de vue de la matérialité et de l’agentivité, je reconstitue des réseaux politiques, culturels et idéologiques entre l’Angleterre et le continent européen. Cette thèse par articles réunit deux chapitres rédigés en français dans lesquels je précise le contexte et la démarche de la recherche, ainsi que quatre études de cas rédigées en anglais. Par l’analyse d’un corpus de traductions imprimées à l’extérieur de la Grande-Bretagne, le chapitre 3 souligne l’importance des réseaux culturels transnationaux en Angleterre prémoderne et nous aide à comprendre la production et la circulation des traductions imprimées en Europe au XVIIe siècle. Le chapitre 4 fait état des concepts de l’agentivité et du mécénat en histoire de la traduction et culmine par l’analyse du cas de Thomas Hawkins, agent traduisant, lié à la cour d’Henriette Marie notamment par les traductions qu’il dédicace à la reine. Le chapitre 5 porte sur le rôle des femmes et de la littérature catholique à la cour de la reine Henriette Marie. J’y explore la participation des femmes à la création et à la diffusion de traductions, notamment celle des femmes mécènes, ou encore celles des femmes qui dédicacent des œuvres à des personnalités connues de l’entourage de la reine. Enfin, le chapitre 6 explore les réseaux transnationaux d’échanges culturels entre l’Angleterre et le continent européen à partir d’un traité catholique rédigé par l’auteur français Jean Puget de la Serre, imprimé à Bruxelles, puis dédicacé à Henriette Marie et Charles Ier. Ensemble, ces chapitres visent à dresser un portrait représentatif du contexte culturel, politique et idéologique complexe dans lequel circulaient les traductions imprimées. En annexe, je recense le corpus inédit de traductions imprimées entre 1625 et 1642 et lié à la cour anglaise d’Henriette Marie. Le corpus est en évolution constante; il compte actuellement 78 entrées. L’approche retenue pour le projet est à la fois ascendante et descendante : j’emploie les méthodes d’analyse macro-historiques sous la forme de l’analyse des structures de pouvoir, des institutions et des mécènes, puis, afin de dresser un portrait complet du rôle des traducteurs à la cour de la reine, j’analyse les paratextes, les textes, et les correspondances des traducteurs dans les livres imprimés. La complémentarité de ces approches fait l’originalité de mon projet de recherche et vise à assurer une représentation fidèle des actions entreprises par les agents traduisants à la cour anglaise d’Henriette Marie. De plus, je contribue à la recherche en histoire de la traduction en offrant des données indispensables sur les traducteurs de la première modernité anglaise, leurs pratiques et les réseaux dans lesquels ils opéraient. / At the English Court of Queen consort Henrietta Maria (1625–1642), translation was used as a political tool, partly to impose the queen’s linguistic, cultural and Catholic heritage on Calvinist England. Her court was a veritable hub of imported literature, as well as French and Catholic culture. During the reign of her husband, Charles I, the queen’s patronage attracted male and female translators who sought her protection by publishing English versions of literary genres that were trending in France at the time (such as pastorals, dévot literature, or plays). However, the place of translation in the literary activity that made her court so remarkable has never been systematically studied. The purpose of this project is therefore to offer a comprehensive analysis of the role played by translators and translation in the literary culture of Henrietta Maria’s English Court. In this thesis, translation is defined as a practice instigating cultural, political and social ties in the transnational history linking England and France. My research draws on scholarship pertaining to the cultural and ideological aspects of translation in Stuart Court culture and builds on recent studies on the intersection between translation and print in early modern Europe. I study patterns of patronage, literary production, and text circulation; then I probe the political, social, religious, and print networks involved in the production of translations associated with the Queen’s court and extending well beyond its social or geographical boundaries. Specifically, I examine early 17th-century English and French court culture, the place of translation within this culture, and the impact of print culture and material history on the selection and circulation of translated texts. By studying the cultural and literary history from the perspective of materiality and agency, I recreate the political, cultural and ideological networks that operated between Great Britain and continental Europe. This article thesis begins with two chapters written in French in which I specify the context and chosen approach, and which are followed by four case studies written in English. Through an analysis of translations that are printed outside of Great Britain, the case study in chapter 3 highlights the significance of transnational cultural networks in early modern England and helps us understand the production and circulation of printed translations in 17th-century Europe. Chapter 4 consists of an exploration of the concepts of agency and patronage in translation history and culminates with the case of Thomas Hawkins, a translating agent with ties to the queen’s court and continental Jesuit Colleges. The fifth chapter addresses the role of women and Catholic recusant literature at the court of Henrietta Maria. In it, I investigate the participation of women in the creation and distribution of translations, notably as patrons, translators, and printers. In the final chapter, I explore transnational networks of cultural exchange between England and Europe with, as a starting point, a Catholic treatise written by French author Jean Puget de la Serre, which was printed in Brussels though dedicated to Henrietta Maria and Charles I. Together, these chapters offer a comprehensive analysis of the role played by translators and translation in the literary culture of Henrietta Maria’s English Court. The thesis is followed by the corpus of translations linked to the English Court of Queen Henrietta Maria and printed between 1625 and 1642 that I have established. The corpus continues to expand as I pursue this research, and currently comprises 78 titles. The approach I have selected for this project is both top-down and bottom-up: I use macrohistoric analysis methods to investigate power structures, institutions, and patronage; then, to establish a comprehensive overview of the roles of translators at the queen’s Court, I analyze paratexts, texts, and the correspondence of translators in printed books. The synergy between these approaches lends originality to the project and ensures an accurate representation of the actions of translating agents at the English Court of Henrietta Maria. My work contributes to research in translation history by providing some much needed insight into early modern translators, their practices, and the networks in which they were involved.

