La tesi ha ricostruito la disciplina degli scritti anonimi nel diritto amministrativo. In particolare, in assenza di disposizioni di carattere generale, la ricerca ha avuto l’obiettivo di comprendere la rilevanza attribuita dall’ordinamento pubblicistico alle segnalazioni anonime, sia sul versante processuale sia su quello procedimentale. Nel diritto amministrativo, il fenomeno degli scritti anonimi è stato meno esplorato che nel diritto penale. Di recente, tuttavia, si è registrata una progressiva attenzione per il tema, come si evince soprattutto da due elementi: le numerose pronunce della giurisprudenza relative alla presentazione di denunce anonime volte a sollecitare l’avvio del procedimento amministrativo e i regolamenti delle Autorità amministrative indipendenti che hanno esplicitamente disciplinato il fenomeno. Anche le indicazioni che provengono dal legislatore in alcuni settori speciali sono significative dell’importanza che gli scritti anonimi hanno progressivamente assunto nel diritto amministrativo. La tesi, pertanto, ha analizzato gli indici, peraltro spesso contraddittori, desumibili dall’ordinamento pubblicistico per comprendere le dimensioni del fenomeno degli scritti anonimi e per valutarne la compatibilità con i principi generali dell’attività amministrativa. Domandarsi se la presentazione di una denuncia anonima imponga l’avvio del procedimento significa, infatti, riflettere sulla compatibilità dell’eventuale impiego di tali denunce con i principi che governano l’esercizio dell’azione amministrativa all’interno di un ordinamento democratico. / The dissertation aims to conduct an in-depth examination of anonymous reports’ legal framework in administrative law. In the absence of general provisions on the topic, the research focused on understanding the relevance attributed to anonymous reports by italian public law, both substantive and procedural. Much has been written on the subject of anonymous documents in the field of criminal law, yet the topic was much less studied in administrative law. Recently, though, attention to this theme increased, as demonstrated both by the issuance of regulations concerning anonymous reporting by several independent authorities and the numerous court rulings about anonymous reporting and its effects on the initiation of administrative proceedings. Significant signs of the increasing importance of the phenomenon in administrative law can also be inferred from the specific legislation of certain sectors of the law. The dissertation analyzed the various and often contradictory occurrences of anonymous reports in administrative law, in order to understand the scope of the phenomenon of anonymous reporting and to evaluate its compatibility with the general principles of administrative action. Indeed, the question of whether the submission of an anonymous report can bind the administration to initiate administrative proceedings calls for a in-depth consideration of the compatibility of the use of these reports with the principles governing administrative action in a democracy.

A presente Dissertação de Mestrado tem por escopo o exame das nulidades no processo penal brasileiro. O estudo foca, em especial, o prejuízo, critério eleito pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para verificar quando há, ou não, nulidade, tendo em vista a adoção da teoria da instrumentalidade das formas. Escolheu-se estudar o tema, em razão da falta de uniformidade no tratamento da matéria, tanto em nível doutrinário quanto jurisprudencial. Com efeito, é possível notar que são proferidas decisões divergentes para casos iguais, em curto espaço de tempo. Entre os fatores que podem, eventualmente, explicar essa carência de sistematização está o fato de não se conseguir especificar e/ou bem delimitar: (a) qual o conceito e o cerne da nulidade, sobretudo processual, (b) qual sua natureza jurídica, (c) como a nulidade pode ser diferenciada dos demais institutos jurídicos, haja vista existir muita confusão entre as nulidades e as demais invalidades, sem contar o instituto da inexistência jurídica. No que tange ao prejuízo, não há consenso a seu respeito, qual o seu conteúdo, bem como se dá a sua ocorrência no processo, se precisa ser efetivo (concreto), ou meramente potencial. Todas essas questões têm trazido muitas dúvidas tanto na teoria quanto na prática, havendo uma grande insegurança jurídica, o que pode levar a decisões casuísticas, acarretando tratamentos diferenciados para casos iguais: o que enseja, de um lado, impunidade (ou tratamento privilegiado) e, de outro, persecuções penais arbitrárias, vulnerando o sistema de direitos e garantias no Estado de Direito Democrático. O estudo é feito, ao final, à luz da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, pois é somente a partir dessa análise que se conseguirá melhor esmiuçar quais critérios e balizas têm sido levados em conta para, em cada caso concreto, reconhecer-se o prejuízo e, por via reflexa, a nulidade. O presente estudo, ainda que de maneira audaciosa, tem a pretensão de propor uma maior sistematização da matéria, almejando a aplicação equânime e justa do direito. / This Master\'sDissertation aims to analyze annulments in the Brazilian criminal proceeding. The instant Research focuses on the harm rule, the legal standard chosen by the Brazilian system to check whether there is a kind of nullity in the criminal proceeding, considering the instrumentality theory of legal forms. The subject was chosen due to the lack of uniformity: both in academic area (doctrinaire) and in the judicial practice. Indeed, there exist different kinds of decisions for similar cases, in short periods of time. Among the reasons that could possibly explain this lack of systematization or this difference of treatment is the fact that scholars and the justices are not able to specify and/or even to define properly: (a) the essence of the concept or the core of the proceeding invalidity and, particularly (b) its legal constitution as well as (c) how the nullity can be distinguished from other legal institutions that are alike, also considering that there is too much confusion between the nullity and the other kinds of invalidities, including a lot of misunderstanding between the invalidity and the legal non-existence theory. Regarding specifically the harm rule, the scholars and the Courts also do not clarify for instance, what it is and its content is, as well as how its occurrence takes in the criminal law proceeding: if it must be effective (concrete) or merely potentially. All these non-solution issues have brought many questions to both theory and practice, and there is considerable legal uncertainty, which may lead casuistic decisions, bringing different treatments which can lead impunity (or preferential treatment) and on to other hand arbitrary acts against the defendant, violating human rights. The study is done in light of the decisions of the Supreme Court and the Superior Court of Justice, because this analysis allows to elaborate the criteria and goals taken into account, to assess properly the harm rule and the nullity. The present study also dares to propose a better systematization of the issue, always taking into consideration the desired and the necessary fair enforcement of law.

