Peer crowd affiliation (PCA) has been linked to alcohol use in adolescents, with patterns varying by crowd. However, a comprehensive examination of how peers influence college students’ behaviors, especially with regards to PCA, is lacking. The current study seeks to replicate and extend findings from Barber, Eccles, and Stone (2001) by examining whether high school PCA is associated with average weekly drinking and problematic drinking in a sample of college freshman, including friends’ drinking as a potential mediator and susceptibility to peer influence as a potential moderator. As existing research has found that close friends’ drinking predicts own drinking, peer influence may be the mechanism by which PCA is associated with alcohol use and problems in college. College students (N = 490) completed questionnaires assessing high school PCA, problematic drinking, and alcohol use habits among 3 close college friends, as well as a life history calendar of alcohol use. Hypotheses were tested using Preacher & Hayes bootstrapping mediation approach and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicated positive associations between affiliation with Popular or Jock crowds and weekly and problematic drinking in college, and negative associations for affiliation with the Brain crowd. Support for mediation by friends’ alcohol use was found.

Virtualios komandos tapo įprastu reiškiniu šiomis dienomis. Informacinių technologijų naudojimas įgalino žmones, gyvenančius skirtingose pasaulio šalyse dirbti kartu net nepaliekant savo namų. Šio mokslinio darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti virtualių komandų darbo problematiką. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize, nustačiau, kokios yra virtualių komandų atsiradimo priežastys, kilmė, savybės bei tokių komandų klasifikavimo ypatumus. Taip pat nustatyta, kad dirbant virtualioje aplinkoje susiduriama su šešiomis probleminėmis sritimis: kultūriniai (geografiniai) skirtumai, pasitikėjimas komandos nariais, bendravimas, bendro tikslo suvokimo trūkumas, darbo koordinavimo problemos, techninės problemos. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize ir tradicinių komandų tyrimo modeliais, sukurtas naujas virtualios komandos veikimo tyrimo modelis. Remiantis išskirtomis probleminėmis sritimis, kurios aktualios dirbant virtualioje aplinkoje, iškeltos trys hipotezės H1: virtualios komandos lyderio vaidmuo sąlygoja komandinio pagrindo formavimąsi virtualioje komandoje, H2: darbo koordinavimo problemos virtualioje komandoje sąlygoja atliekamų darbų terminų nesilaikymą ir H3: dažnesnis virtualios komandos narių tarpusavio bendravimas virtualioje aplinkoje sąlygoja galutinio rezultato (siekiamo tikslo) kokybę. Išanalizavus atlikto tyrimo gautus rezultatus nustatyta, kad hipotezė H1 pasitvirtino, hipotezė H2 pasitvirtino tik iš dalies, o hipotezė H3 nepasitvirtino. Tyrimo rezultatų pagalba taip pat... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Virtual teams had become a common appearance in nowadays. The usage of informational technology made it possible for people around the world to work together without even leaving their own houses. The purpose of this research was to analyze the work problematic in virtual teams. With reference to nonfiction literature analysis, in this research I‘ve analyzed the origination of virtual teams, reasons, why such form of teams were created, their features and main peculiarities of their classification. I’ve also determined that there are six problematic areas that occur while working in virtual environment: cultural (geographical) differences, communication, trust, technical problems, work coordination problems and lack of shared goal. I’ve also created a research model of virtual team’s working based on traditional team’s models. Based on problematic areas, those occur while working in virtual environment, I’ve formulated three hypotheses: H1: leader’s part influences the formation of team’s base in virtual teams, H2: work coordination problems in virtual teams influence the teams being late and not being able to finish their work on time and H3: more frequent communication between team members in virtual environment influence the quality of team’s results. According to the results obtained after the performed research, H1 was confirmed, H2 was confirmed only partly and H3 wasn’t confirmed at all. The results of the research also helped to supplement the problematic areas... [to full text]

