O setor de iluminação artificial passa por uma mudança de padrão tecnológico com a implantação da tecnologia LED, que permite novas abordagens quanto a interatividade e qualidade da luz nos ambientes internos. Em ambientes hospitalares, o conforto visual está intimamente ligado a recuperação do paciente e bem-estar dos demais usuários, visto que a qualidade da luz pode interferir de forma direta em reações fisiológicas ligadas ao ciclo circadiano. O presente trabalho apresenta diretrizes de design de luminárias, com ênfase na interação e necessidades dos pacientes. Para tanto, considerou as possibilidades inovadoras e interativas da tecnologia LED e sua relação com o ciclo-circadiano, especificamente na unidade de internação. Para gerar as diretrizes de design foi utilizado uma variação do método Desdobramento da Função Qualidade (QFD), que tem como premissa o atendimento às necessidades dos usuários. As diretrizes geradas pela matriz QFD foram aplicadas em um modelo virtual, utilizando o processo de modelagem da informação da construção conhecido como BIM (Building Information Modeling), com a finalidade de avaliar os resultados obtidos. A utilização do método QFD em conjunto com a tecnologia BIM se mostraram eficientes para a criação de projetos de iluminação, pois apresentou como resultado final um conjunto de imagens qualitativas e informações quantitativas, permitindo desenvolver diretrizes que podem ser manipuladas, de acordo com as necessidades observadas pelo designer responsável pelo projeto de iluminação. Os principais resultados obtidos estabelecem que na unidade de internação hospitalar a iluminação artificial deve contemplar as seguintes características: permitir fácil interatividade, oferecer localização temporal (ciclo circadiano), permitir direcionamento da luz, reduzir a monotonia do ambiente e transmitir sensação de segurança. / The artificial lighting industry undergoes a change of technological standards with the implementation of LED technology, which allows new approaches to interactivity and quality of light in indoor environments. In hospital settings, visual comfort is closely linked to patient recovery and well-being of other users, since the quality of light can interfere directly in physiological reactions linked to the circadian cycle. This work developed luminaire design guidelines, with emphasis on interaction and patient needs. Therefore, considered innovative and interactive possibilities of LED technology and its relationship with the cycle-circadian, specifically in the inpatient unit. To generate design guidelines was used a variation of Quality Function (QFD) method, which is premised on meeting the users needs. The guidelines generated by the QFD matrix were applied to a virtual model using the modeling process of building information known as BIM (Building Information Modeling), in order to evaluate the results obtained. The use of QFD method along with BIM proved efficient for creating lighting designs as it result in a set of qualitative images and quantitative information, allowing to develop guidelines that can be manipulated according to the needs observed by designer responsible for lighting design. The main results establish that at the hospitalization unit artificial lighting shall include the following features: allow easy interactivity, offer temporal location (circadian cycle), to allow light guidance, reducing the monotony of environment and transmit feeling of security.

Cette thèse de doctorat a été menée dans le cadre d'un partenariat entre le Laboratoire Conception de Produits et Innovation des Arts et Métiers ParisTech et l'Ecole de Biologie Industrielle. Le projet de recherche porteur de nos travaux de thèse vise à accompagner la valorisation de nouvelles particules d'argile ayant fait l'objet d'un dépôt de brevet au sein du laboratoire EBInnov®. Ce nouvel ingrédient polyfonctionnel est destiné à satisfaire de multiples applications dans les secteurs bio-industriels, notamment dans l'industrie pharmaceutique, le secteur des cosmétiques, le phytosanitaire ou encore l'environnement. L'objectif de nos travaux de thèse est d'intégrer les spécifications techniques, sensorielles et réglementaires des entreprises de ces secteurs au sein d'un modèle de conception axé innovation. Pour ce faire, les hypothèses de recherche s'appuient sur l'émergence du paradigme de l'innovation ouverte dans ces secteurs. Nous soutenons que les nouveaux intermédiaires de l'innovation sont performants dans les bio-industries et permettent la prise en compte du potentiel d'innovation dès les phases amont du processus de conception. La validité de ces hypothèses a ensuite été vérifiée en milieu industriel par le biais d'expérimentations en lien direct avec les secteurs d'application de la technologie EBISilc®. Finalement, nous proposons un modèle de conception axé innovation prenant en compte l'évolution des modèles d'innovation dans les bio-industries. / This doctoral thesis was realized within the framework of a partnership between the Product Design and Innovation Laboratory of Arts et Métiers ParisTech and the Ecole de Biologie Industrielle. The research project behind our thesis aims to support the promotion of new clay particles having been patented by the EBInnov® laboratory. This new polyfunctional ingredient is designed to satisfy several applications in the bio-industries, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, the phytosanitary sector or the environment. The aim of the thesis is to integrate the technical, sensory and regulatory specifications of bio-industrial companies in an innovation-oriented design process. Thus, the research hypotheses rely on the emerging paradigm of open innovation in these sectors. We support that the new innovation intermediaries are efficient in the bio-industries and allow the integration of the innovation potential in the early stages of the design process. The validity of these assumptions was studied by means of industry-related experiments directly linked to the main application sectors of the EBISilc® technology. Finally, we propose an innovation-oriented design process taking into account the evolution of the innovation models in the bio-industries.