This diploma thesis deals with position of a witness in criminal proceeding. The first part, it defines a conception of a witness; focuses on legal process aspects of position of a witness and also on capability to act as a witness in criminal proceeding. The second part, is given attention to performing evidence by witness, to rules of examination of a witness, including rules of examination of witnesses less than 15 years old. The third part defines rights and duties of a witness in criminal proceedings as they result not only from Criminal Procedure Act but also from constitutional principles. There is closer focus on witness' duty to testify, to liability to participate in confrontation and recognition (as special kinds of evidence). Another focus is on some witnesses' rights: rights to deny giving testimony and right to legal help and mainly to right to afford security of a witness. The last, four part deals with institute of crown witness (accomplice witness). This institute is not included into Czech legal system yet.

Práce se zabývá městem Soběslav, které patřilo pánům z Rožmberka a dochoval se v něm soubor testamentů z let 1455-1550. Soubor se skládá celkem z 83 listinných testamentů. Práce nejprve popisuje testamentární praxi (proces vzniku testamentu) a soubor soběslavských testamentů. Samotný výzkum se zabývá nejprve testátory, kteří byli spřízněni nějakým druhem rodinné vazby. Podrobněji se práce zabývá jednou z těchto rodin, rodinou Račmanů. Druhá část výzkumu se věnuje dluhům a pohledávkám uvedených v testamentech. Tato část se zabývá lokalitami, se kterými vedli testátoři své obchody. Klíčová slova: Soběslav, testamenty, rodinné vztahy, dluhy, pohledávky Annotation Object my diploma's work is Soběslav town, which it belonged to lord of Rozumberk. There was still in existence collection of testaments from years 1455-1550. Collection is comprised of 83 testaments. The work discribes proces sof genesis testaments and collection Soběslav's testaments. First part of study pursue testátore, which they were akin to families. The work detailed discribes of family Račman. Second part of study disciribes by analysis debts and outstandings debt in testaments. This part discribes lokalities, where testátore made their business. Keywords: Soběslav, testaments, family relations, debts, outstanding debts

This diploma thesis aims to describe and examine the legal framework of the anti-doping system, which is a phenomenon of top-level sport, i.e. the rules controlling institutions, legal rules, arbitration procedure etc. At the beginning of the thesis, the author would like to describe to its readers the history and the origin of the term "doping" as itself and how it developed both in the modern sport history and also as a term important for arbitral proceedings. Next chapter is related to the system of the testing, starting with a preventive control ad testing related to it. Numerous chapters present together an extensive overview of the anti- doping program, the legal system related to it and its debated issues with connections to several legal branches. After the testing proves a positive finding, the sportsmen face a serious risk of being punished (if some of the exception do not apply) because of the strict liability. Since this kind of liability might seem harsh for many, the author presents to readers both the opinions in favor of this system and against its use. The anti-doping system and its rules, the World Anti- Doping Code, changes continuously, therefore author decided to also stress out the most important changes which were brought with the last amendment of the Code, which is effective...

