Title: Problematic pupil from the teacher's perspective Author: Bc. et Bc. Nikola Sodomková Supervisor: PhDr. Veronika Pavlas Martanová, Ph.D. Department: Psychology Abstract The diploma thesis deals with problematic pupils in elementary school. The main aim of the thesis is to map out problematic pupil from the teacher's perspectvie, specifically the perspective of school prevention methodologhist. In the theoretical part, it mentions problematic behavior in general. The following chapters deal specifically with problematic behavior at school. There are mentioned its causes, the differences between the pupil with behavioral disorders and the pupil with problematic behavior as well as the characteristics of the problem child. The third chapter deals with the troubled pupil's family and the communication between school and parents. In the next part of the text there are mentioned some researches, which focused on the perception of the problematic pupils from the teachers point of view, their relationship and their approach, including the personality of pedagogue and burnout syndrome sub-chapters. The last chapter focuses on relations between the problem pupil and peers. In the empirical part of the thesis is presented a research that was realized in the form of semi-structured interviews with five school...

Obesity is a major health epidemic, impacting many people worldwide. Bariatric surgery is a common treatment for severe obesity and generally leads to improved overall health, remission of comorbid disease, and improved quality of life. Despite positive postsurgical results, many patients regain some to most of their weight following the procedure. Guidelines for presurgical psychological assessments have been developed to assist healthcare professionals in predicting outcomes for patients. Previous studies have focused on the impact of psychological illness on surgical outcomes, with mixed results. The current study aimed to assess the influence that difficulties in emotion regulation has on eating patterns in bariatric surgery patients. A total of 144 patients seeking bariatric surgery were included in the study. Results indicated no difference in severity of eating patterns among restricted, emotional, and external eating; though difficulties in emotion regulation was only significantly related to emotional (r = .427, p < .001) and external (r = .275, p < .001) eating patterns. Regression analyses indicated significant models for the impact of difficulties in emotion regulation on emotional (R2 = .254 F(5, 135) = 9.180, p < .001) and external (R2 = .094, F(5, 135) = 2.811, p = .019) eating. Specific predictors of emotional eating were discussed. Outcomes of this study highlight the importance of considering difficulties in emotion regulation in bariatric surgery patients due to the impact emotional dysregulation may have on eating patterns.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teenagers’ use of mobile Internet devices and their involvement in risky digital behaviors, including problematic Internet use, exposure to pornography, and participation in sexting. A crosssectional correlational design using a sample (N = 97) of teens aged 13-18 was used. Linear regression analyses revealed that teens using smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were most likely to receive sexting requests, while teens using computers to access the Internet were most likely to intentionally view pornography. Additionally, teens who used multiple mobile devices to connect to the Internet and teens who had owned at least one mobile Internet device for longer periods of time were most likely to have higher levels of problematic Internet use. Contextual factors such as age, gender, family structure, religious commitment, attachment to parents, and parental monitoring of online activities were also examined to determine their relationship to the aforementioned outcomes. Consistent with adolescent developmental trajectories, older teens reported higher rates of pornography exposure and sexting requests, and indicated a greater willingness to participate in sexting. However, younger teens who used smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were just as likely as older teens to have received requests to sext. Males had higher rates of pornography exposure and were more willing than females to send sexual messages to their significant other. Females, on other hand, were asked to sext more frequently. Teens with high levels of religious commitment had the lowest levels of pornography exposure and participation in sexting. Among the parental variables examined, teens’ attachment to their parents was most significantly related to the studies’ outcomes. Strongly attached teens had lower levels of problematic Internet use, pornography exposure, and participation in sexting than their peers who were not as strongly attached to their parents.

Adolescents with developmental disabilities (DD) experience regular physical and sexual development. Some adolescents with developmental disabilities engage in problematic sexual behaviors (PSB). In order to be able to address the needs of this population in terms of prevention of PSB, and provision of effective treatment after PSB has begun, their experience must be understood and contributing factors identified. It is with this in mind that this study was designed, with the purpose being the exploration of the experiences of adolescents with DD who have engaged in sexually problematic behaviors, including compulsive or addictive patterns of behavior, and to identify the contributing factors for engaging in these behaviors. A grounded theory approach with a directed analysis component was used. Eleven participants were interviewed including five persons with developmental disabilities (PWDD) and six parents regarding the experiences of seven different individuals with DD who have engaged in PSB. Results of this study indicate that the presence of a DD increases the complexity of this experience. A model was created to explain the overall process of engaging in PSB as requiring exposure, motivation, opportunity, and deficits in sexual education. In addition, nine different factors were identified that may be contributing factors that increase the risk of an individual with DD engaging in PSB. These results may be of value for parents of children with DD, service providers, and educators.

