Orientadores: Bruno Coraucci Filho, Jose Roberto Guimarães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T08:33:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assirati_DoraliceMeloni_M.pdf: 2605980 bytes, checksum: 5106be58d7335d014302f38a1c28070d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A desinfecção de águas residuárias prioritariamente ao seu uso agrícola é um processo de tratamento indispensável à proteção da saúde pública. Neste contexto, o ozônio apresenta-se como desinfetante alternativo ao cloro, já que é muito efetivo contra grande variedade de organismos patogênicos e permite minimizar a formação de subprodutos organoclorados. Neste trabalho avalia-se a efetividade do ozônio contra bactérias, protozoários e helmintos, bem como a interferência das características de qualidade do efluente sobre o processo de desinfecção. Efluentes de lagoa anaeróbia e de lagoa anaeróbia mais filtro de areia, provenientes de estação de tratamento de esgotos situada em Limeira, São Paulo, foram desinfetados em reator tubular, em escala piloto. Doses de ozônio entre 8 e 21 mg L-1 foram necessárias para adequar os efluentes de lagoa anaeróbia, de elevada carga orgânica, aos padrões estabelecidos pela OMS para reuso agrícola. Para os efluentes de filtros de areia, aeróbios e mais estabilizados, foram necessários até 4 mg L-1. Compostos que conferiram cor aos efluentes da lagoa consumiram ozônio de forma mais ou menos prioritária ao início da inativação de coliformes. Foi encontrada correlação exponencial entre este consumo e a cor verdadeira dos efluentes, com índices de correlação superiores a 90 %. A eficiência de desinfecção de coliformes totais e E.coli não foi influenciada pelo tempo de contato entre o ozônio e os efluentes tratados. Os resultados sobre a inativação de protozoários e helmintos foram considerados não conclusivos, devido à inadequação dos métodos de análise empregados. À exceção da cor e de forma geral, as características de qualidade dos efluentes não foram significativamente alteradas com a aplicação de ozônio em doses de até 34 mg L-1 para os efluentes da lagoa e 21 mg L-1 para os efluentes dos filtros de areia / Abstract: Disinfection of wastewater, prior to its use in agriculture, is a treatment process indispensable to the protection of public health. In this context, ozone constitutes an alternative disinfectant to chlorine since it is very effective against a wide variety of pathogenic organisms and minimizes the formation of trihalomethanes. In this hesis, the effectiveness of ozone against bacteria, protozoa and helminths was evaluated as well as the interference of the quality of the wastewater in the disinfection process. Effluents from an anaerobic pond and from an anaerobic pond plus an aerobic sand filter from a sewage treatment facility located in the city of Limeira in the state of São Paulo were disinfected in a plug flow pilot reactor. Ozone doses from 8 to 21 mg L-1 were needed to disinfect the anaerobic pond effluent to meet standards set by the World Health Organization for agricultural use. The sand filter effluents, aerobic and more stabilized, required up to 4 mg L-1. Colored compounds present in the anaerobic pond effluent consumed ozone more or less prior to the beginning of the inactivation of coliforms. An exponential correlation was found between the consumption of ozone and the true color of the effluents with correlation indexes higher than 90%. Contact time was found not to be a factor affecting the disinfection efficiency of ozone against total coliforms and E. coli since the mass transfer conditions were met. The results concerning the inactivation of protozoa and helminths were found to be inconclusive due to the inadequacy of the analytical methods employed. Regardless of the color, the characteristics of the effluents were not altered significantly by the doses of ozone used during the experiments, up to 34 mg L-1 for the anaerobic pond effluents and up to 21 mg L-1 for the sand filter effluents / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This thesis examines how dialogue-based methodologies can be integrated into a participatory planning process for strategic sustainable development. Evidence of the complex nature of the sustainability challenge is cited as necessitating tools and methodologies suited for dealing with complexity. The methodologies in this study were designed to use dialogue to address complex problems in which outcomes are unpredictable. Within the sustainability practitioner community, we identified a need for research on systematic guidance for pairing engagement processes with use of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD). This research focuses on how a specific set of dialogue-based methodologies within the Art of Hosting network can be integrated with the FSSD to strengthen the linkage between content and process. As the culmination of our research, we have developed The Weave: Participatory Process Design Guide for Strategic Sustainable Development (www.theweave.info). It includes a Template for process design, suggestions and examples for use, and guiding principles. It is the first prototype of participatory process design guidance to be offered for pilot testing in the field of strategic sustainable development.