ill this study the interpersonal relationships and especially problematic communication within the family context is of paramount concern. The focus on communication, specifically in the family system, with a view to Biblically restoring communication in problematic interpersonal relationships gives the present study validity and value; this is especially true in the context of family systems in SOllth Africa. The family system in South Africa is under pressure and the. pastoral care giver is, subsequently, also under pressure to provide accurate counselling and intercession when needed to the family as a whole. This study aims to satisfY that need in focusing on restoring communication in problematic interpersonal relationships in the family system from a Bible-centred (Christian) perspective. The areas that the researcher investigated centred on communication in problematic interpersonal family relationships and the way in which communication problems in a particular family system may contribute to the potential problems that the family as a unit may have to cope with. The researcher worked with the hypothesis that problematic communiCation in interfamilial relationships may severely impede the family system in functioning as an allied unit against the pressures of life (for instance fmancial challenges, work stress). If family communication patterns were healthy or at least functional, the hypothesis is that all other problems that a family might face could be handled more easily by a family as an allied unit. The research question of this study is: How can families, with problematic interpersonal familial relationships, be counselled from a Biblical perspective with the primary objective of restoring communication in the family system? Can effective Bible-centred counselling guidelines be set down and developed from a study of family systems as depicted in Scripture, the human sciences and an empirical study in order to restore communication in problematic interpersonal relationships in the family system? This study shows that problematic communication in interfamilial relationships does impede the family system from functioning effectively. Interpersonal relationships in the family system is often complex and communication is only one element present in those relationships which can have a detrimental effect on good family relationships if communication is strained. The overarching research aim of the study was to obtain, develop and put forth Bible-centered praxis-theoretical guidelines on restoring communication in family systems caught up in problematic interpersonal relationships. The conclusion of this study is that families with problematic interpersonal familial relationships can be effectively counselled from a Biblical perspective with the aid of material from the human sciences with the primary objective of restoring communication in the family system. / Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

Traditional socialization theories suggest that parents shape their children, and parents’ socialization strategies are decided upon largely independent of the children. These ideas, however, have received criticism. In this dissertation, I focus on how children and adolescents influence their parents’ behaviors. Specifically, I examine parents’ reactions to problematic behaviors in their adolescents. In the three studies, I presented theoretical models that offered explanations why parents react as they do to problematic behaviors in their adolescents. In these models, parents’ cognitions worked as mechanisms to explain their subsequent reactions. The overall pattern in the studies was that parents tended to shift in cognitions about their own role as parents and their adolescents’ behaviors when they were faced with problematic behaviors, which influenced their behaviors toward their adolescents. In Study I, parents became less strictly opposed to adolescent drinking when they encountered their adolescents intoxicated. This reaction was explained by a reduction in dissonance between their attitudes to adolescent drinking and their knowledge of their own adolescents’ drinking. In Study II and Study III, parents of adolescents with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention problems (HIA) reported that their adolescents did not respond to their attempts to correct their behaviors. This cognition made them feel powerless and, as a consequence, they increased in negative behaviors and decreased in positive parenting strategies. In these two studies, parents decreased in their thoughts of being able to deal with their adolescents’ misbehaviors. In addition, as was shown in the third study, these cognitions seem to be influenced by parents’ earlier experiences with their first-born children. In sum, the results of this dissertation suggest that adolescents influence their parents’ cognitions and behaviors. Further, the results highlight the importance of focusing on how parents’ ways of thinking influence their parenting strategies.

This thesis is an exploration of professional behaviour in health care settings, using a Model of Treatment Engagement that is developed as a tool for ethics critique. The Model is tested and refined using data on: a psychiatric ???treatment??? carried out on over 1,127 occasions in a 15 - 40 bed non-acute hospital during the period 1961-1979; the problematic withdrawal of all life-support from a 37 year old man who had suffered acute brain trauma some five days previously, in a tertiary hospital in March 2000; and a clinical experiment recently proposed for the emergency setting and intended to encompass five hospitals and the NSW Ambulance Service. In each case, the Model proves useful in identifying the shift from the treatment paradigm and the ethical imperative of ensuring the patient (or his/her agent) appreciates the difference between what is proposed and what would normally be done. It reveals how doctors who dealt with the patient but did not decide on treatment contributed to ethically troublesome practice. It clarifies how having multiple doctor players in the treatment situation gave rise to the need to suppress dissenting views. Doctors who were close enough to the action to comprehend its nature, by not dissenting, reinforced the problematic choice for the actor and validated it in the eyes of observers. The lack of dissent at the level of doctors working under supervision, appeared to be a function of institutional arrangements. At the consultant level, there was evidence of pressure to concur from other consultants and indirect evidence of a fear of ostracism. The public responses in the two modern cases point to there being a strong idea in Sydney???s medical community that dissent should not be publicly displayed once a decision on how to treat has been made. I conclude there are two steps to reviewing ethically problematic treatment situations. The first consists of identifying the shift from the treatment paradigm. The second consists of establishing why the problematic choice is translated into action. The Treatment Engagement Model is put forward as a useful tool for both these analyses.