This thesis is an exploration of professional behaviour in health care settings, using a Model of Treatment Engagement that is developed as a tool for ethics critique. The Model is tested and refined using data on: a psychiatric ???treatment??? carried out on over 1,127 occasions in a 15 - 40 bed non-acute hospital during the period 1961-1979; the problematic withdrawal of all life-support from a 37 year old man who had suffered acute brain trauma some five days previously, in a tertiary hospital in March 2000; and a clinical experiment recently proposed for the emergency setting and intended to encompass five hospitals and the NSW Ambulance Service. In each case, the Model proves useful in identifying the shift from the treatment paradigm and the ethical imperative of ensuring the patient (or his/her agent) appreciates the difference between what is proposed and what would normally be done. It reveals how doctors who dealt with the patient but did not decide on treatment contributed to ethically troublesome practice. It clarifies how having multiple doctor players in the treatment situation gave rise to the need to suppress dissenting views. Doctors who were close enough to the action to comprehend its nature, by not dissenting, reinforced the problematic choice for the actor and validated it in the eyes of observers. The lack of dissent at the level of doctors working under supervision, appeared to be a function of institutional arrangements. At the consultant level, there was evidence of pressure to concur from other consultants and indirect evidence of a fear of ostracism. The public responses in the two modern cases point to there being a strong idea in Sydney???s medical community that dissent should not be publicly displayed once a decision on how to treat has been made. I conclude there are two steps to reviewing ethically problematic treatment situations. The first consists of identifying the shift from the treatment paradigm. The second consists of establishing why the problematic choice is translated into action. The Treatment Engagement Model is put forward as a useful tool for both these analyses.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate what an intervention comprising systematic discussion groups meant in the context of conflicts and cooperation between social care staff and nursing staff, over a period of 7–15 months. The intervention was carried out in four experimental dwellings in special types of housing for elderly and disabled people and in comparison with four similar reference dwellings. Results are based on 27 interviews prior to the intervention and 29 after. The interviewees were managers, registered nurses, enrolled nurses and care assistants and concerned their experiences regarding problematic situations that occurred in their everyday work. The questionnaires (before n=84 and after intervention n=93) used were: sense of coherence, job-satisfaction and burnout and were aimed at investigating staff experiences of working climate and the influence of the intervention. The issues were investigated both before and after the intervention. Observations were used to determine whether they could provide further knowledge about the intervention and thus extend our understanding of the marginal differences in the complementary studies. The phenomenological hermeneutic interpretation of the narratives in the interviews shows that the intervention was important to the experiences of being in problematic situations. The results before the intervention and in reference dwellings are equivalent and elucidate staff members' struggle to retain their self-esteem and to be confirmed by their colleagues. The experimental dwellings narratives show a change from rejecting to confirming communication among colleagues. Moreover, subtle changes are present which point to an emotional closeness where attempts have been made to understand colleagues' perspective and reactions where the residents are the central concern in the narratives. An analysis of the content of the interviews after intervention shows equivalent changes in experimental dwellings and reference dwellings. The analysis shows that the staff's view of problematic situations had been softened and that they viewed their colleagues as less of a hindrances. There were no mentions made of the previously indicated conflicts between social and nursing staff. The results also show that staff members are not afraid to stand by their own ideas of how they should act in various situations. The staff experience of the working climate was positive both before and after the intervention and no significant differences could be seen. What stands out from the observation study is that the groups have different cultures and thus different prerequisites for the intervention. In two of four groups the intervention seemed to give rise to positive meanings regarding the staffs´ understanding of each other, necessary for their successful cooperation, but when the groups are in the ”basic assumption phase” other additional strategies are probably also needed. The marginal differences shown in the other complementary studies can be understood in terms of two of the four groups not perceiving the intervention to any large extent. When the internal group processes are of great importance it is essential to pay attention to culture of the staff groups before the intervention is implemented.

