Global ETD Search

1	Over 675,000 lay people trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation worldwide - The "World Restart a Heart (WRAH)" initiative 2018. Böttiger, B W, Lockey, A, Aickin, R, Bertaut, T, Castren, M, de Caen, A, Censullo, E, Escalante, R, Gent, L, Georgiou, M, Kern, K B, Khan, A M S, Lim, S H, Nadkarni, V, Nation, K, Neumar, R W, Nolan, J P, Rao, S S C C, Stanton, D, Toporas, C, Wang, T-L, Wong, G, Perkins, G D 01 May 2019 (has links) Cartas al editor / Revisión por pares Awareness Health care policy health care system Heart arrest Human Layperson Letter Lobbying Priority journal Resuscitation Social media
2	Are Environmental Factors for Atopic Eczema in ISAAC Phase Three due to Reverse Causation? Rutter, Charlotte E, Silverwood, Richard J, Williams, Hywel C, Ellwood, Philippa, Asher, Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P, Pearce, Neil, Langan, Sinéad M, Chiarella, Pascual, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group 01 May 2019 (has links) Some previously described environmental associations for atopic eczema may be due to reverse causation. We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual- and school-level results for multiple atopic eczema risk factors. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (i.e, ISAAC) Phase Three surveyed children in schools (the sampling unit) regarding atopic eczema symptoms and potential risk factors. We assessed the effect of these risk factors on atopic eczema symptoms using mixed-effect logistic regression models, first with individual-level exposure data and second with school-level exposure prevalence. Overall, 546,348 children from 53 countries were included. At ages 6–7 years, the strongest individual-level associations were with current paracetamol use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37–1.54), which persisted at school-level (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.10–2.21), early-life antibiotics (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34–1.48), and early-life paracetamol use (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.21–1.36), with the former persisting at the school level, whereas the latter was no longer observed (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.00–1.82 and OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69–1.28, respectively). At ages 13–14 years, the strongest associations at the individual level were with current paracetamol use (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.51–1.63) and open-fire cooking (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.33–1.62); both were stronger at the school level (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.84–3.59 and OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.52–3.73, respectively). Association with exposure to heavy traffic (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.27–1.36) also persisted at the school level (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.07–1.82). Most individual- and school-level effects were consistent, tending to exclude reverse causation. / Revisión por pares Antibiotic agent Paracetamol Adolescent Allergy Article Association Asthma Atopic dermatitis Child Cooking Environmental exposure Environmental factor Female Human Major clinical study Male Prevalence Priority journal Risk factor School Symptom Traffic
3	Body mass index and vigorous physical activity in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study. Braithwaite, Irene E, Stewart, Alistair W, Hancox, Robert J, Murphy, Rinki, Wall, Clare R, Beasley, Richard, Mitchell, Edwin A 01 August 2017 (has links) Aim: To examine the relationship between reported vigorous physical activity (VPA) and body mass index (BMI) in children (6–7 years) and adolescents (13–14 years). Methods: In the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three, 75 895 children's parents and 199 502 adolescents answered questions relating to VPA, height and weight. The association between VPA and BMI was analysed using general linear models, adjusting for country gross national index. Results: Compared to children who undertook no VPA, those in the infrequent group (once or twice per week) and those in the frequent group (three or more times per week) had mean (95% CI) BMI values 0.07 kg/m 2 (0.03–0.11) and 0.09 kg/m 2 (0.03–0.15) greater, respectively (p = 0.001). Compared to adolescents reporting no VPA, those in the infrequent group had a BMI 0.19 kg/m 2 (0.15–0.23) greater while those in the frequent group had a BMI 0.01 kg/m 2 (−0.03–0.05) greater (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Reported VPA is not associated with lower BMI among children and adolescents. Investigation of VPA and BMI may be best undertaken in conjunction with other variables in the energy expenditure equation. A focus on VPA alone may be an inefficient way to manage BMI. / Revisión por pares Adolescent Body mass index Child Obesity Vigorous physical activity Adolescent Article Body height Body mass Body weight Canada Child Cross-sectional study Human Lithuania Multicenter study Physical activity Priority journal Spain Vigorous physical activity Clinical trial Exercise Female Male