Abstract In the design and development of unit operations in chemical engineering, experimental testing is often very expensive or even impossible to perform. In these kinds of situations, numerical simulations offer a good approach to study process characteristics. Typically in chemical engineering, data-based modeling is applied to study the process. This requires many experiments for tuning the model parameters and validating the model. In a phenomenology-based approach, the evolution of the system is dictated by fluid and particle transport equations. These equations are independent of the process, and can therefore be applied in various systems. However, depending on the system, there are several aspects that have to be taken into account in order to choose the correct model for the problem in hand. In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) modeling have been applied in different unit operations in the field of chemical engineering. CFD was applied in preventing sedimentation in a tube heat exchanger, estimating the cooling efficiency of a vertical water jet onto a hot metal plate, and studying the formation of the slag free open-eye area on the steel ladle. For comparison, DEM was applied in the continuous high-shear granulation of pharmaceutical powder. The different models used in this work are reviewed, and the results are presented from the point of view of model and process development. The grid aspects in CFD simulations and the termination criteria for DEM and CFD simulations are also studied. Based on the results of this work, phenomenological modeling can be considered to be an efficient tool for unit operation design. Together with experimental work, different modeling strategies offer a powerful tool for the design and development of unit operations. / Tiivistelmä Kemiantekniikan yksikköprosessien suunnittelussa kokeellinen tutkimus on usein erittäin kallista ja joskus jopa mahdotonta toteuttaa. Tällöin mallinnus tarjoaa hyvän lähestymistavan yksikköprosessin ominaisuuksien tutkimiselle. Tyypillisesti kemianteollisuudessa, datapohjaista mallinnusmenetelmiä on käytetty systeemin ominaisuuksien tutkimiseksi. Tämä menetelmä vaatii kuitenkin paljon koetoistoja mallin parametrien virittämiseksi ja mallin validoimiseksi. Ilmiöpohjaisessa mallinnuksessa, systeemin aikakehitys määräytyy fluidi- ja partikkelivirtauksia määräävien kuljetusyhtälöiden perusteella. Nämä yhtälöt ovat prosessista riippumattomia, jolloin niitä voidaan soveltaa yleisesti mihin tahansa systeemiin. Riippuen kuitenkin tutkittavasta yksikköprosessista, eri asioita on otettava huomioon, jotta oikea malli voidaan valita kuvaamaan systeemiä. Tässä työssä virtauslaskentaa (computational fluid dynamics, CFD) ja partikkelimenetelmää (discrete element method, DEM) on käytetty erilaisten kemiantekniikan yksikköprosessien tutkimuksessa. CFD:n avulla on tutkittu putkilämmönvaihtimen sedimentaation ehkäisyä, laminaarisen suorasuihkujäähdytyksen tehokkuutta teräslevyn jäähdytyksessä, sekä senkkaprosessissa teräksen pinnalle ilmestyvän kuonasilmäkkeen muodostumista. DEM mallinnusta käytettiin lääkejauheen jatkuvatoimisen rakeistuksen tutkimuksessa. Mallinnuksessa käytetyt mallit esitellään ja niiden tulokset esitellään malli- ja prosessikehityksen näkökulmasta. Työssä on otettu myös esille mallinnustekniset asiat CFD:n vaatiman laskentahilan ja laskennan lopetuskriteerien näkökulmasta. Työssä esitettyjen tulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että ilmiöpohjainen mallinnus on tehokas työkalu yksikköprosessien suunnittelussa. Yhdessä kokeellisen tutkimuksen kanssa, eri mallinnusmenetelmät tehostavat yksikköprosessien suunnittelua ja kehitystä.

This statement gives an overall summary of the aims and achievements of the research work and scholarship carried out by the author during her time at The University of Manchester (and UMIST - now part of The University of Manchester) for which the publications presented give evidence. The research has been about exploring the design process, the activities and issues, and elements involved - from both an industry and student point of view. The publications explore design pedagogy, the skills required by designers and how these might fit into a curriculum for design today.In three parts it summarises the publications presented, reviews the main aspects of design and the current state of knowledge and research in design and summarises the core aspects as distilled from over 36 years practice, research and scholarship.The driver for much of the research undertaken has been to gain a better understanding of the core aspects of design - what key knowledge and skills are required by designers to allow the consistent design of better products and services which enhance the experiences of users. The work presented investigates design and design methods: the activities and processes and the elements involved. It considers responses to designs, the emotional aspect of design - why some designs are preferred over others, why some colour combinations are more desirable, and why repetition is so important to the human psyche. Underpinning the work presented are three research questions. • Are design rules and processes generic for whatever is being designed? • Can a better understanding of design theory and the emotional response to designs ensure a more effective process and thus lead to stronger designs? • Can students be educated to be better design thinkers and ultimately better designers? It concludes that: • 'design' is a process; • design is a problem-solving process and problem-solving is a design process; • for the most effective outcomes a creative and structured approach is required; • this process is based on generic rules and principles which are applicable across all discipline areas; • collaborative/cross disciplinary elements reinforce the concept that there are processes involved that are not unique to individuals or discipline specific; • a greater understanding of the process is of benefit to all individuals and organisations; • any design/problem solving activity will normally result in more than one solution option. The results of the research have informed the author's teaching practice and have been disseminated through publications to benefit the wider education arena. The work presented aims to inform students and design education practitioners.