The work is focused on using bankruptcy models and appropriate selected indicators on the data set used, and it identifies how crucial it can be for an enterprise to use an inappropriate model or indicators to decide whether to enter into liquidation or insolvency, and how these business aid indicators can prevent larger business damages that would occur if the risk was ignored. It adds value to controlling activities and can influence the possible prediction of the development of financial problems in the enterprise. Selected models and indicators are tested on a database of companies, which is divided into two groups - bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy. It compares the results of the model evaluation by including the gray zone intervals in the calculation with the results when these intervals are removed. The individual models' reliability is tested both on individual groups and in individual years 2013 to 2017. Selected indicators are tested on the bankruptcy group, which best correlates with reality and confirms the correct selection of indicators for possible prediction of bankruptcy

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Kritik an der Vorsatzanfechtung nach § 133 Abs. 1 InsO a.F. herauszuarbeiten und zu diskutieren. Zudem gibt die Arbeit einen Überblick über die Gesetzesreform vom 29.03.2017 (BGBl. I S. 654). Zunächst werden die Voraussetzungen der Vorsatzanfechtung dargestellt und die Auslegung dieser Voraussetzungen durch die Rechtsprechung anhand von Beispielen herausgearbeitet. Die Arbeit zeigt die Kritik an der dargestellten Rechtsprechung auf und setzt sich mit verschiedenen Lösungsansätzen und Argumentationssträngen der juristischen Lehre auseinander. Die Autorin entwickelt einen eigenen Ansatz, der an dem Vorsatzbegriff anknüpft und unterbreitet einen Vorschlag für eine Gesetzesänderung. Im Anschluss wird die Reform der Insolvenzanfechtung besprochen. Dabei fragt die Autorin kritisch, ob die Reform als Erfolg zu bewerten ist. / The aim of this paper is to elaborate and discuss the critique of the contestation of an intentional preference according to § 133 para. 1 InsO previous version. In addition, the work gives an overview of the legal reform dated 29.03.2017 (BGBl. I p. 654). First of all, the prerequisites for contesting an intentional preference are presented and the interpretation of the prerequisites by the jurisprudence is displayed on the basis of case law. The work illustrates the critique of the reviewed case law and discusses the different solutions and lines of reasoning presented in legal academia. Subsequently the author develops her own approach, which ties in with the concept of intent, and submits a proposal for an amendment of the law. Finally, the reform of the contestation of an intentional preference is discussed. The author critically evaluates whether the reform should be considered a success.