The Internet has become an important part of many people’s lives across the world since its first launching in 1960s. In spite of its many beneficial roles for various new applications and services, the emergence of the Internet also has created a new problem called "problematic Internet use" or "Internet addiction," in which individuals experience interpersonal, school, or work-related problems due to excessive use of the Internet. However, since problematic Internet use is a relatively new phenomenon, research in this field has produced as yet a limited number of research studies. This study reviews available research related to defining, assessing, and measuring the problematic Internet use of college students, and examines characteristics related to Internet use for this population. This study utilizes a web-based survey with a randomly selected sample of registered undergraduate and graduate students of the University of Texas at Austin in 2006. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) (Young, 1998) and the Online Cognition Scale (OCS) (Davis, 2002) were employed to measure aspects of problematic Internet use. Result scores of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) showed that only 0.8 percent of the respondents were diagnosed as Internet users with significant problems, whereas 28.0 percent were classified with frequent problems. Consolidation of the percentage of respondents with the frequent problems and the significant problems resulted in a total of 28.8 percent presenting with problematic Internet use. A gender difference with regard to problematic Internet use was evident, with male students scoring higher on both the Internet Addiction Test and the Online Cognition Scale. Time spent online for non-academic purpose was positively correlated with problematic Internet use, whereas both age and GPA were negatively correlated with problematic Internet use. The hard science students were more likely to be problematic Internet users than soft science and fine arts students while freshmen students were more vulnerable to problematic Internet use than graduate students. Overall, the findings of this study support previous research except for Internet applications and services used by college students. The percentage of online chatting users has dramatically jumped from mere 9.1% (Scherer, 1997) to 56.4%. In contrast to this jump, the percentage of Usenet service use has decreased from 36.9% (Scherer, 1997) to 11.7%. Relatively new services such as blog/social networking and file sharing, which were not reported in earlier studies conducted by Scherer (1997) and Young (1996, 1998), have become increasingly popular. It seems that, as network technology is evolving and more services have become available, the trend of Internet use is also changing. / text

Atkūrusi nepriklausomybę Lietuva ryžtingai žengė demokratinės visuomenės kūrimo ir rinkos ekonomikos keliu. Buvo ypač atkreiptas dėmesys į šeimą. Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos, priimtos 1992 metais, 38 straipsnyje skelbiama, kad ,,Šeima yra visuomenės ir valstybės pagrindas” (Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija, 1992). Mokykla, o ypač kaimo, yra viena iš svarbiausių vaiko gyvenimo socialinių institucijų, kurioje sukuriamos sąlygos, kryptingai ir intensyviai lemiančios mokinio intelektinio ir socialinio pažinimo plėtrą. Kaimo mokyklose didžioji dalis mokinių – socialiai remtini bei pedagogiškai apleisti, dalis jų dėl objektyvi�� priežasčių negali lankyti mokyklų. Klasės auklėtojas – tai ugdymo procese centrinė figūra, kuri koordinuoja ir kontroliuoja savo klasės mokinių, toje klasėje dėstančių mokytojų ir mokinių tėvų veiklą. Šiame baigiamajame magistrantūros darbe buvo tyrinėtas klasės auklėtojo vaidmuo ugdant probleminių šeimų vaikus, besimokan��ius 5-9 klasėse Šalčininkų rajone. Pasirodo, kad namų darbų neatlikimas, neadekvatus elgesys, bėgimas iš pamokų, necenzūrinių žodžių vartojimas, mokymo priemonių bei mokyklos turto nesaugojimas ir niokojimas, sudėtingas bendravimas su tėvais, tėvų nesidomėjimas savo vaikais, žalingi tėvų įpročiai - pagrindiniai sunkumai, su kuriais susiduria klasės auklėtojas, dirbdamas su probleminių šeimų vaikais. Beveik ketvirtadalis tyrime dalyvavusiųjų probleminių šeimų tėvų apie savo vaikų sunkumus nieko nežino. Pasirodo, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In the present MA paper the role of a class master while bringing up 5-9 form rural children is being analyzed. School, especially rural, is one of the most important child’s social institutions, where some conditions are created in order to develop pupil’s intellectual and social recognition. The number of children from problematic families is constantly increasing in the rural areas. The effectiveness of the work with children from problematic families depends on the activities of a class master, who tries to facilitate life of children from problematic families with his/her professional efforts. The class master also helps to overcome difficulties in the class, at school and at home. That was the stimulation to investigate the present problem. There are several questions to which the present paper will try to answer: what problems does a class master have to face while working with children from problematic families; what are the causes of disagreements between a class master and children from problematic families; what is the help given by a class master; what are the corporation opportunities between a class master and parents; how do children from problematic families evaluate their class masters. The goal of the investigation is to disclose the role of a class master, who is working with 5-9 form children from problematic families. The object of the investigation is the work of a class master with the 5-9 formers from problematic families. The tasks of the... [to full text]

