The aim of this dissertation thesis is an analysis and comparison of the wages and the wage differentials between public and private sectors in the Czech Republic for the years 2008 and 2009, including an analysis of influence of the individual factors (education, length of experience, age and region) on the level of wages in public and private sectors and how the wage differentials affect the size of wage differentials between workers with tertiary and secondary education and the private rate of return on investment in education in the public and private sectors. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of economic theories and research on human capital, wage differentials and the private rate of return on investment in education. The second chapter is focused on analysis and comparison of the public and private sectors wages for the years 2008 a 2009 using descriptive statistics, the ANOVA analysis, Tukey's multiple comparison and regression analysis. The third chapter is concentrated on the calculation of wage differentials and on the calculation of private rate of return to investment in education of public and private sector using Mincer equation and Elaborated method. The result of this dissertation thesis is the finding that the influence of individual factors on the level of wages in the public sector is different from the private sector and that the private rate of return to investment in tertiary education in the public sector is smaller than in the private sector.

The Diploma thesis is dealing with the usage of the private-public partnerships in the form of PPP projects. The main aim of this work is an evaluation of the PPP method whilst providing the public good as one of the main tools of financial projects from the public sectors. The thesis is briefly introducing the principles of public sector, its role and functions along with securing public good and their financing. The first part discusses the history of PPP projects, its characteristics and typology, as well as various advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional public contract model. The analytical part is dedicated to the implementation of the private projects and to public partnership in Czech Republic. The pilot projects are the D3 motorway and judicial complex in Usti nad Labem. Foreign projects are represented by M1/M15 motorway in Hungary and its comparison with the D3 motorway. The main section of the analytical part then focuses onto the analysis of the PPP projects, in terms of their effectiveness, financial aspects and the overall merits. In particular, a critical stance on the subject guarantees its objective evaluation. The conclusion of the thesis is evaluated whether it has indeed an effective method as it's sometimes called.

O modelo de assistência ao parto o Brasil está fortemente relacionado à atuação do médico e a maioria dos partos é realizada em ambiente hospitalar: em 2004, 94% dos partos foram hospitalares e 43% dos nascimentos ocorreram por cesariana, uma atividade estritamente médica. Na rede privada de serviços de saúde do município de São Paulo, o percentual de cesarianas gira em torno de 84%. A partir do final da década de 1990, vêm sendo formuladas políticas públicas para promover mudanças nesse modelo. Algumas dessas proposições favorecem a inserção de enfermeiras obstétricas e obstetrizes (EO) na assistência ao parto, reconhecendo sua importância para promover o parto normal. Nesse contexto, a autonomia profissional da EO na atenção de baixo risco e o trabalho colaborativo na assistência ao parto são elementos fundamentais para uma atenção qualificada. Por sua vez, a atuação da EO na assistência ao parto é definida não exclusivamente pelas políticas de saúde oficiais, mas também pela organização da assistência praticada nas instituições. A forma como a EO atua na assistência ao parto e como vivencia a autonomia profissional e o trabalho colaborativo dependem do local de atuação, das regras e normas da instituição, da divisão técnica do trabalho e da relação hierárquica estabelecida na equipe obstétrica. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever como a enfermeira obstétrica percebe sua inserção na equipe obstétrica e sua autonomia profissional na assistência à mulher durante o parto, em instituições de saúde privadas. Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa e o estudo foi realizado com EO que atuavam em instituições de saúde privadas da cidade de São Paulo, que atendem exclusivamente pacientes particulares ou usuários de seguros ou planos de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, como uso do gravador. Foram incluídas 15 EO que atuavam no centro obstétrico de nove instituições de saúde privadas. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para sistematizar os dados qualitativos e a discussão foi realizada considerando os seguintes temas: Autonomia; Confiança e cumplicidade: principais facilitadores da autonomia; Outros aspectos facilitadores da autonomia; Dificuldades para a autonomia; Facilitadores do trabalho colaborativo; Barreiras para o trabalho colaborativo; Percepção da inserção da enfermeira obstétrica na equipe; Composição e coordenação da equipe de assistência ao parto; Reflexões sobre a atuação da enfermeira obstétrica nas instituições de saúde privadas. Identificamos que apesar do apoio legal e do reconhecimento dos órgãos oficiais e organizações internacionais da importância da EO assistência à mulher no parto, sua atuação nas instituições privadas do município de São Paulo é muito restrita e aquém das competências estabelecidas para esta profissional. As EO apontaram o não reconhecimento de suas atribuições pelos médicos obstetras como um dos principais fatores para a restrição de sua autonomia e para a falta de trabalho colaborativo no cuidado da parturiente / The model of healthcare during labor in Brazil is strongly associated to the physician care, and the majority of deliveries occur in hospitals: in 2004, 94% of the deliveries took place in hospitals and 43% of them were cesarian sections, something that implies medical care. In the private health system in the city of São Paulo, the incidence of cesarian section deliveries reaches around 84%. Since the end of the 1990-decade, some political initiatives have been trying to change this model. Some of the proposals favor the insertion of nurse-midwives in the assistance team, recognizing the importance of this professional in the promotion of normal delivery. In that context, the professional autonomy of the nurse-midwife and collaborative work in the delivery assistance are essential for a qualified care. However, the role of the nurse-midwife in the delivery assistance is defined not only by official guidelines, but also by the institutions\' policies. The way she can live professional autonomy and collaborative work depends on the type of hospital, its rules and norms, on the distribution of work among the team\'s members and on the hierarchical relationships. This study had the objective of describing the nurse-midwife\'s perception of her insertion in the assistance team and of her professional autonomy in private hospitals. This was a qualitative study, with nurse-midwives working in private institutions in São Paulo that assist members of health care insurance plans. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, registered in a tape recorder, with 15 nurse-midwives who work in 9 private hospitals. Content analysis was used and the qualitative data collected was discussed based on the themes: autonomy, factors that facilitate autonomy or factors that make autonomy more difficult, facilitators of collaborative work and factors that make it more difficult, the composition and coordination of the delivery health care team and the perception of the nurse-midwife of her insertion in the team. We observed that, despite the legal support and the recognition of official and international organizations about the role of the nurse-midwife, her actual work in the private hospitals in São Paulo is restricted and are not in accordance with her competence and skills. The nurse-midwives pointed out that obstetricians do not recognize their responsibilities in the health care team, and this restricts her autonomy and plays against the collaborative work in the patient\'s benefit