Esta dissertação trata dos conflitos entre a Fazenda Pública e os contribuintes relativos ao ICMS em São Paulo. O trabalho busca compreender e verificar se o processo administrativo tributário paulista foi suficiente, efetivo e útil para o controle de legalidade dos atos administrativos emanados a partir do surgimento de conflitos de ICMS no período de 2010 a 2014. A processualização no Direito Administrativo representa uma das formas do particular intervir na ação estatal, sobretudo naquelas em que o Estado interfere em sua esfera jurídica. Instalado o processo no âmbito administrativo, o Poder Público e o cidadão apresentarão seus argumentos, provas, razões e fundamentos para a decisão administrativa final. Em matéria tributária, tal instrumento de participação e de defesa de direitos tem ainda maior relevância, eis que o Estado, no uso de seu poder de império, e exercendo competência para instituir tributos conforme previsão constitucional, invade a esfera jurídica do particular na busca do que entende ser o montante devido de tributo, aplicando, eventualmente, uma penalidade pelo descumprimento de obrigações tributárias. O processo administrativo tributário cumpre, então, dois objetivos cruciais, quais sejam: i) o de propiciar a participação do particular na defesa de seus direitos face a um ato administrativo invasivo de sua esfera jurídica, e ii) permite que a Administração Pública exerça a autotutela sobre seus atos, pelo controle de legalidade a que se submete a edição do ato administrativo de lançamento tributário. No Estado de São Paulo, o ICMS é o tributo de maior relevância em termos de arrecadação para o Tesouro estadual; por conseguinte, os conflitos surgidos entre Fisco e contribuinte relativos a esse imposto têm impacto econômico relevante nas finanças públicas estaduais e no ambiente econômico onde as empresas paulistas desenvolvem suas atividades. O trabalho aborda os conflitos de ICMS no período de 2010 a 2014, período em que ocorreram mudanças estruturais com a passagem do processo convencional para o processo eletrônico. Com isso, o estudo visa avaliar a eficiência do novo desenho institucional do processo administrativo tributário paulista nesse período. A Administração Tributária do Estado de São Paulo tem em sua estrutura organizacional um complexo de órgãos de julgamento de lides tributárias. Dessa forma, o estudo descreve a estrutura e a composição dos órgãos de julgamento e sua forma de atuação nos processos administrativos tributários. O escopo do estudo abrange, inicialmente, o entendimento sobre princípios de direito que governam o tema, e, sucessivamente, a análise das consequências advindas do conflito entre Fisco e contribuinte, o estudo dos ritos procedimentais na fase litigiosa, a compreensão da organização dos órgãos de julgamento administrativos e a avaliação, eficiência e o desempenho desses órgãos no período em relevo. O trabalho se encerra com uma avaliação do sobreprincípio da segurança jurídica, à luz do processo administrativo tributário, com análise crítica sobre a efetividade e transparência na solução de conflitos tributários no Estado de São Paulo, ilustrada pela descrição de alguns casos concretos de julgados administrativos onde se confirma ou se infirma o atendimento aos princípios fundamentais que orientam a matéria. / This dissertation deals with the conflict between the Treasury and taxpayers for the ICMS in São Paulo. The work seeks to understand and verify that the São Paulo tax administrative process was sufficient, effective and useful for the control of legality of administrative acts emanating from the emergence of ICMS conflicts in the 2010-2014 period. The process of Administrative Law is one of the particular forms of intervening in state action, especially those in which the state interferes in his legal sphere. Installed the process at the administrative level, the Government and the citizens present their arguments, evidences, reasons and grounds for the final administrative decision. In tax matters, an instrument of participation and advocacy is even more relevant, the state, the use of its power of empire, and exercising the power to impose taxes as constitutional provision, invades the individual\'s legal sphere in search of it perceives as the amount due to tax and, where necessary, a penalty for noncompliance with tax obligations. The tax administrative process follows, then, two key objectives, namely: i) to encourage the participation of particular in defense of their rights against an invasive administrative act of their legal sphere, and ii) allows the Public Administration pursues control of legality about his acts, the legality control that submits the issue of the administrative act of tax assessment. In São Paulo, the ICMS is the most relevant in terms of tax revenues to the state treasury; therefore, conflicts arising between tax authorities and taxpayers for this tax have significant economic impact on the state\'s public finances and the economic environment in which the São Paulo companies develop their activities. The work deals with conflicts of ICMS in the period 2010 to 2014, during which structural changes had occurred with the passage of conventional process for the electronic process. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the new institutional design of the São Paulo tax administrative process that period. The Tax Administration of the State of São Paulo has in its organizational structure a complex of judgment tax litigations organs. Thus, the study describes the structure and composition of the trial bodies and the way it operates in the tax administrative proceedings. The study scope covers initially the understanding of principles of law governing the subject, and successively, the analysis of the consequences arising from the conflict between tax authorities and taxpayers, the study of procedural rites in litigious phase, understanding the organization of the bodies administrative judgment and evaluation, efficiency and performance of these agencies in the relief period. The work concludes with an assessment of principle of legal certainty, in the light of the tax administrative process, with critical analysis of the effectiveness and transparency in the tax dispute resolution in the State of São Paulo, illustrated by the description of some specific cases of administrative trial where it is confirmed or invalidate up the service to the fundamental principles that govern the matter.