An incentive for origin of this diploma work was an effort to bring a solution for a troubleshooting area in an international IT company ́s process management where the author was working for more than one and half year and which subsidiary is based in the Czech Republic. The goal of the work is not even to bring a solution in a form of redesign below spcificated process area with suggestion for implementation, but also to bring the reader overview on one possible way how to design and model processes implemented by a certain company. The private objective of the author is to enlarge her own experience with analysis and process modelling portfolio. Goals were achieved by study of a lot of internal resources in a form of documents, documentation and also by study of a scientific literature and scientific topics published in Internet. Moreover there was needed to realize several interviews with employees, analyze all founded information and suggest a solution with regards to given conditions and restrictions. A contribution of this work is in a transparent elaboration of a given reengineering ́s problems, starting with methodics designed for reengineering, through tools used for modelling to solution of a practical task. This work also reveals a process management approach one of the top IT company effecting the international markets, also with description of methods and tools used to it ́s support.

Dieser Aufsatz ist auf der Grundlage des Vortrags entstanden, der auf der Auftaktveranstalung des Projektes "Arbeitslebensbegleitendes Lernen im Betrieb und mitarbeiterorientierte Förderung der Arbeitsfähigkeit" (ALBAf) am 01.04.2015 vom Autor gehalten wurde.

Dieser Aufsatz ist auf der Grundlage des Vortrags auf der GeNeMe Tagung des Medienzentrums an der Fakultät für Informatik der TUD am 01.10.2014 entstanden, welcher unter anderem als Wissenstransfer im Rahmen des Projektes „Arbeitslebensbegleitendes Lernen im Betrieb und mitarbeiterorientierte Förderung der Arbeitsfähigkeit“ (ALBAf) stattfand.

Scenario Planning as a tool for planning for the future has widespread use in the industry today and enjoys an envious status as the primary tool of futures thinking. However, the development in this field has been mired with confusion on its application and purpose. Since popularized by Shell in its use to anticipate the oil crisis in the 70s, scenario thinking has grown in use to aid public policy making, corporate strategic planning and even in the natural sciences. This paper attempts to study the scenario planning process design from a corporate perspective by studying its use in energy companies in Sweden. Energy companies present an ideal industry for this study as it is embroiled with obvious uncertainties in future power and carbon prices but also with subjective uncertainties tied to the political interest in the industry and the industry being in the centre of the climate change debate. Furthermore, the extremely long term nature of investment projects in this industry further exacerbates the need for deep insights into the future. This paper studies the nature of the scenario planning process based on two past papers; that have identified the key characteristics of scenarios. Firm specific internal factors are used to explain the differences in the process designs found in empirical data. Finally a framework to design a scenario planning process is proposed. This framework takes into account these internal factors to enable companies to leverage their internal resources and make full use of scenario planning as a tool.

Despite the apparent benefits of IoT systems, designing them is challenging due to many technical aspects that need to be considered and their mutual interference. The aspects of latency, longevity, and interoperability influence the usability of the final product. Such design and implementation processes are even more challenging to those not experienced in the IoT field, such as beginning designers or product managers. Here, the author investigates a decision support tool – the IoT Solution Advisor, which aims to help IoT beginners to create a model of IoT system and help them to match its requirements with a compatible technology stack. This publication describes the IoT Solution Advisor’s design process by gathering insights via interviews and Research through Design approach. Except for the prototype, the outcome from the study is the list of features and characteristics necessary to make the tool utilitarian and learnable. The project was conducted in cooperation with Ericsson company. / Trots de uppenbara fördelarna med IoT-system (Internet of Things) är det svårt att utforma dem på grund av många tekniska aspekter som måste övervägas och deras ömsesidiga interferens. Aspekterna av latens, livslängd och interoperabilitet påverkar slutproduktens användbarhet. Sådana design- och implementeringsprocesser är ännu mer utmanande för dem som inte har erfarenhet av IoT-fältet, till exempel nybörjare eller produktchefer. Denna studie undersöker ett beslutsstödverktyg - IoT Solution Advisor, som syftar till att hjälpa IoT-nybörjare att skapa en modell av IoT-system och hjälpa dem att matcha dess krav med en kompatibel teknikstack. Denna publikation beskriver IoT-lösningsrådgivarens designprocess genom att samla insikter via intervjuer och forskning genom design. Resultatet från studien är en lista över funktioner och egenskaper som är nödvändiga för att göra verktyget nyttigt och lärbart.

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