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Ce mémoire explore les modalités culturelles de la participation politique de la salonnière parisienne et célèbre écrivaine Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, baronne de Staël-Holstein (1766-1817), au cours de la Révolution française (1789-1799). Sur le plan des représentations, il souligne chez Germaine de Staël l’appropriation et la reformulation des normes de genre pour élaborer un rôle politique convenable à une femme d’esprit dans le contexte révolutionnaire. Ce rôle se fondait notamment sur une éthique de l’amitié et un idéal de vertu acquise par la sensibilité et la raison. Son projet constitutionnel, à la fois libéral et élitiste, cherchait à intégrer la contribution des femmes au processus politique à travers la sociabilité polie et la production littéraire. Sur le plan des pratiques, ce mémoire montre comment les outils de réseautage et de communication qu’étaient le salon, la correspondance et la publication fonctionnaient ensemble pour permettre à Staël de se positionner dans un espace sociopolitique et d’y déployer une action. Il considère ces forums comme des éléments constitutifs d’une culture politique révolutionnaire dont Staël sut faire un usage créatif et constructif pour promouvoir ses idées et son parti. / This essay explores the cultural conditions shaping the political participation of the Parisian salon woman and famous author Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, baroness of Staël-Holstein (1766-1817), during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Looking at representations, it underlines Germaine de Staël’s appropriation and recasting of gender norms to work out a suitable political role for elite women in the revolutionary context. This role was notably based on an ethic of friendship, and an ideal of virtue acquired by combining sensibility and reason. Her constitutional project, both liberal and elitist, sought to integrate female contribution to the political process through polite sociability and literary production. In regard to practices, this essay shows how networking tools and forums of discussion such as salons, correspondence and publication functioned together to position Staël within a socio-political space where she could act. It considers these forums as constitutive elements of a revolutionary political culture that Staël used creatively and constructively to promote her ideas and party.

This thesis is an examination of the circulation networks and the patterns of collection of Italian printed books in France in the sixteenth century. Although the cultural relations between the Italian and French territory have been studied, a systematic survey to assess the impact of books on the shaping of the French Renaissance has never been attempted. The first section of this study examines the trade routes and networks which facilitated the circulation of Italian printed books across the French territory. Because of the nature of the French early modern book trade, focused primarily on two major centres (Paris and Lyon), a geographical division has been adopted in investigating this phenomenon. Chapter one explores the trade networks existing in sixteenth-century Lyon, from the powerful Compagnie des Libraires to the activity of the libraires italianisants in the second half of the century. Chapter two examines the importance of Italian editions in Paris. Chapter three is devoted to the circulation of Italian books in the provinces and the impact of large regional centres and trade routes on the availability of books locally. Chapter four investigates private networks and their importance in making specific texts available to French readers. The second section of this study investigates the status and importance of Italian printed books within French Renaissance libraries. Chapter five looks into the development of the French Royal library and the role played by Italian items in defining its identity as an institution. Chapter six examines the presence of Italian books in French aristocratic and courtly collections. Chapter seven is devoted to the libraries of the French literary milieu, analysing the extent to which Italian books were cherished as literary exemplars, particularly with regard to vernacular texts. Chapter eight examines the presence of Italian books in professional collections, with particular attention here given to texts in Latin and other scholarly languages imported from Italy. The conclusion draws all of these strands together, looking at the specific role played by Italian culture, through the printed book, on the development of the French Renaissance. A catalogue of about 2,400 Italian printed books with early modern French provenance is included as an appendix volume. This data provides the evidential basis for this study.

