SILVA, Helton Colares da. Purificação e caracterização parcial de uma lectina pró-inflamatória de sementes de Bauhinia bauhinioides MART. 76 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica. Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-05-23T12:09:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hcsilva.pdf: 28291568 bytes, checksum: fac7f934eb20708cddd436062f250c54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-05T18:38:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hcsilva.pdf: 28291568 bytes, checksum: fac7f934eb20708cddd436062f250c54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T18:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hcsilva.pdf: 28291568 bytes, checksum: fac7f934eb20708cddd436062f250c54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A new galactose-specific lectin, named BBL, was purified from seeds of the Caesalpinoideae plant, Bauhinia bauhinioides, by precipitation with solid ammonium sulfate followed by two steps of ion exchange chromatography, and its pro-inflammatory activity was evaluated. The lectin haemagglutinated rabbit and humans erythrocytes (native and treated with proteolytic enzymes), which occurred independent on presence of divalent cations, was stable at 60 °C for 60 min, had an optimum pH between pH 8.0 and 9.0 and was inhibited after incubation with D-galactose and its derivatives, especially α-methyl-D-galactopyranoside. The pure protein was found to have a molecular mass of 31 kDa by SDS–PAGE and 28,305 Da by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The s.c. injection of BBL induced dose-dependent paw edema at all doses tested, an effect that occurred via carbohydrate site interaction and that was significantly reduced by L-NAME, indicating the important participation of nitric oxide in the late phase of the edema induced by BBL. These findings indicate that this lectin can be used as a tool to better understand the mechanisms involved in inflammatory responses. / As sementes de Bauhinia bauhinioides Mart, uma espécie pertencente à Família Leguminosae, Subfamília Caesalpinoideae, Tribo Cercideae, possuem uma lectina Galactose/Lactose específica, que aglutina eritrócitos de coelho e humanos nativos ou tratados com enzimas proteolíticas. A lectina de sementes de B. bauhinioides foi purificada por precipitação com sulfato de amônio seguida por cromatografias de trocas iônica em DEAE-Sephacel e em HiTrap SP, essa última acoplada a HPLC. Esse procedimento resultou na lectina purificada, nomeada BBL. O processo de purificação da BBL foi monitorado por SDS-PAGE e observou-se que a lectina purificada é caracterizada por um perfil eletroforético composto por uma banda única, com massa molecular aparente de aproximadamente 31 kDa, tanto na presença quanto na ausência de um agente redutor. A análise por espectrometria de massas indicou que BBL possui massa molecular de 28310 Da e, por cromatografia de exclusão molecular, observou-se que a lectina, na sua forma nativa, parece assumir uma estrutura tetramérica. A lectina de sementes de B. bauhinioides não é uma glicoproteína e demonstra elevada estabilidade, sendo capaz de manter sua atividade hemaglutinante em uma ampla faixa de pH, após exposição a temperaturas de até 60º C por 1 hora e após diálise contra EDTA. BBL foi testada quanto a atividade pró-inflamatória utilizando o modelo de edema de pata em ratos, tendo sido observada uma indução significativa de edema nos animais tratados com BBL na dose de 1,0 mg/kg sendo esta atividade pró-inflamatória inibida pela incubação prévia da lectina com 0,1 M de D-galactose. Foi avaliado também o efeito pró-inflamatório da BBL em presença de bloqueadores farmacológicos de dois importantes mediadores inflamatórios e observou-se que o L-NAME, um inibidor não-seletivo da enzima Óxido Nítrico Sintase, inibiu significativamente o edema causado pela lectina, sugerindo que a atividade pró-inflamatória causada por BBL envolve a participação do oxido nítrico. Esses resultados reforçam a idéia da utilização de lectinas vegetais como ferramentas biotecnológicas em estudos sobre os mecanismos implicados na resposta inflamatória.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Lectinas sÃo proteÃnas que possuem no mÃnimo um domÃnio nÃo catalÃtico capaz de se ligar reversivelmente a mono ou oligossacarÃdeos especÃficos. As lectinas sÃo amplamente distribuÃdas em muitas plantas, bem como em animais e outros organismos. Geralmente, as lectinas sÃo muito abundantes em sementes de plantas, especialmente na famÃlia Leguminosae. Centenas de lectinas jà foram isoladas e caracterizadas de plantas pertencentes a diferentes famÃlias dessa divisÃo. A famÃlia das lectinas de leguminosas representa o grupo desta classe proteica mais bem estudada, em especial destaque a subtribo Diocleinae. As lectinas de Diocleinae apresentam um alto grau de similaridade estrutural, porÃm o mesmo nÃo se observa quanto Ãs atividades biolÃgicas. Esta variabilidade reside em detalhes que podem ser analisados em estudos baseados em estruturas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho descreve a caracterizaÃÃo estrutural parcial e biolÃgica de uma lectina presente em sementes de Dioclea reflexa Hook F., pertencente à famÃlia Leguminosae, subfamÃlia Papilionoideae, tribo Phaseoleae, subtribo Diocleinae. A lectina de sementes de Dioclea reflexa (DrfL) foi purificada em uma Ãnica etapa atravÃs de cromatografia de afinidade em coluna Sephadex G-50. A lectina aglutinou fortemente eritrÃcitos de coelho e foi inibida por D-manose e α-metil-D-manosÃdeo. A atividade hemaglutinante da DrfL à Ãtima nos pH 5,0;6,0 e 7,0, e estÃvel a uma temperatura de 50 ÂC. Semelhante a outras lectinas da subtribo Diocleinae, a anÃlise por espectrometria de massas indicou que a lectina de D. reflexa possui possui trÃs cadeias (α, β e γ) com massas de 25.562, 12.874 e 12.706 Da, respectivamente, e nÃo possui ligaÃÃes dissulfeto ou glicosilaÃÃes. A sequÃncia primÃria da DrfL apresenta grande similaridade com outras lectinas de espÃcies do mesmo gÃnero. A proteÃna foi cristalizada pelo mÃtodo de difusÃo de vapor na presenÃa do ligante X-man e foi resolvida a uma resoluÃÃo de 1,76 Ã. DrfL apresentou efeito relaxante em mÃsculo liso de aortas endotelizadas de rato e apresentou atividade inflamatÃria no modelo de edema de pata de rato. A lectina de D. reflexa exibiu baixa citotoxicidade contra nÃuplios de Artemia sp. / Lectins are proteins that have at least one non-catalytic domain capable of reversibly bind to specific mono-or oligosaccharides. Lectins are widely distributed in many plants as well as animals and other organisms. In general, lectins are very abundant in plant seeds, especially in the Leguminosae family. Hundreds of lectins have been isolated and characterized from plants belonging to different families of this division. The legume lectin family is the group of this protein class further studied, in particular highlighted the subtribe Diocleinae. Lectins Diocleinae have a high degree of structural similarity, but the same was not true about the biological activities. This variability lies in details that can be analyzed in studies based structures. In this context, this paper describes the partial structural and biological characterization of a lectin present in seeds Dioclea reflexa Hook F. belonging to the family Leguminosae, subfamily Papilionoideae, tribe Phaseoleae, subtribe Diocleinae. The seed lectin Dioclea reflexa (DrfL) was purified in a single step by affinity chromatography on Sephadex G-50 column. The lectin strongly agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes and was inhibited by D-mannose and methyl-α-D-manoside. The hemagglutinating activity of the DrfL is optimum pH 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0, stable at a temperature of 50  C. Similar to other lectins of the subtribe Diocleinae, analysis by mass spectrometry indicated that the lectin D. reflex has three chains (α, β and γ) with masses of 25,562; 12,874 and 12,706 Da, respectively, and has no disulfide bonds or glycosylation. The primary sequence of DrfL shows great similarity with other lectins from species of the same genus. The protein was crystallized by vapor diffusion bonding method in the presence of X-man and was determined to a resolution of 1.76 Ã. DrfL presented relaxing effect on smooth muscle and endothelial aortas rat and showed inflammatory activity in the rat paw edema model. The lectin D. reflexa exhibited low cytotoxicity against Artemia sp.