La résolution des litiges sportifs a démontré une extraordinaire vivacité ces vingt-cinq dernières années avec la mise en jeu de trois grandes formes de justice qui constituent les « justices sportives », à savoir la justice interne des organisations sportives (disciplinaire et administrative), la justice alternative (MARL, arbitrage et autorités indépendantes) et la justice étatique (française et européenne). A travers le dialogue des différents juges du sport, ces trois justices, pourtant si différentes, s’éclairent, se tolèrent, se respectent et se complètent, permettant ainsi une résolution cohérente et efficace des litiges sportifs. La présente étude visera aussi à mettre en lumière l’existence d’un dialogue entre les différents juges du sport. Ce dialogue participe à l’amélioration de la résolution des litiges sportifs et plus généralement des normes sportives. A travers le dialogue des juges, la justice interne des organisations sportives a considérablement évolué au plus grand profit des justiciables du mouvement sportif qui y ont trouvé des droits plus fermes et mieux garantis. Parallèlement, et tirant bénéfice là encore du dialogue des juges, la justice alternative a connu un développement remarquable, prouvant sa très grande efficacité dans la résolution des litiges sportifs. Reste que ces deux justices ne peuvent raisonnablement prétendre couvrir l’ensemble des litiges du sport et leur donner une issue définitive. En dépit des progrès de la justice sportive interne des organisations sportives, et malgré le développement de la justice alternative, l'intervention de la justice étatique demeure indispensable dans la bonne résolution des litiges sportifs / Sport disputes resolution has shown an extraordinary strength over the past twenty-five years through the interaction between the three main forms of justice as component of the "sport justices", i.e. the internal justice of the sport organisations (disciplinary and administrative justice), the alternative justice (ADR, arbitration and independent authorities) and the state justice (French and European justice).Through the dialogue between the various sport judges, we will also analyze how these three justices, despite their differences, enlighten each other, stand each other, respect and complete each other. This research also aims at highlighting the very existence of the dialogue between the different sport judges. This dialogue plays a part in the improving of sport disputes resolution and more generally of the sport rules.Through the dialogue of judges, the internal justice of the sport organisations has significantly changes to the benefit of the members of sport organsisations whose rights are more guaranteed. Alongside, thanks to the dialogue between judges, the development of the alternative justice is considerable, showing its significant efficiency in sport disputes resolution. Nonetheless, these two justices cannot pretend covering the whole sport litigation and handing down final and binding decisions. Despite the positive evolution of the internal justice of sport organisations and the development of the alternative justice, the involvement of the state justice remains indispensable in the good resolution of sport litigation.

Orientador: Alexandre Walmott Borges / Resumo: A presente pesquisa possui como escopo principal responder o questionamento acerca da possibilidade de utilizar a mediação para solucionar as controvérsias existentes na administração pública federal, mais especificamente aquelas que ocorrem no âmbito das Universidades Federais brasileiras. A mediação é um mecanismo autocompositivo de solução de conflitos em que um terceiro, estranho ao conflito, aplica técnicas específicas e auxilia as partes para que retomem o diálogo. As partes estão na figura central do mecanismo, possuindo o poder decisório em razão do princípio da autonomia da vontade das partes. Este mecanismo se difere do que tradicionalmente é aplicado aos conflitos nas Universidades Federais, haja vista que o processo administrativo disciplinar, em regra, é a ferramenta utilizada nos casos conflitantes internos. Assim, o trabalho aborda, primeiramente, o processo administrativo disciplinar e, em seguida, analisa a mediação como forma de tratamento dos conflitos internos das Instituições federais. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada é a indutiva, haja vista que a pesquisa analisa os dados da COPSIA, que é a Comissão Permanente de Sindicância e Inquérito Administrativo da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, que dispõe sobre os processos administrativos disciplinares do ano de 2017 e, ao final, conclui pela possibilidade de aplicação da mediação nas Universidades Federais, com a proposta de criação de um plano piloto para implantação de uma Câmara de Mediação na Instit... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research has the main scope to answer the question about the possibility of using mediation to solve the controversies existing in the federal public administration, more specifically those that occur within the brazilian Federal Universities. Mediation is a self-composing mechanism for conflict resolution in which a third part, stranger to the conflict, applies specific techniques and assists the parties to resume dialogue. The parties are at the center of the mechanism, having the decision-making power by virtue of the principle of autonomy of the will of the parties. This mechanism differs from that traditionally applied to conflicts in Federal Universities, since the disciplinary administrative process, as a rule, is the tool used in internal conflicting cases. Thus, the paper addresses, first, the disciplinary administrative process and then analyzes the mediation as a way of dealing with internal conflicts of federal institutions. To this end, the methodology used is the inductive one, since the research analyzes data from COPSIA, which is the Permanent Commission of Syndication and Administrative Inquiry of the Federal University of Uberlândia, which provides for the disciplinary administrative proceedings of 2017 and, finally, it concludes that it is possible to apply mediation in Federal Universities, with the proposal of creating a pilot plan for the implementation of a Mediation Chamber in the researched institution. It is noteworthy that the work is no... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre