This study investigates the further development of the commercially available re-entrant steel deck profile. The effects of various embossments and continuous construction are investigated through three Series of composite slab load tests. The test specimens in this study were constructed to simulate actual field construction of composite slabs as part of reinforced concrete structures. The results of this experimental study are analyzed using methods given in the ASCE Standard for the Structural Design of Composite Slabs. Recommended design procedures for the improved re-entrant profile are given and various future profile modifications are suggested. / Master of Science

Yes / Electricity Suppliers in competitive electricity markets commonly respond to prices changes which are fluctuating over time, but most consumers respond to the price changes as reflected on their electricity bills. Almost all consumers pay fixed tariffs for their consumption without distinctions based on usage time, so these consumers have had no incentives to reduce their use during the peak times. This paper aims to analyze the influence of different tariff schemes on consumer behaviours in UK domestic buildings. A realistic half hourly electricity load profile for different types of UK households that based mainly on public reports and statistics has been generated. This load profile data were used to help calculate the expected change in consumers' bills under standard tariffs offered from different suppliers to what the cost of electricity would be under time varying tariff (economy7 tariff) and to estimate of how much consumers would shift their load in response to price changes without changing total consumption, for which the results are presented and discussed / MSCRC

<p>Numerical procedures for reliable wheel and rail wearprediction are rare. Recent development of simulationtechniques and computer power together with tribologicalknowledge do however suggest computer aided wear prediction.The objective of the related research field at the RoyalInstitute of Technology (KTH) is to arrive at a numericalprocedure able to simulate profile evolution due to uniformwear to a degree of accuracy sufficient for application tovehicle dynamics simulation. Such a tool would be useful formaintenance planning as well as optimisation of the transportsystem and its components.</p><p>The research contribution accounted for in this thesisincludes, in addition to a literature review, refinement ofmethods applied to uniform wheel wear simulation by inclusionof braking and improvement of the contact model. Further atentative application to uniform rail wheel simulation has beenproposed and tested.</p><p>The first part addresses issues related to braking andwheel-rail contact conditions in the context of wheel wearsimulation. The KTH approach includes Archard’s wear modelwith associated wear maps, vehicle dynamics simulation andrailway network definition. In previous work at KTH certainvariations in operating conditions have been accounted forthrough empirically estimated average scaling factors. Theobjective of the current research is to be able to include suchvariations in the set of simulations. In particular theinfluence of disc braking and varying friction and lubricationconditions are investigated. Both environmental factors likemoist and contamination and deliberate lubrication need to beconsidered. As part of the associated contact analysis theinfluence of tangential elastic deformation of the contactingsurfaces on the sliding velocity has been separatelyinvestigated and found to be essential in case of partial slipcontact conditions.</p><p>In the second part validation of the improvements related towheel wear simulation is addressed. Disc braking has beenincluded in the simulation set and a wear map for moist contactconditions based on recent tribometer tests has been draftedand tested. It has been shown that the previously used brakingfactor accounts for the combination of the contributions fromsurface elasticity and braking. Good agreement withmeasurements from the Stockholm commuter service is achieved.It is concluded that the model improvements accounted for aresufficient for adequate simulation of tread wear but thatfurther development of the flange / gauge corner contactmodelling may be needed.</p><p>In the final part a procedure for simulation of rail wearand corresponding profile evolution has been formulated. Asimulation set is selected defining the vehicles running on thetrack to be investigated, their operating conditions, andcontact parameters. Several variations of input data may beincluded together with the corresponding occurrenceprobability. Trial calculations of four non-lubricated curveswith radii from 303 m to 802 m show qualitatively reasonableresults in terms of profile shape development and difference inwear mechanisms between gauge corner and rail head. The wearrates related to traffic tonnage are however overestimated. Itis believed that model refinements in terms of environmentalinfluence and contact stress calculation are useful to improvethe quantitative results.</p> / QC 20100531