INTRODUÇÃO: A urticária crônica igmaidiopática (UCI) é uma doença desencadeada pela desgranulação de basófilos e mastócitos com consequente liberação de histamina, sendo que o perfil imunológico nesta doença não é bem estabelecido. As estatinas, inibidores da 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril coenzima A redutase, apresentam efeitos antiinflamatórios e imunomodulatórios. O efeito desta droga tem sido estudado em muitas doenças inflamatórias crônicas, incluindo doenças autoimunes, mas não existem evidências na UCI. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito das estatinas na resposta imune e sua a influência na expressão de genes regulatórios e relacionados com a resposta inflamatória. MÉTODOS: A resposta limfoproliferativa a mitógenos e antígeno-específica de 22 pacientes com UCI e 41 controles na presença de estatinas (0,25-25 µM) foi analisada pela incorporação de timidina após 3 ou 6 dias de cultura. A progressão do ciclo celular e apoptose foi realizada pela incorporação de bromodeoxiuridina (Brdu) ao DNA após estímulo por PHA ou PWM e analisada por citometria de fluxo. A secreção de citocinas foi quantificada por ELISA e a expressão de mRNA de fatores regulatórios e pró-inflamatórios quantificados por real-time PCR. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram que as estatinas em elevadas concentrações são capazes de inibir a capacidade mitogênica das células T e B seja dos indivíduos saudáveis ou de pacientes com UCI. A inibição da proliferação celular mediada pelas estatinas foi decorrente ao bloqueio na etapa inicial do ciclo celular (Fase G0/1), o que impediu o prosseguimento para outras fases do ciclo (S e G2/M). A diminuição da resposta proliferativa em resposta a um mitógeno como a PHA resultou na inibição da ativação celular pela estatina e a significante redução na produção de citocinas como IFN-?, IL-10, IL-17A e IL-5. Em contraste, o efeito modulatório das estatinas ao estímulo com LPS inibiu a produção de TNF-? e MIP-1? pelas células dos controles, mas não influenciou na produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias pelas CMN dos pacientes com UCI. Somente a incubação prévia das células com as drogas, em alta concentração (25µM), foi possível verificar a modulação negativa na produção de IL-6 e MIP1-? para ambos os grupos, mas não para o TNF-? para os pacientes. A sinvastatina foi capaz exercer efeito modulatório mais pronunciado que a lovastatina na produção de citocinas induzidas por LPS. Os resultados evidenciaram que os pacientes com UCI possuem uma diminuição da expressão da enzima IDO e aumento de SOCS3 nas CMN. A sinvastina não altera esse perfil e previne a expressão de fatores inflamatórios como RORC?t e NALP3 inflamassomas. CONCLUSÕES: Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem um desequilíbrio dos mecanismos regulatórios que poderiam contribuir com a cronicidade e o perfil inflamatório na UCI. As estatinas apresentam maior efeito antiinflamatório que pró-inflamatório, sugerindo ter potencial clínico para o tratamento de doenças crônicas como a UCI. / INTRODUCTION: Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) is a disease triggered by degranulation of basophils and mast cells with consequent histamine release and the CIU immunological profile is not well established. Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, also display a broad immunomodulatory property. Statins have been studied in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune disorders, but there are no evidences in CIU disease. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of statins the immune response, and the expression of genes related to regulatory and inflammatory response focusing in CIU patients and healthy controls (HC). METHODS: Lymphoproliferative response to mitogens or recall antigens of 22 patients with CIU and 41 HC with statins (0,25-25µM) was analyzed by timidine incorporation after 3 or 6 days of cell cultures. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assessed by bromodeoxyiridine (BrDU) incorporation to DNA upon PHA or PWM stimulus by flow cytometry. Cytokines secretion was measured by ELISA and mRNA of regulatory and proinflammatory genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: The results showed that high concentrations of statins can inhibit the mitogenic capacity of T and B cells of HC or CIU patients. The inhibition of cell proliferation mediated by statins was due to blockage in the initial phase of the cell cycle (G0/1), which prevented progress to cycle phases (S and G2/M). The decreased proliferative response in response to PHA mediated by statin resulted in a significant inhibition of IFN-?, IL-10, IL-17A and IL-5 secretion levels. Statin effect in response to LPS showed inhibition of TNF-? and MIP-1? secretion by cells from HC, but did not influence the production by PBMC of CIU. It was necessary the pre-incubation of cells with drugs at high concentration (25µM) to verify the negative modulation of IL-6 and MIP1-? secretion in both groups, except for TNF-? in CIU. Simvastatin was able to exert more pronounced modulatory effect than lovastatin in cytokine production induced by LPS. Furthermore, CIU patients have a decreased expression of the enzyme IDO and increased of SOCS3 in PBMC, which were not modified by simvastatin, whereas prevented the upregulation of proinflammatory factor as RORC?t and NALP3 inflammasomes. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, the results evidenced an imbalance of regulatory mechanisms that could contribute to chronic evolution and inflammatory profile in CIU. Statins exhibited more anti-inflammatory effects than proinflammatory, suggesting a potential clinical role for treatment in chronic diseases as CIU.

Adrenal gland insufficiency – the clinical manifestation of deficient production or action of adrenal steroids – is a life-threatening disorder. Among many factors which can predispose to primary adrenal failure, an autoimmune adrenalitis and infectious agents play a major role. The initial host defense against bacterial infections is executed primarily by the pattern recognition receptors, e.g. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), expressed in cells from the innate immune system. Upon activation, TLRs have been found to regulate various levels of innate and adaptive immunity as well as control tissue inflammation. TLRs are implicated in adrenal cell turnover and steroidogenesis during inflammation. Therefore, TLRs play a crucial role in the activation of adrenal inflammation mediating adrenal gland dysfunction during septicemia. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Over the past few years the NAD-related compounds nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide riboside (NR) and 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) have been established as important molecules in signalling pathways that contribute to metabolic functions of many cells, including those of the immune system. Among immune cells, monocytes/macrophages, which are the major players of inflammatory processes, are especially susceptible to the anti-inflammatory action of NAM. Here we asked whether NAM and the two other compounds have the potential to regulate differentiation and LPS-induced biological answers of the monocytic cell line THP-1. We show that treatment of THP-1 cells with NAM, NR and MNA resulted in growth retardation accompanied by enrichment of cells in the G0/G1-phase independent of p21 and p53. NAM and NR caused an increase in intracellular NAD concentrations and SIRT1 and PARP1 mRNA expression was found to be enhanced. The compounds failed to up-regulate the expression of the cell surface differentiation markers CD38, CD11b and CD14. They modulated the reactive oxygen species production and primed the cells to respond less effectively to the LPS induced TNF-a production. Our data show that the NAD metabolites interfere with early events associated with differentiation of THP-1 cells along the monocytic path and that they affect LPS-induced biological responses of the cell line.

No description available.

Upon encounter of an antigen, epidermis-resident Langerhans cells (LCs) become activated and present the processed antigen to T cells of the draining lymph nodes, resulting in tolerogenic or inflammatory responses. In psoriasis plaques, skin homeostasis is disrupted and replaced by an inflammatory dermatitis. Topical application of the anti-viral compound, imiquimod, induces a psoriasiform inflammatory condition, partly driven by LC production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Differentiation of the myeloid progenitor cell line, MUTZ-3, produces MUTZ-3 derived Langerhans cells (MUTZ-LCs) which can be used as an in vitro model of LCs. This project aimed to investigate the phenotype and function of imiquimod-treated MUTZ-LCs in monolayer cultures, co-culture with T cells and inserted into a 3D skin model. LC-related surface markers (HLA-DR, CD1a, CD207, CCR7) were upregulated in MUTZ-LCs after 7 days of differentiation with 40 ng/ml GM-CSF, 10 ng/ml TGF-β and 2.5 ng/ml TNF-α. Supernatants of imiquimod-treated monolayer cultures of MUTZ-LCs showed subtle concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α, but not IL-23. mRNA expression showed no significant upregulation of IL-6, IL-23 or TNF-α after 24 h treatment with imiquimod. The presence of MUTZ-LCs in T cell co-cultures greatly increased the production of IL-2, but did not affect expression of CD25. After 16 h exposure to imiquimod, IL-6, IL-23 and TNF-α could not be detected in culture supernatants of a 3D model consisting of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and MUTZ-LCs. The model was devoid of fibroblasts after 19 days of culture, most likely compromising the immunocompetence, as LC migration in response to activation could not be detected. Further studies could refine and optimize the imiquimod-3D skin model, which has potential as a possible substitute for animal models in psoriasis research.