4	Global variations in prevalence of eczema symptoms in children from ISAAC Phase Three. Odhiambo, Joseph A, Williams, Hywel C, Clayton, Tadd O, Robertson, Colin F, Asher, M Innes, Chiarella, Pascual, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. 01 December 2009 (has links) El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Background: In 1999, The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One reported the prevalence of eczema symptoms in 715,033 children from 154 centers in 56 countries by using standardized epidemiologic tools. Objective: To update the world map of eczema prevalence after 5 to 10 years (ISAAC Phase Three) and include additional data from over 100 new centers. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys using the ISAAC questionnaire on eczema symptoms were completed by adolescents 13 to 14 years old and by parents of children 6 to 7 years old. Current eczema was defined as an itchy flexural rash in the past 12 months and was considered severe eczema if associated with 1 or more nights per week of sleep disturbance. Results: For the age group 6 to 7 years, data on 385,853 participants from 143 centers in 60 countries showed that the prevalence of current eczema ranged from 0.9% in India to 22.5% in Ecuador, with new data showing high values in Asia and Latin America. For the age group 13 to 14 years, data on 663,256 participants from 230 centers in 96 countries showed prevalence values ranging from 0.2% in China to 24.6% in Columbia with the highest values in Africa and Latin America. Current eczema was lower for boys than girls (odds ratio, 0.94 and 0.72 at ages 6 to 7 years and 13 to 14 years, respectively). Conclusion:ISAAC Phase Three provides comprehensive global data on the prevalence of eczema symptoms that is essential for public health planning. New data reveal that eczema is a disease of developing as well as developed countries. / Revisión por pares Children Eczema Global ISAAC Prevalence Sex Adolescent Africa Age distribution Article Asia Child China Clinical assessment Colombia Cross-sectional study Ecuador Eczema Epidemiological data Evaluation Female Geographic distribution Health care planning Human Major clinical study Male Preschool child Prevalence Priority journal Public health service Questionnaire Rash School child Sex ratio Skin manifestation Sleep disorder
5	Development and improvement of methods for characterization of HPLC stationary phases Undin, Torgny January 2011 (has links) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a widely used tech-nique both for detecting and purifying substances in academy and in the industry. In order to facilitate the use of, and knowledge in HPLC, character-ization of stationary phases is of utmost importance. Tailor made characteri-zation methods and workflows are steadily increasing the speed and accura-cy in which new separation systems and methods are developed. In the field fundamental separation science and of preparative chromatography there is always the need for faster and more accurate methods of adsorption isotherm determination. Some of that demand are met with the steadily increase of computational power, but the practical aspects on models and methods must also be further developed. These nonlinear characterization methods will not only give models capable of describing the adsorption isotherm but also actual values of local adsorption energies and monolayer saturation capacity of an individual interaction sites etc.The studies presented in this thesis use modern alkali stable stationary phas-es as a model phase, which will give an insight in hybrid materials and their separation mechanism. This thesis will include an update and expansion in using the Elution by Characteristic Points (ECP) method for determination of adsorption isotherms. The precision is even further increased due to the ability to use slope data as well as an increase in usability by assigning a set of guidance rules to be applied when determine adsorption isotherms having inflection points. This thesis will further provide the reader with information about stationary phase characterization and the power of using existing tech-niques; combine them with each other, and also what the expansion of meth-ods can revile in terms of precision and increased usability. A more holistic view of what benefits that comes with combining a non-linear characteriza-tion of a stationary phase with more common linear characterization meth-ods are presented. Adsorption isotherms Elution by characteristic points Inflection points Single component adsorption Elution by characteristic points method Slope data ECP-slope method Adsorption Adsorption energy distribution Adsorption isotherms AED Characterization of adsorption processes Chromatographic analysis Chromatography Hydrophobic-subtraction method (HSM) Hydrophobicity Linear methods Linear Models Liquid chromatography metoprolol Non-linear methods Nonlinear methods phenol priority journal propranolol Retention mechanism reversed phase liquid chromatography Solvation Subtraction method Thermodynamics Analytical Chemistry Analytisk kemi Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biokemi och molekylärbiologi

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