A identificação de características que sejam importantes sobre um dado estudante durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem tem sido alvo de muitos estudos nos últimos tempos. Docentes, coordenadores e pedagogos têm defendido que cada indivíduo possui características particulares e importantes dentro do processo de desenvolvimento do conhecimento. A necessidade de adaptar as estratégias de ensino de acordo com as preferências do aprendiz é uma realidade dentro das salas de aula, sejam estas presenciais ou virtuais. Porém, isto não significa que numa sala de aula deva haver criação de um método para cada aluno, mas sim que se aponte qual a melhor forma de interação para cada um deles construindo grupos de aprendizes com características comuns. Trabalhando desta forma se torna possível identificar perfis de aprendizes dentro de um conjunto de estudantes, possibilitando que se possa trabalhar com conteúdos e ambientes de aprendizagem mais adequados aos aprendizes.O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a arquitetura de um sistema que possibilita a criação de cenários de aprendizagem baseados no perfil do aluno. O docente deve indicar as características que devem ser observadas durante as interações do aprendiz em um dado ambiente de aprendizagem eletrônica. Estas características serão modeladas como informações de contexto, permitindo que os pontos definidos como observáveis sejam organizados e modelados de forma a facilitar a monitoração das interações. A classificação do aluno em um determinando tipo de perfil de aprendizagem, previamente definido pelo docente, é realizado considerando-se as informações sobre o contexto da interação e os tipos de perfis de aprendizagem. Para que seja possível construir os cenários de aprendizagem considerando o perfil do aluno este trabalho propõe criar um relacionamento entre os tipos de perfis de aprendizagem e as estratégias de ensino através das categorias descritoras dos objetos de aprendizagem. / The identification of characteristics of a given student that are important during the teachinglearning process has been the focus of numerous studies in recent years. Teachers, coordinators and pedagogues have defended the notion that each individual presents particular and important characteristics in the developing knowledge process. The need to adapt teaching strategies to the student\'s preferences is a reality in classrooms, being physical or virtual classrooms. However, this does not mean that a method should be created for each student in a classroom, but that the best form of interaction for each of them be identified, building groups of learners with common characteristics. Working in this way makes it possible to identify learner profiles within a group of students, allowing one to work with learning contents and environments more suited to the learners. The objective of this work is to present the architecture of a system that allows for the creation of learning scenarios based on the studen profile. The teacher should point out the features which may be observed during the student interaction in a given e-elearning environment. These features are designed as context information, allowing defined observation points to be organized and modeled for facilitating the monitoring of interactions. The student classification in a given learning profile type, defined previously by the teacher, is realized considering information about the context of interaction and the learning profile types. For the learning environment to build the learning scenarios according to the student profile, this work proposes to create a relationship between the learning profile types and the teaching strategies through the description of learning objects categories.

Neste trabalho foram estudados os perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal e de proteínas de fase aguda (proteinograma) para avaliar possíveis interações com o desempenho reprodutivo em bovinos. Para isso, foram delineados três experimentos. No experimento 1 o objetivo foi verificar se a inseminação artificial (IA) causa alterações nos perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal e de proteínas de fase aguda e estudar as relações entre esses perfis e a hemodinâmica uterina. Foram utilizadas amostras de sangue de vacas Nelore que foram inseminadas (GIA, n=9) ou não (GC, n=9). As amostras foram coletadas 30 horas antes da IA, 4, 24, 48 e 168 horas após a IA. No experimento 2 o objetivo foi estudar os efeitos da qualidade do sêmen sobre o perfil hepático e proteinograma, e estudar a relação dos perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal e proteinograma sobre a vascularização uterina. Foram utilizadas amostras sanguíneas de 362 vacas, que foram divididas em três grupos experimentais de acordo