Spartėjant globalizacijai vis svarbesnę vietą žmogaus gyvenime užima technologijos, tarp jų ir internetas. Galima išvardinti daugybę interneto privalumų: pasitarnauja darbuose ir moksluose, gali būti puikus būdas laisvalikiui praleisti taip pat ir nepamainoma komunikacijos priemonė. Nors galima išvardinti daugybę interneto privalumų, bet reikia pminėti, ir tai kad internetas gali būti ne tik naudingas, bet ir žalingas. Žmogus per daug laiko praleisdamas internete rizikuoja tapti priklausomu, o proporcingai nuo naudojimo didėja rizika susidurti su pavojais internete (Ruškus, Žvirdauskas, Kačenauskaitė, 2010). Nors su probleminio interneto naudojimo problema gali susidurti bet kokio amžiaus žmonės, manoma, kad paaugliai yra lengviausiai pažeidžiamų asmenų grupė. Dėl dar nesusiformavusio tapatumo, paaugliai yra atviresni naujovėms bei komunikacijai. Neretai šiems poreikiams patenkinti paaugliai pasitelkia internetą. Dažnai patys paaugliai nesugeba tinkamai planuoti internete praleidžiamo laiko bei susidūrus su tam tikrais pavojais ne visada žino kaip elgtis. Dėl šios priežasties ne tik paaugliai turi būti mokomi kaip tinkamai naudotis internetu, bet ir tėvai bei specialistai, kad laiku galėtų užkirsti kelią paauglių probleminio interneto naudojimo atsiradimui. Šio darbo tikslas: atskleisti šeimos ir specialistų vaidmenis taikant prevenciją paauglių probleminio interneto naudojime. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) atskleisti kaip paauglių probleminis interneto naudojimas susijęs su jų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Accelerating globalization technologies, including internet, occupy more and more important place in human lifes. Many advantages of the Internet can be listed: serves at work and studying, can be a great way to spend leisure time as well as irreplaceable way of communication. While it is possible to list a number of advantages of internet, but it should be mentioned, that internet can be not only useful, but harmful as well. Human who spent too much time online takes risk to become addicted and in proportion of usage increases the risk to face the dangers online. Although people of any age can face problematical internet use, it is believed that adolescents are the most vulnerable group of individuals. Due to not formed identity, adolescents are more open to innovation and communication. Often for these needs teenagers use the Internet. Usually teenagers themselves are unable to plan their time spent on the internet and in the face of certain threats do not always know how to behave. For this reason, not only the teenagers, but parents and professionals as well, need to be taught how to properly use the Internet, in order that they could prevent the emergence of adolescent problematic Internet usage. The aim of this work: to reveal roles of family and professional by preventing adolescent problematic usage of the Internet. The task of this work: 1) To reveal how adolescent problematic Internet use is related to their leisure, and relationships with family and friends; 2)... [to full text]

In the United States as many as 15% of births occur before 39 weeks because of elective inductions or cesarean sections. This qualitative study employs a grounded theory approach to understand the decisions women make of how and when to give birth. Thirty-three women who were pregnant or had given birth within the past two years participated in key informant or small group interviews. The women’s birth narratives and reflections reveal how they construct the uncertainty of their due dates and how this construction influences their birth decisions. Problematic integration theory is used to analyze this construction and identify points of influence. The results suggest that women construct the uncertainty of due dates as a reason to wait on birth and as a reason to start the process early. The results suggest that information about a baby’s brain development in the final weeks of pregnancy may persuade women to remain pregnant longer. The results demonstrate the utility of using problematic integration theory to understand a medical situation that is the result of epistemological and ontological uncertainty. The analysis suggests the existence of a third type of uncertainty, axiological uncertainty. Axiological uncertainty is rooted in the values and ethics of outcomes.