As the number of social media platforms on the market is continuously increasing, concerns and questions about their effects on mental health are also rising. The current study explored the relationship between the problematic use of social media, the absent-minded scrolling behavior, and levels of anxiety. One hundred and fifty-four participants were given an online questionnaire to assess their manners of social media use focusing on the social media scrolling experience and self-reported anxiety levels using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment tool (GAD-7). There were strong and positive relationships between the problematic use of social media platforms and the absent-minded scrolling behavior, with a statistically significant relationship with levels of anxiety. Results indicated that social media scrolling is becoming a problematic habit that helps users escape their reality and avoid problems.

Submitted by Priscila Duarte Baldini Vacari null (priscila_duartebaldini@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-02T01:42:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Priscila Duarte Baldini Vacari - VERSÃO ENTREGUE.pdf: 1013078 bytes, checksum: d4fe1d8e21c1d277486b95393b6a2db5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-04-02T13:11:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vacari_pdb_me_sjrp.pdf: 1013078 bytes, checksum: d4fe1d8e21c1d277486b95393b6a2db5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T13:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vacari_pdb_me_sjrp.pdf: 1013078 bytes, checksum: d4fe1d8e21c1d277486b95393b6a2db5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo fazer uma leitura analítica da personagem central da obra Madame Bovary, a senhora Emma Bovary, discorrendo sobre três eixos fundamentais: os desacordos de Emma com o outro, consigo mesma e o conflito com o mundo. Nossa interpretação, tendo por base o ensaio de Vargas Llosa (2015) e a crítica de James Wood (2014), a observou como a personagem da consciência infeliz e do constante tédio e insatisfação pessoal. Dentre alguns aspectos, ela fugiria das figuras de tipo idealizado de conduta feminina que seriam conhecidas por intermédio das mulheres da sociedade burguesa europeia do século XIX, pois seus gestos e comportamentos, durante todo o romance, seriam marcados por uma ideia de “virilidade” (Vargas Llosa), que foge aos padrões românticos e bem comportados de figuração feminina. Tendo em vista tratarmos de um romance considerado uma “narrativa moderna de ficção” (James Wood), abordamos alguns apontamentos acerca da noção de modernidade e modernidade literária. Adentramos, também, em uma breve discussão acerca das teorias sobre o romance, enquanto gênero inacabado e realista, que representou a sociedade burguesa e fez emergir a figura do herói romanesco, um indivíduo problemático. Nesse sentido, a partir dos três desacordos analisados, apuramos a estratégia de Gustave Flaubert em utilizar uma mulher como precursora do que se configurou como herói problemático. Observamos, assim, como um dos grandes romances realistas do século XIX foi construído a partir de uma personagem com toda a complexidade de seus anseios, maneiras de agir e vontades, que acabou por se converter em uma das mais emblemáticas heroínas dos romances modernos. / The purpose of the present work was to do an analytical reading of the central character of Madame Bovary, Mrs. Emma Bovary, on three fundamental lines: Emma's disagreements with others, with herself and the conflict with the world. Our interpretation, based on Vargas Llosa's essay (2015) and James Wood's critique (2012), saw her as the character of unhappy consciousness, constant boredom and personal dissatisfaction. In some aspects, she would run away from idealized feminine-type characters that would be known through the women from the nineteenth-century European bourgeois society, because her gestures and behavior, throughout the novel, would be marked by an idea of "virility" (Vargas Llosa), which escapes the romantic and well-behaved patterns of feminine figuration. Knowing that the novel is considered a "modern narrative of fiction" (James Wood), we have approached some notes about the notion of modernity and literary modernity. We have also searched about a brief discussion of the theories of a romance, as an unfinished and realistic genre, that represented bourgeois society and came up with the image of the romantic hero, a problematic individual. That way, based on the three disagreements analyzed, we found out the great strategy of Gustave Flaubert in using a woman as a precursor of what was set as a problematic hero. Thus we can see how one of the great realist novels of the nineteenth-century was built up from a character with all the complexity of her yearnings, ways of acting and wills, which became one of the most emblematic heroines of modern novels.

ABSTRACT The increasingly competitive nature of the manufacturing industry has forced manufacturers to examine alternatives to traditional management philosophies. Although lean's success had been proven it was not uncommon for companies that opt to implement lean concepts to meet with mixed results and sometimes even outright failure. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between organizational characteristics and issues associated with lean implementation. The study identified the following organizational characteristics (a) organizational leadership, (b) organizational culture, and (c) organizational change and examined the role each played in lean implementation efforts. The study also looked at sixteen individual (d) intrinsic organizational characteristics to determine the extent to which each impacted lean implementation efforts. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative research tools. The qualitative component utilized both document analysis and interviews. The interviews were conducted with area business leaders who were members of the Department of Technology's Industrial Advisory Committee at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. The quantitative component utilized a separate on-line survey that was developed and administered to members of the Illinois Manufacturers' Association. Results indicated highly capable leadership was the number one indicator of success for organizations that made the transition to lean. Other key factors included communication channels with an effective feedback system, the development of collaborative relationships between management and employees, being well versed in the practice of change management, and understanding how to effect change of cultural mores within an organization. The implications of understanding how the organizational characteristics discussed in the study affected lean implementation empowered organizations to effect change more successfully. The goal of implementing lean successfully required much more than a step by step process of implementing the lean tools in a particular order. It required a broad understanding of the things which cannot be seen; things such as, what constitutes highly capable leadership, knowing how to change the mores of organizational culture, and understanding how to overcome the barriers to successful change management. Understanding these complex relationships provided the basis upon which to advance lean implementation theory where it had been only marginally successful.

This thesis aims to give the reader general overview of Economic value added (later EVA) and is focused on analysis of problematic aspects of EVA. Firstly there are some theoretical materials regarding EVA following the analysis of chosen company. In the end there is a summary of the analysis. In the first part there are theoretical materials from home and foreign authors describing the problematic of EVA together with the formulas used in the second part. The second part is the analysis of the chosen company. Building on the theoretical materials in the first part author adjust the accounting data, calculate the EVA for the years of the analysis and compare them with the accounting data in accordance with the goal of the thesis. Then he makes a suggestion for improvement and calculates its benefits. Lastly he makes some examples of problematic aspects of EVA. The thesis ends with summary of the analysis and with the contribution of the author.

För att få plats med alla nya bostäder behöver städer växa. Många städer har ökat i area vilkethar lett till att grönmark försvunnit och att behovet av transporter ökat. Ett annat sätt att lösastädernas tillväxt är att förtäta dessa. Förtätning innebär att den mark som redan är bebyggdexploateras ytterligare. Detta kan göras på flera olika vis. Befintliga byggnader kan rivas föratt ge plats åt bättre planerade, eller högre byggnader. Befintliga byggnader kan byggas tilleller byggas på. Ett annat sätt att förtäta är att ändra användandet av gamla byggnader frånexempelvis lagerlokaler till bostäder, eller riva hela områden av gamla byggnader för attåteruppbygga dessa med tätare och högre bebyggelse.Detta examensarbetet fokuseras på vertikala förtätningen som innebär att stadens befintligasilhuett förhöjs. Befintliga byggnader byggs på på höjden, källare och vindar inreds tillbostäder eller befintliga byggnader rivs och ersätts med nya högre byggnader. Precis som vidall typ av förtätning uppkommer vissa problem vid vertikal förtätning. Syftet med dennarapport är att definiera problemen vid vertikal förtätning samt hur dessa problem undviksgenom att använda lättbyggnadselement.Dagsljuskraven som finns i BBR styr när nya byggnader skall projekteras. En viss tillgång tilldagsljus skall finnas i alla rum där man vistas mer än tillfälligt. När nya högre byggnaderuppförs ändras tillgången på dagsljus för intilliggande byggnader och områden vilket kan blimycket problematiskt då det inte finns regelverk som styr detta.Vidare innebär högre hus att ljudet från staden kommer studsa och spridas annorlunda äninnan. Flera människor och funktioner på samma ställe, vilket blir en naturlig förlängning aven förtätning, gör också att bullernivåerna ökar.Vertikal förtätning av städerna medför nya utmaningar även vad gäller brandskyddet. När husbyggs på inryms inte bara fler människor utan ibland även nya verksamheter, vilket leder tillatt nya krav rörande brandsäkerheten måste tillgodoses. Att bygga på nya våningar på redanbefintliga byggnader ger större brandtekniska utmaningar än om ett nytt hus byggs på marken.De fastigheter som skall byggas på uppfördes ofta när andra brandkrav gällde, varför ävendessa måste anpassas för att möta de nya brandskyddskraven.Även tillgängligheten i byggnader är en viktig aspekt att ha i beaktning när påbyggnationerskall göras. Om en byggnad överstiger tre våningar krävs att hiss finns för att rullstolsburnaskall ha tillgång till byggnaden. Dessa regler gäller både vid uppförande av nya byggnader,likväl som vid ändring av befintliga byggnader. De nya våningsplanen måste uppfyllasamtliga krav som ställs i BBR avseende tillgänglighet.Ett problem som blir uppenbart när ytterligare våningar ska byggas ovanpå redan befintligahus är hur den befintliga byggnaden skall klara att bära upp de nya våningarna. Därför måstealltid en rigorös utredning av detta göras innan en påbyggnad påbörjas. För att minskabelastningen på befintlig byggnation kan påbyggnad göras med hjälp av lättbyggnadselement.Rörande de olika problemområden som framkommit kan ses att det egentligen endast är ihänseendet statik de olika påbyggnadsmetoderna skiljer sig nämnvärt åt. I de flesta områdenses ingen större skillnad alls. / In order to accommodate all new homes, cities need to grow. Many cities have increased inarea, which has led to the disappearance of parks and fields and increased the need fortransport. Another way to solve urban growth is to densify them. Densifying means that theland already built is further exploited. This can be done in several different ways. Existingbuildings can be demolished to accommodate better planned or higher buildings. Existingbuildings can be increased in both horizontal and vertical measures. Another way to densify isto change the use of old buildings from, for example, warehouses to homes, or demolishentire areas of old buildings to rebuild them with denser and higher settlements.This report is focused on the vertical densification means that the city's existing silhouette isenhanced. Existing buildings are built on at the heights, basement and attics are furnished tohomes or existing buildings torn and replaced with new higher buildings. As with any type ofdensification, some problems occur in vertical densification. The purpose of this report is todefine the problems of vertical densification and how to avoid these problems by usinglightweight elements.The daylight requirements contained in BBR must be taken under consideration when newbuildings are to be planned. There are supposed to be a certain amount of daylight in allrooms in an apartment where you stay more than temporary. When new higher buildings arebuilt, the availability of daylight for adjacent buildings and areas changes, which can be veryproblematic as there are no regulations that control this. Moreover, higher houses mean thatthe noise from the city will bounce and spread differently than before. Several people andfunctions in the same place, which will be a natural extension of a densification, will alsoincrease noise levels.Vertical densification of cities poses new challenges even regarding the fire protection. Whenhouses are built higher, not only more people but sometimes even other businesses is situatedinto the building which often entails new requirements regarding fire safety must be met.Building on new floors on existing buildings gives greater fire-tech challenges than if a newhouse is being built on the ground. The properties to be built on were often imposed whenother fire requirements applied, so even these must be adapted to meet the new fire protectionrequirements.The accessibility of buildings is also an important aspect to be taken under considerationwhen constructions are to be made. If a building exceeds three floors, a lift is required forwheelchair users to have access to the building. These rules apply to the construction of newbuildings as well as to the alteration of existing buildings. The new floor plan must meet allrequirements set by BBR regarding accessibility.One problem that becomes apparent when additional floors are to be built on top of existinghouses is how the existing building will be able to carry the new floors. Therefore, a rigorousinvestigation of this must always be done before a build-up is commenced. In order to reducethe load on existing construction, construction can be made using lightweight constructionelements. Regarding the various problem areas that emerged can be seen that it is only in theproblem regarding how the existing building is supposed to carry the extra weight where thedifferent methods of building differ greatly. In most areas no, big difference is seen at all.