com a qualidade do sêmen: Boa (n=121), Média (n=121) e Regular (n=120). As amostras foram coletadas 30 horas antes da IA, 4 e 24 horas após a IA. Por fim, o experimento 3 é um estudo retrospectivo, realizado com o objetivo de comparar os perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal, e proteínas de fase aguda entre animais prenhes e vazios após a IA, e verificar se há relação entre a hemodinâmica uterina e a fertilidade. Neste experimento, os animais foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais de acordo com o resultado da IA (prenhe, n=76 X vazia, n=45). Em todos os experimentos, nos mesmos momentos da coleta de sangue, foram realizadas avaliações ultrassonográficas do útero no modo color Doppler e espectral. As amostras dos experimentos 1, 2 e 3 foram submetidas à quantificação das proteínas de fase aguda e dos componentes metabólicos utilizando analisador bioquímico automático (RX Daytona) e à dosagem hormonal, pela técnica de radioimunoensaio. Os dados foram analisados pelo PROC MIXED (SAS, versão 9.2, 2010). Foram consideradas diferenças estatísticas quando P&lt;0,05. No experimento 1, os grupos não diferiram quanto aos perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal e proteinograma, no entanto, o RI apresentou correlações positivas com AST e BHB e correlação negativa com estradiol. O estradiol também foi correlacionado com EV, entretanto essa correlação foi positiva. No experimento 2, os animais inseminados com sêmen B, M ou R apresentaram concentrações semelhantes das variáveis do perfil hepático e proteínograma. O RI foi correlacionado positivamente com colesterol, HDL, LDL, e progesterona, e negativamente com glicose, estradiol, albumina e proteína total. Já o EV apresentou correlações negativas com ureia, GGT e cortisol. No experimento 3, os grupos Vazio e Prenhe foram semelhantes quanto aos perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal, proteiograma e hemodinâmica uterina. Sendo assim, conclui-se que o processo da IA e a qualidade do sêmen utilizado não causam alterações sistêmicas, bem como a fertilidade não pode ser explicada por estas alterações. Adicionalmente, a hemodinâmica uterina é correlacionada com diversos parâmetros, no entanto, o padrão vascular do útero não mostrou relação com a fertilidade / In this study, were evaluated kidney, liver, energy, hormonal and acute phase proteins profiles to evaluate the possible interactions with the reproductive performance in cattle. For this, three experiments were designed. In experiment 1 the objective was to verify if artificial insemination (AI) causes changes in renal, liver, energetic, hormonal and acute phase proteins profiles and to study the relationship between these profiles and uterine hemodynamics. Blood samples from inseminated (GIA, n = 9) or non inseminated Nellore cows (CG, n = 9) were used. Samples were collected 30 hours before AI, 4, 24, 48 and 168 hours after AI. In experiment 2 the objective was to study the effects of semen quality on liver and protein profiles and study the relationship of renal, liver, energetic, hormonal and protein profiles on uterine vascularization. Blood samples of 362 cows were used, which were divided into three groups according to semen quality: Good (n = 121), medium (n = 121) and Regular (n = 1200. Samples were collected 30 hours before AI, 4 and 24 hours after AI. Finally, experiment 3 is a retrospective study, carried out in order to compare the renal, liver, energetic, hormonal, and acute phase proteins profiles between pregnant and non pregnant animals after AI, and check for relationship between uterine hemodynamics and fertility. In this experiment, animals were divided into two groups according to the result of AI (pregnant, n = 76 and non pregnant, n = 45). In all experiments, at the same time of blood sampling were performed sonographic evaluations of the uterus in color Doppler and spectral mode. The samples of experiments 1, 2 and 3 were subjected to quantification of acute phase proteins and metabolic components using automatic biochemical analyzer (RX Daytona) and to hormone dosage, by radioimmunoassay. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS, version 9.2, 2010). Statistics differences were considered when P&lt;0,05. In experiment 1, the groups did not differ about kidney, liver, energetic, hormonal and protein profiles, however, the RI showed positive correlations with AST and BHB and negative correlation with estradiol. Estradiol was also correlated with EV, however this correlation was positive. In experiment 2, the animals inseminated with semen B, M or R showed similar concentrations of the variables of liver and proteinogram profiles. The RI was positively correlated with cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and progesterone, and negatively with glucose, estradiol, albumin and total protein. EV showed negative correlations with urea, GGT and cortisol. In Experiment 3, the non pregnant and pregnant groups were similar about kidney, liver, energetic, hormonal, proteiogram profiles and uterine hemodynamics. Thus, in this study were not observed systemic changes caused by AI process and by quality of semen, and systemic differences did not notice is between non pregnant and pregnant animals. Additionally, uterine hemodynamic is correlated with various parameters, however, the vascular pattern of the uterus was not correlated with fertility