Over the past few years the NAD-related compounds nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide riboside (NR) and 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) have been established as important molecules in signalling pathways that contribute to metabolic functions of many cells, including those of the immune system. Among immune cells, monocytes/macrophages, which are the major players of inflammatory processes, are especially susceptible to the anti-inflammatory action of NAM. Here we asked whether NAM and the two other compounds have the potential to regulate differentiation and LPS-induced biological answers of the monocytic cell line THP-1. We show that treatment of THP-1 cells with NAM, NR and MNA resulted in growth retardation accompanied by enrichment of cells in the G0/G1-phase independent of p21 and p53. NAM and NR caused an increase in intracellular NAD concentrations and SIRT1 and PARP1 mRNA expression was found to be enhanced. The compounds failed to up-regulate the expression of the cell surface differentiation markers CD38, CD11b and CD14. They modulated the reactive oxygen species production and primed the cells to respond less effectively to the LPS induced TNF-α production. Our data show that the NAD metabolites interfere with early events associated with differentiation of THP-1 cells along the monocytic path and that they affect LPS-induced biological responses of the cell line.

No description available.

Les neutrophiles sont généralement considérés résistants aux glucocorticoïdes. Cependant, peu d’études comparant l’effet de ces drogues sur les neutrophiles et les autres leucocytes sanguins (monocytes, lymphocytes et éosinophiles) ont été rapportées. Dans notre étude, nous avons évalué la réponse aux glucocorticoïdes de ces deux populations cellulaires chez le cheval et l’homme. Les cellules, préalablement isolées du sang de 6 chevaux et 4 sujets humains sains, ont été incubées pendant 5 h en présence de lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/mL) seul ou combiné avec de l’hydrocortisone, de la prednisolone ou de la dexaméthasone (10-8M et 10-6M). L’expression d’ARNm pour l’IL-1β, le TNF-α, l’IL-8, la glutamine synthétase et le récepteur α des glucocorticoïdes (GR-α) a été quantifiée par qPCR. Les neutrophiles équins ont également été incubés pendant 20 h en présence de ces 3 glucocorticoïdes et la survie cellulaire a été évaluée par cytométrie de flux et microscopie optique. Nous avons démontré que les glucocorticoïdes inhibaient l’expression des gènes pro-inflammatoires induite par le LPS pour les deux populations cellulaires chez les deux espèces étudiées. L’expression de la glutamine synthétase était également significativement augmentée par les glucocorticoïdes chez les neutrophiles et les autres leucocytes sanguins équins. De manière générale, l’intensité de la réponse aux glucocorticoïdes s’est avérée similaire dans les 2 populations leucocytaires et chez les deux espèces. Les glucocorticoïdes augmentaient également la survie des neutrophiles équins, phénomène également rapporté dans d’autres espèces. Ainsi, les glucococorticoïdes exercent des effets d’intensité comparable sur les neutrophiles et les autres leucocytes sanguins. Nous spéculons que la faible réponse à la corticothérapie observée lors de maladies inflammatoires chroniques neutrophiliques comme l’asthme sévère ou la Maladie Pulmonaire Obstructive Chronique (MPOC) ne s’explique pas par une corticorésistance intrinsèque des neutrophiles. / Neutrophils are generally considered resistant to glucocorticoids compared to other inflammatory cells. However, there are few studies comparing the effects of glucocorticoids in neutrophils and those of other blood leukocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils). In our study, we assessed glucocorticoid-responsiveness in equine and human peripheral blood neutrophils and in neutrophil-depleted leukocytes. Cells were isolated from 6 healthy horses and 4 human healthy subjects. They were incubated for 5 h with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/mL) alone or combined with hydrocortisone, prednisolone or dexamethasone (10-8M and 10-6M). IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, glutamine synthetase and Glucocorticoid Receptor α (GR-α) mRNA expression was quantified by qPCR. Equine neutrophils were also incubated for 20 h with or without the three glucocorticoids and cell survival was assessed by flow cytometry and light microscopy. We found that glucocorticoids down-regulated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mRNA expression in both cell populations and species. These drugs also significantly increased glutamine synthetase gene expression in both equine cell populations. The magnitude of glucocorticoid response was generally similar in both cell populations and species. As reported in other species, glucocorticoids significantly increase the survival in equine neutrophils. Based on these results, it appears that glucocorticoids exert effects of similar magnitude on neutrophils and on other blood leukocytes. We speculate that the poor response to glucocorticoids observed in some chronic neutrophilic human diseases such as severe asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is not explained by an inherent attenuated response of neutrophils to these drugs.