Ce mémoire explore les modalités culturelles de la participation politique de la salonnière parisienne et célèbre écrivaine Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, baronne de Staël-Holstein (1766-1817), au cours de la Révolution française (1789-1799). Sur le plan des représentations, il souligne chez Germaine de Staël l’appropriation et la reformulation des normes de genre pour élaborer un rôle politique convenable à une femme d’esprit dans le contexte révolutionnaire. Ce rôle se fondait notamment sur une éthique de l’amitié et un idéal de vertu acquise par la sensibilité et la raison. Son projet constitutionnel, à la fois libéral et élitiste, cherchait à intégrer la contribution des femmes au processus politique à travers la sociabilité polie et la production littéraire. Sur le plan des pratiques, ce mémoire montre comment les outils de réseautage et de communication qu’étaient le salon, la correspondance et la publication fonctionnaient ensemble pour permettre à Staël de se positionner dans un espace sociopolitique et d’y déployer une action. Il considère ces forums comme des éléments constitutifs d’une culture politique révolutionnaire dont Staël sut faire un usage créatif et constructif pour promouvoir ses idées et son parti. / This essay explores the cultural conditions shaping the political participation of the Parisian salon woman and famous author Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, baroness of Staël-Holstein (1766-1817), during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Looking at representations, it underlines Germaine de Staël’s appropriation and recasting of gender norms to work out a suitable political role for elite women in the revolutionary context. This role was notably based on an ethic of friendship, and an ideal of virtue acquired by combining sensibility and reason. Her constitutional project, both liberal and elitist, sought to integrate female contribution to the political process through polite sociability and literary production. In regard to practices, this essay shows how networking tools and forums of discussion such as salons, correspondence and publication functioned together to position Staël within a socio-political space where she could act. It considers these forums as constitutive elements of a revolutionary political culture that Staël used creatively and constructively to promote her ideas and party.

In much of the historiography surrounding print culture and the book trade, the worldliness of print remains a point of common emphasis. Indeed, many influential studies either assume or actively present the history of print as part of a broader ‘secularization thesis’. Recently, however, historians have challenged these narratives, recognizing the central role of religious print as a driver of growth within the book trade and discussion within the nascent ‘public sphere’. Yet the scholarship into ‘religion and the book’ remains fragmentary, focused on individual genres or persons, with no unified monograph or standard reference work yet to emerge. This dissertation addresses some of the barriers to synopsis by investigating the long-term print output of the largest social and professional group engaged in evangelizing Christianity to the public: the clergy of the Church of England. By focusing on the clergy, this dissertation evades the usual narrow focus on genre. In the past, book-historical and bibliographic studies have relied heavily on a priori classification schemes to study the market for print. While sufficient in the context of relatively well-defined genre categories, such as printed sermons, the validity of these classification schemes breaks down at the wider level, for example, under the conceptual burden of defining the highly fluid and wide-ranging category of ‘religious works’. This dissertation begins to remedy such problems by modelling the print output of a large population of authors who had the strongest stake in evangelizing Christianity to the public through print. It utilizes the latest techniques in the field of digital humanities and bibliometrics to create a representative sample of the print output of the Anglican clergy over the ‘long’ eighteenth-century (here 1660-1800). Based on statistical trends, the thesis identifies a crucial period in the history of clerical print culture, the first four decades of the Hanoverian regime. The period is explored in detail through three subsequent case studies. By combining both traditional and digital methods, therefore, the dissertation explores clerical publishing as a phenomenon subject to evolution and change at both the macro and micro level. The first chapter provides an overarching statistical study of clerical publishing between 1660 and 1800. By combining data from two bibliographical datasets, The English Short-Title Catalogue (ESTC), and the prosopographical resource, The Clergy of the Church of England Database (CCED), I extract and analyse a dataset of clerical works consisting of almost 35,000 bibliographic records. The remaining chapters approach the thesis topic through primary research-based case studies using both print and manuscript sources. The case studies were selected from the period identified in the preceding statistical analysis as a crucial transitional moment in the history of clerical publishing culture, c.1714 to 1750. These case studies form chapters 2, 3, and 4, each of which explore a different aspect of a network of authors who worked under the direction of the bishop of London, Edmund Gibson (1723-1748), during the era of Whig hegemony under Sir Robert Walpole. Finally, an appendix outlines the methodology used in chapter 1 to extract the sample of clerical printed works from the ESTC. Overall, the thesis demonstrates the profound influence of the clergy on the development of English print in the hand-press period. It thus forms both a historiographic intervention against the secularization thesis still implicit in discussions of print culture and the book trade, as well as providing a cautionary critique of the revisionism which has shaped recent investigations into the Church of England.