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 basile_lg_dr_arafcf.pdf: 670937 bytes, checksum: 31ebc03d1e00fdb390d2c7cfc07fe252 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do consumo diário de suco de laranja pasteurizado sobre o estado nutricional, perfil lipídico, glicêmico e hemodinânico de 21 mulheres e 20 homens funcionários de uma universidade privada no município de São José do Rio Preto (SP). As mulheres receberam 500 mL de suco de laranja pasteurizado por dia e os homens 750 mL durante 8 semanas. Os métodos utilizados para a avaliação antropométrica foram: peso, altura, dobra cutânea tricipital, circunferência do braço e circunferência da cintura. Para a avaliação bioquímica foram realizadas dosagens de colesterol total, colesterol de HDL, triglicérides e glicemia. Para a avaliação hemodinâmica foram verificadas a pressão arterial sistólica e a diastólica. E para a avaliação dietética foi utilizado o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e o questionário de freqüência alimentar. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas antes e após o período experimental. Os resultados mostraram que o colesterol total reduziu em 8,6% entre os homens e 4,8% entre as mulheres e o colesterol de LDL em 8,8% entre os homens e 9,5% entre as mulheres após a ingestão do suco de laranja pasteurizado. O colesterol de HDL aumentou em 4,1% entre as participantes do sexo feminino; e a glicemia de jejum, pressão arterial diastólica e triglicérides diminuíram respectivamente em 4,7%, 7,9% e 9,3% entre os participantes do sexo masculino. Não foram verificadas modificações nas variáveis antropométricas, com exceção da circunferência da cintura que reduziu 2,5% entre as participantes do sexo feminino. O consumo do suco de laranja pasteurizado aumentou a ingestão de energia (23,5%) e carboidratos (29,3%) pelas mulheres; de vitamina C em 261,9% pelos homens e 72,1% pelas mulheres; e de folato em 53,2% pelos homens e 38,7% pelas mulheres. A análise sensorial mostrou que os participantes aprovaram... / This study aimed at analyzing the effect of daily consumption of pasteurized orange juice on the nutritional status and glycemic, lipid and hemodynamic profiles of 20 men and 21 women employees of a private university in the city of São José do Rio Preto (SP). Women received 500 mL of pasteurized orange juice daily and men, 750 mL, for 8 weeks. The used methods for the anthropometric evaluation were: weight, height, triceps skinfold, arm circumference and waist circumference. For the biochemical evaluation were performed measurements of total cholesterol, cholesterol of high density lipoprotein, triglycerids and glycemia. For the hemodynamic evaluation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was verified. For the dietetics evaluation was used the 24-hour food recollection and food frequency questionnaire. All evaluations were taken before and after the experimental period. The results have shown that the total cholesterol reduced 8,6% among men and 4,8% among women and cholesterol of low-density lipoprotein 8,8% among men and 9,5% among women after pasteurized orange juice ingestion. Cholesterol of high density lipoprotein has increased in 4,1% among the female participants, and fasting glycemia, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerids have decreased respectively in 4,7%, 7,9% and 9,3% among the male. Alterations on anthropometric variables were not shown, except on waist circumference, which has reduced 2,5% among female participants. Pasteurized orange juice consumption has increased women’s intake of energy (23,5%) and carbohydrates (29,3%) by women; the vitamin C in 261,9% by men and 72,1% by women; and folate in 53,2% by men and 38,7% by women. Sensory analysis has shown participants approved the quality of the product and added it easily to their regular diet. In brief, the study has shown that the regular ingestion of pasteurized orange juice, with daily doses of 500 mL for... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Neste trabalho foram estudados os perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal e de proteínas de fase aguda (proteinograma) para avaliar possíveis interações com o desempenho reprodutivo em bovinos. Para isso, foram delineados três experimentos. No experimento 1 o objetivo foi verificar se a inseminação artificial (IA) causa alterações nos perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal e de proteínas de fase aguda e estudar as relações entre esses perfis e a hemodinâmica uterina. Foram utilizadas amostras de sangue de vacas Nelore que foram inseminadas (GIA, n=9) ou não (GC, n=9). As amostras foram coletadas 30 horas antes da IA, 4, 24, 48 e 168 horas após a IA. No experimento 2 o objetivo foi estudar os efeitos da qualidade do sêmen sobre o perfil hepático e proteinograma, e estudar a relação dos perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal e proteinograma sobre a vascularização uterina. Foram utilizadas amostras sanguíneas de 362 vacas, que foram divididas em três grupos experimentais de acordo com a qualidade do sêmen: Boa (n=121), Média (n=121) e Regular (n=120). As amostras foram coletadas 30 horas antes da IA, 4 e 24 horas após a IA. Por fim, o experimento 3 é um estudo retrospectivo, realizado com o objetivo de comparar os perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal, e proteínas de fase aguda entre animais prenhes e vazios após a IA, e verificar se há relação entre a hemodinâmica uterina e a fertilidade. Neste experimento, os animais foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais de acordo com o resultado da IA (prenhe, n=76 X vazia, n=45). Em todos os experimentos, nos mesmos momentos da coleta de sangue, foram realizadas avaliações ultrassonográficas do útero no modo color Doppler e espectral. As amostras dos experimentos 1, 2 e 3 foram submetidas à quantificação das proteínas de fase aguda e dos componentes metabólicos utilizando analisador bioquímico automático (RX Daytona) e à dosagem hormonal, pela técnica de radioimunoensaio. Os dados foram analisados pelo PROC MIXED (SAS, versão 9.2, 2010). Foram consideradas diferenças estatísticas quando P&lt;0,05. No experimento 1, os grupos não diferiram quanto aos perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal e proteinograma, no entanto, o RI apresentou correlações positivas com AST e BHB e correlação negativa com estradiol. O estradiol também foi correlacionado com EV, entretanto essa correlação foi positiva. No experimento 2, os animais inseminados com sêmen B, M ou R apresentaram concentrações semelhantes das variáveis do perfil hepático e proteínograma. O RI foi correlacionado positivamente com colesterol, HDL, LDL, e progesterona, e negativamente com glicose, estradiol, albumina e proteína total. Já o EV apresentou correlações negativas com ureia, GGT e cortisol. No experimento 3, os grupos Vazio e Prenhe foram semelhantes quanto aos perfis renal, hepático, energético, hormonal, proteiograma e hemodinâmica uterina. Sendo assim, conclui-se que o processo da IA e a qualidade do sêmen utilizado não causam alterações sistêmicas, bem como a fertilidade não pode ser explicada por estas alterações. Adicionalmente, a hemodinâmica uterina é correlacionada com diversos parâmetros, no entanto, o padrão vascular do útero não mostrou relação com a fertilidade / In this study, were evaluated kidney, liver, energy, hormonal and acute phase proteins profiles to evaluate the possible interactions with the reproductive performance in cattle. For this, three experiments were designed. In experiment 1 the objective was to verify if artificial insemination (AI) causes changes in renal, liver, energetic, hormonal and acute phase proteins profiles and to study the relationship between these profiles and uterine hemodynamics. Blood samples from inseminated (GIA, n = 9) or non inseminated Nellore cows (CG, n = 9) were used. Samples were collected 30 hours before AI, 4, 24, 48 and 168 hours after AI. In experiment 2 the objective was to study the effects of semen quality on liver and protein profiles and study the relationship of renal, liver, energetic, hormonal and protein profiles on uterine vascularization. Blood samples of 362 cows were used, which were divided into three groups according to semen quality: Good (n = 121), medium (n = 121) and Regular (n = 1200. Samples were collected 30 hours before AI, 4 and 24 hours after AI. Finally, experiment 3 is a retrospective study, carried out in order to compare the renal, liver, energetic, hormonal, and acute phase proteins profiles between pregnant and non pregnant animals after AI, and check for relationship between uterine hemodynamics and fertility. In this experiment, animals were divided into two groups according to the result of AI (pregnant, n = 76 and non pregnant, n = 45). In all experiments, at the same time of blood sampling were performed sonographic evaluations of the uterus in color Doppler and spectral mode. The samples of experiments 1, 2 and 3 were subjected to quantification of acute phase proteins and metabolic components using automatic biochemical analyzer (RX Daytona) and to hormone dosage, by radioimmunoassay. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS, version 9.2, 2010). Statistics differences were considered when P&lt;0,05. In experiment 1, the groups did not differ about kidney, liver, energetic, hormonal and protein profiles, however, the RI showed positive correlations with AST and BHB and negative correlation with estradiol. Estradiol was also correlated with EV, however this correlation was positive. In experiment 2, the animals inseminated with semen B, M or R showed similar concentrations of the variables of liver and proteinogram profiles. The RI was positively correlated with cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and progesterone, and negatively with glucose, estradiol, albumin and total protein. EV showed negative correlations with urea, GGT and cortisol. In Experiment 3, the non pregnant and pregnant groups were similar about kidney, liver, energetic, hormonal, proteiogram profiles and uterine hemodynamics. Thus, in this study were not observed systemic changes caused by AI process and by quality of semen, and systemic differences did not notice is between non pregnant and pregnant animals. Additionally, uterine hemodynamic is correlated with various parameters, however, the vascular pattern of the uterus was not correlated with fertility

<p>Today there exist several systems that lack usability. The reasons are, among others, the pressure to add more features in the system, but also that focus has been earlier on technology and functionality. It becomes more important to think of the user, so that systems can be more usable. By focusing on the user, the user experience can enhance, which results in more satisfied users.</p><p>User involvement in the system development process is one way to learn and receive information about the user. There are several ways of doing that. One way is to create user portraits from existing user models. We have studied different user models and lack a model that includes both tasks and goals; for example one of the existing models focus on user goals and another on relations with the system.</p><p>The purpose with this final thesis is to create a model to describe users as roles providing a more effective and generalized user-centered system development process.</p><p>To create this model, the role profile model, we studied existing theories. By them we were influenced both by good and less good things. The theoretical study resulted in a tentative model that we tested by interview and observe six buyers within the manufacturing industry. This resulted in two role profiles; the strategic buyer and purchase planner. From the result of the interviews and observations, we improved the tentative role profile model to our final model. There were some factors that did not fit in the tentative model and some that we added.</p><p>The role profile model contains three elements; objectives, requirements and context. These elements consist of a number of attributes that are important when surveying a role profile. The uniqueness with the role profile model is the fact that it includes both role specific attributes and attributes that puts the role profile into a context. The model contains for example work process, system requirements, responsibility and authority.</p><p>The role profile is at part of a greater context. There are design philosophies that concern the whole system development process; from survey the user to design and test. Our role profile model only handles the first parts, the user and tasks, due to the time limitations.</p><p>We have created a practical procedure that we recommend to facilitate the usage of the role profile model. The practical procedure is based on our choices of method when testing the tentative role profile model. The central in our practical procedure are interviews and observations. It is important to plan the company visits so that all necessary information is received.</p><p>The usage of the role profile can for example contribute with: knowledge and understanding of the users, structured work procedure, a generally accepted terminology and a user-centered design process.</p><p>This final thesis has been performed on commission of Lawson Software. We had continuously discussions with them about usability and the role profile model. We have studied fields of applications for the role profile model at Lawson. We think they can use the model in the product requirement process, design and evaluation, work with composite applications, user understanding and user priority and introduction of new employees.</p> / <p>Idag finns det ett flertal system som har bristande användar¬vänlighet. Detta beror bland annat på påtryckningar att lägga till fler funktioner i systemen, men också på att det bakåt i tiden har fokuserats på att utveckla system utifrån teknologi och funktionalitet. Det blir allt viktigare att tänka på användaren så att systemen blir mer användarvänliga. Genom att fokusera på användaren kan man öka användarupplevelsen i systemet och det medför att användarna blir nöjdare.</p><p>Att involvera användaren i utvecklingsprocessen är ett sätt att lära känna och få information om användaren. Det finns många sätt att göra det på. Ett sätt är att skapa användarporträtt med hjälp av olika befintliga användarmodeller. Vi har studerat olika användarmodeller och sett att det saknas en användarmodell som inkluderar både fokus på användarens arbetsprocess och dess mål; till exempel en av de existerande modellerna fokuserar på användarens mål och en annan på relationer med system.