O presente estudo inicia-se com uma reconstituição da história dos cursos superiores de administração de empresas no Brasil, visando um objetivo preciso: localizar, no interior das hierarquias existentes no ensino superior e, especialmente, no ensino da administração, uma escola superior do setor privado em São Paulo (capital). Nessa escola aqui designada como Universidade A é que se inserem os formandos de administração de empresas que participaram desta investigação. A partir do lugar ocupado no campo acadêmico pela administração lugar no qual são combinados paradoxalmente saberes e práticas que se encontram na tensa fronteira entre dois mundos antagônicos (o do homo academicus e o do homo oeconomicus) , afirma-se que a Universidade A está localizada num espaço ainda mais fronteiriço (do ponto de vista científico) do que o ocupado pelas escolas de administração tradicionais e/ou de prestígio neste campo específico do ensino superior. Considerando-se que as escolas de administração ocupam uma posição subordinada no mundo da academia, a Universidade A, tida como uma escola sem tradição no ensino da administração, localiza-se, portanto, em um lugar duplamente subordinado, situado na margem da margem do sistema institucional de ensino superior. Depois de definir a posição da Universidade A no campo do ensino superior em geral e, posteriormente, no campo do ensino da administração, este estudo explora qualitativamente os sentidos da educação superior e, em particular, do ensino de administração, junto a alunos formandos com baixo capital econômico e sem tradição escolar que se encontram nesse campo acadêmico duplamente marginal. Por fim, o trabalho aqui apresentado busca compreender como esses formandos em administração de empresas respondem e reagem individualmente isto é, no plano micro de sua experiência específica às recentes transformações macro-sociais (decorrentes do processo mais amplo de reestruturação produtiva) em termos de práticas, escolhas e expectativas a partir dos espaços sociais nos quais eles estão situados e transitam. / The present study begins with the reconstitution of the history of Higher Education Business Administration courses in Brazil, and aims at localizing one specific São Paulo-based private-sector school within the existing hierarchies in Higher Education and within the Business Administration Education field. All the students who took part in this investigation belong to this school referred to as University A. In regard to the position of Business Administration within the academic field a field which paradoxically combines knowledges and practices found in the tense boundaries between two antagonist worlds (homo academicuss and homo oeconomicuss) University A stands in an even more (scientifically) borderline space, in comparison to traditional or more prestigious schools. Considering that Administration Schools remain in a subordinate position in the academic world, a less traditional school such as University A is held in a doubly subordinate position, on the margins of the established Higher Educational system. After defining the position of University A within the Higher Education field and, subsequently, within the Business Education field, the present research explores qualitatively the senses of Higher Education and, specifically, Business Administration Education by students with low-economic capital and without schooling tradition, who find themselves in this doubly marginal field. Finally, the research aims at understanding how such Business Administration students respond and react individually i.e. in the micro-plan of their specific experience to recent social macro-changes (due to the broader process of productive restructuring) in terms of practices, choices and expectations, based on the social spaces in which they are situated.

This paper examines the performance of Indian banks by studying the effects of recent reforms and macroeconomic events. Indian banks went through a period of reforms in the past twenty years. The impact of these reforms and major macroeconomic events has been examined using time-series analysis. Event studies offer additional perspective on the short-run effect of the events on different types of Indian banks. Although, the event dates are not all statistically significant in the time-series regressions, the demonetization of 2016 is significant in the event study analysis. Thus, while reforms and events have immediate impact on the performance of Indian banks, the effects did not always persist over the larger time-period.