</p><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att skapa en modell som beskriver användare som roller, som bidrar till en effektivare och bredare användar¬centrerad systemutvecklingsprocess.</p><p>För att ta fram denna modell, rollprofilsmodellen, studerade vi som sagt existerande teorier. Från dem påverkades vi både av delar som vi tyckte var bra och mindre bra. Vi kom fram till en hypotesmodell som vi testade genom att intervjua och observera sex inköpare på tillverkande företag. Detta resulterade i två rollprofiler; den strategiska inköparen och inköpsplaneraren. Utifrån resultaten av intervjuerna och observationerna förbättrade vi hypotesen till vår slutliga modell. Det fanns vissa faktorer som vi inte tyckte passade in, men även attribut som borde läggas till.</p><p>Rollprofilsmodellen innehåller tre delar; mål, krav och kontext. Dessa delar består av ett antal attribut som är viktiga att undersöka hos den rollprofil som ska skapas. Det som utmärker rollprofilsmodellen är att den inkluderar både roll¬speci¬fika mål och attribut som sätter rollprofilen i en kontext. Modellen innehåller till exempel relationer, krav, ansvar och befogenheter.</p><p>Rollprofilen är en del av en större kontext. Det finns designfilosofier som berör hela systemutvecklingsprocessen; från att kartlägga användaren till att designa och testa. På grund av tidsbegränsningar har vi enbart berört de första av dessa delar; användaren och arbetsuppgifter.</p><p>För att underlätta användandet av rollprofilen har vi skapat ett rekommenderat praktiskt tillvägagångssätt. Detta är baserat på våra egna metodval när vi testade vår hypotesmodell. Det centrala i det praktiska tillvägagångssättet är intervjuer och observa¬tioner. Det är viktigt att planera noggrant så att all nödvändig informa¬tion erhålls.</p><p>Användandet av rollprofilen kan till exempel bidra till: kunskap och förståelse av användaren, ett strukturerat arbetssätt, en allmänt accepterad terminologi samt en användar¬centrerad utvecklingsprocess.</p><p>Detta examensarbete har utförts på uppdrag av Lawson Software, med vilka vi kontinuer¬ligt har fört diskussioner om användbarhet och rollprofilsmodellen med mera. Vi har även utforskat vilka potentiella användningsområden som rollprofilen har på Lawson. Lawson skulle kunna använda modellen i kravhanteringsprocessen, design och utvärdering, arbete med komposita applikationer, användarförståelse och priori¬teringar samt intro¬ducerande av nyanställda.</p>

Design, Grafiskt program, Symbol, Hair

On the basis of coastal disaster mitigation and protection, a beach must have sufficient width for preventing the destruction to public facilities, as well as protecting the safety of life and private property during storm events. The requirement of such a horizontal extent from the initial shoreline to the probable erosion landward to safeguard against the onslaught of a storm is referred to as ¡¥storm beach buffer width¡¦. Upon neglecting the effects of global warming and sealevel rise on a beach and berm with profile in equilibrium, numerical calculations are conducted first to validate the range of the most important parameters (K »P £` ) in the SBEACH model using the results of profile changes available from the CERC¡¦s large wave tank (LWT) tests in 1960s. These results are then applied to assess the profile changes for a beach with a vertical seawall and the other without sufficient berm, subject to the normal incidence of storm waves over a specific duration. Finally, a total of 48 cases with sufficient beach width are then investigated, from which a multiple linear regression model is proposed to determine the extent of berm retreat, as well as the location and height of a submerged offshore bar, for the benefit of coastal profession on preliminary design of storm buffer. Our modeling results using SBEACH reveal that: (1) A seawall without or with insufficient fronting beach could result in serious scour at its toe and even the total loss of the entire beach berm; (2) A beach with sufficient berm, natural or artificially nourished, is capable of protecting the back beach, despite the temporary erosion in the early hours of a storm action; (3) Under the same conditions of wave height and period, a wide buffer is necessary for a beach with small mean sand grain, and the berm height should be designed at 1.6 times of the designed storm surge level, in order to effectively absorb storm wave energy and maintain the provision of a storm buffer; and (4) The multiple linear regression model proposed in this study can be used to evaluate the scour depth and retreat of the berm, as well as the width of a storm beach buffer, upon the input of wave conditions and mean beach sand grain etc.