Doctor of Philosophy / Public private partnerships [PPPs] are a product of policies and processes to modernise the delivery of infrastructure-based services. An examination of the modernisation literature establishes the broad analytical frame within which this thesis investigates PPPs. The macro-level overview of the recent transformation of the Australian public sector confirms that the dominant principles underlying modernisation are grounded in new institutional economics [NIE] that are implemented through private-sector derived accounting and management implementation technologies. It highlights the contextual complexities stemming from Australia’s federal system of government, explaining the decision to focus on investigating PPP experiences in Victoria. At the conceptual level, PPPs rely on risk management and modernisation of service delivery to achieve value for money [VFM] for governments. In Victoria, 2000 signals a change in the modernisation role of PPPs. Thereafter, risk inherent in PPPs was reduced by excluding the contractor from the delivery of core social services. Also, the state began to develop a number of PPP policies to guide, aid, control and rationalise decision making in the pre-contracting stage, and to clarify objectives. Analysis of PPP contracts and the failure of one pre-2000 PPP hospital project are illustrative of the controversies identified in the literature about ‘hidden’ aims, the role of technologies designed provide ‘objective’ evidence of VFM inherent in PPPs at the time of contracting, and the ‘fallacy’ of risk transfer to private contractors. An examination of prison contracts indicates the changing nature of the management and control of PPPs in the execution stage. Analysis of pre-2000 prison contracts reveals that these projects were intended to drive significant financial and nonfinancial modernisation reforms throughout the correctional services system. Despite problems with contractual specification of performance and payment mechanisms, and the failure of one of the three pre-2000 prisons, recent evidence suggests, contrary to conclusions in the previous literature, that sector-wide modernisation objectives are being achieved in PPP prisons. PPPs have been criticised on the grounds that they enable governments to avoid accountability for service provision. A survey of the extent, focus and characteristics of the performance audit of PPPs confirms that little PPP auditing has been undertaken in Australia per se, and also that much of the performance auditing has focused on examining adherence to mandated procedures in the pre-contracting stage. However, this thesis demonstrates that the Victorian government has undertaken significant evaluation of the operation of its pre-2000 PPP prisons, and that its thinking and policy development reflect lessons learnt. The evidence presented in this thesis challenges findings in the previous literature that modernisation has delivered less than promised. This thesis confirms the potency of longitudinal research to investigate outcomes of what is essentially an iterative process of reform and that ‘successful’ implementation of modernisation change is sensitive to the context to be reformed. In finding that the presence of goodwill trust is critical to the implementation of recent modernisation reform in the correctional services sector (including in the PPP prisons), this thesis also confirms recent critiques of the power of NIE theories to explain contracting practices in the PPP setting.

This thesis establishes an empirically based dialogue between two theoretical approaches to management, one emphasing structure and the other process, by examining the question of whether management in private sector, profit oriented organizations is similar to, or different from, management in government departments. Subjects for the study were participants in the Australian Public Service (APS) Interchange Program, under which APS members work temporarily in other organizations, and managers from outside the Service spend some time in the APS. The measuring instruments used were a questionnaire designed to test empirically and to extend research by Fottler (1981), a standardised measure of personal values and two questionnaires to gather personal details and job related information pertinent to the parent and host organizations. The results of the study indicate that Interchange participants found significant differences between the Service and the private-for-profit organizations in which they worked. The differences within the major structural variable, organization type, can be expressed in terms of managerial processes. Evidence was found of interrelationships between organization type, job related process variables and personal values. The theoretical significance of these results is discussed in terms of a pluralistic approach to managerial process, the practical implications for the APS are noted, and suggestions for further research are proposed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

<p>Diskussionen om den svenska vården är ständigt aktuell, särskilt den som rör de tio till tolv procent som utgör privat verksamhet. De ekonomiska drivkrafter som finns i ett företag med vinstintresse kan anses vara oförenliga med vård av god kvalitet. Det är viktigt att kunna balansera incitamenten kvalitet och vinstintresse för att undvika att patienter eller brukare blir missgynnade. Den privata vården och omsorgen tampas med dagens rådande organisationskultur som säger att det är fult att tjäna pengar på vård. Den offentliga sektorn i sin tur arbetar mot kvalitetsmål vare sig de är företagsekonomiskt effektiva eller ej, samtidigt som de brottas med svårigheter gällande krav på ökad ekonomisk effektivitet, åtstramningar och problem med att mäta graden av framgång baserat på prestationer. Det komplexa i att kunna balansera vinstintresse och kvalitet och på bästa sätt möta omvärldens krav på styrning och mål har lett fram till denna undersöknings forskningsfråga som lyder:</p><p>Vilka likheter och skillnader förekommer i mellanchefers målarbete beroende på vinstintresse?</p><p>I en kvalitativ studie har sex stycken mellanchefer inom vård- och omsorgssektorn intervjuats med avsikt att skapa förståelse kring hur deras målarbete bedrivs. Vidare syftar studien till att försöka urskilja om och i så fall på vilket eller vilka sätt incitamentet vinstintresse påverkar detta målarbete. Utifrån studien har flera slutsatser dragits. Det finns skillnader i målarbete på grund av incitamentet vinstintresse. Exempel på dessa är konkretisering av mål och förtydligande av övergripande syfte. Samtidigt kan detta incitament inte betraktas som angörande för hur målarbetet utförs. </p><p>Nyckelord: Incitament, offentlig sektor, privat sektor, vinstintresse, mål.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available online.