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Substantial benefits can be achieved through the adoption of lean type thinking earlier at the design stage to create more viable products. A complex design cannot be easily leaned out in production; therefore, the production of affordable and sustainable products requires effective lean design considerations at the conceptual level. The research presented in this thesis investigates and demonstrates the application of lean design for product enhancement. The aim of the research was to develop a novel lean design framework that would support the generation of product design with attributes such as maximise value, manufacturable, and operable with minimum waste and resources ensuring avoidable harm is eliminated. The framework consists of a systemised process which is organised in to phases and activities that provides a unique practical manner to lean out a design. The construction of the framework initiated with an extensive literature review and proceeded with an industrial field study which consisted of 34 interviews with 11 manufacturing companies in Europe. The findings were amalgamated to generate a lean design definition and principles which would form the foundations of the framework. A real-life industrial case study of an offshore oil/water separator was used to validate the framework. In conclusion, the lean design framework provides the necessary means by which a lean design can be achieved. As a result a functionally viable and enhanced design that is cheaper to manufacture through controlling waste and eliminating avoidable harm occurrence can be realised with minimal effort. The research makes the following contributions: (1) identification of essential elements in lean design, (2) generation of a lean design definition and principles, (3) Lean Design Framework development and (4) illustrative guidelines based on the framework to be used by designers in realising a lean product design.

Thesis deals with design process optimization at Chute Corporation -- american startup that provides SaaS solutions for discovery, gathering, managing, publishing and analysis of multimedial user-generated content from social networks. The goal is to identify and analyze the processes, roles and tools of product design and propose an optimization. Thesis has two parts. First part describes the theoretical background for later application. Mainly a brief history of IT product design, design taxonomy and design workflow best practices are described. The other part provides a brief description of the company, especially its position on the market, business model, organizational structure, product portfolio, position of product team and also identifies the main processes, roles and tools that surround product design. The final part describes all optimized processes, roles and tools and summarizes all the facts as a set of recommendations. Thesis provides an overview of product design in the dynamic and complex world of startups. The specific recommendations and templates of optimized processes and tools enable immediate implementation into a company of a similar nature.

BMA Innovation Consulting is committed to serving consumers products that can play a more meaningful role in household cleaning. So far, their innovation department has used psychology-based principles and approaches that have helped them understand consumers’ preferences, attitudes and claimed needs in household cleaning. That said, little information has been collected on the active role that products play or could play as participants in the everyday dynamics of US consumers. An anthropological approach to the study of U.S. kitchens, as an important center of family interaction in U.S. households, should yield important insights to the design and development of products that can more effectively and more actively participate in those dynamics. With this project I am fundamentally proposing a new approach to the identification of critical product design requirements. Figure on the right shows the key differences between the psychology-derived principles the organization is mostly using today vs. the anthropological lenses through which I will be conducting my research. Overall, I will be leveraging existing knowledge in the “individual desires” realm, connecting it to the collective situation & cultural context within which “cleaning action” emerges.

Waste is a problem that is more relevant now, in the 21st century, than ever before. Waste management is becoming more crucial with more people moving into cities, which demands a fast lifestyle and leading to massive amounts of waste. Managing all the generated municipal solid waste is putting huge amounts of pressure on the infrastructure.  Zero-waste is a topic that has gained popularity as environmental issues have gained attention. The topic has only been around since the late 1990s and without an official governing body the meaning of the topic is diffuse.  The research objectives of this study are to clarify the topic of zero-waste in a way so that it could be exercised within a specified area, as well as bringing forth a concept on how a recycling station within the area could be designed, aligning with the ideas originating from the topic. To achieve these objectives, this study did a literary study on the topic and qualitative research to gain as much understanding over the state of the topic today.  Results from the research conducted during this study concluded that the topic of zero-waste is divided into three different areas, personal, municipal, and business. All areas having their challenges to overcome to achieve zero-waste according to the accepted definitions of the topic. The results derived from the literary study and the interviews concluded into 3 goals, aligning with the principles of zero- waste, specific for an organization or business that wants to define a set physical area as a zero-waste zone. Clarity of waste management, setting a standard of reuse and recycling and monitoring waste, and work towards prevention.  Also, a concept for a recycling station was developed aligning with ideas brought up on the topic to be placed within an area exercising zero-waste. / Avfall är ett problem som är mer relevant nu, på 2000-talet, än någonsin tidigare. Avfallshantering blir allt viktigare med fler människor som flyttar till städer som kräver en snabb livsstil och leder till enorma mängder avfall. Att hantera allt genererat kommunalt fast avfall sätter enorma belastningar på infrastrukturen.Zero-waste (översatt: Noll-avfall) är ett ämne som har blivit populärt eftersom miljöfrågor har fått uppmärksamhet. Ämnet har bara funnits sedan slutet av 1990-talet och utan ett officiellt styrande organ är innebörden av ämnet diffust.  Forskningsmålen för denna studie är att klargöra ämnet zero-waste på ett sätt så att det kan utövas inom ett specifikt område, samt att ta fram ett koncept om hur en återvinningsstation inom området kan utformas i linje med idéer som kommer från ämnet. För att uppnå dessa mål gjorde denna studie en litterär studie om ämnet och kvalitativ forskning för att få så mycket förståelse för ämnets tillstånd idag.  Resultat från forskningen som genomfördes under denna studie drog slutsatsen att ämnet zero-waste är indelat i tre olika områden, personligt, kommunalt och företagande. Med alla områden som har sina egna utmaningar att övervinna för att uppnå nollavfall enligt de accepterade definitionerna av ämnet. Resultaten från litteraturstudien och intervjuerna avslutades också i tre mål, i linje med principerna om nollavfall, specifikt för en organisation eller ett företag som vill definiera ett visst fysiskt område som en zero-waste zon.  Mål 1: Ha ett tydligt sätt för både användare och servicearbetare på hur avfall hanteras.  Mål 2: Gör återanvändning och återvinning till standarden.  Mål 3: Övervaka aktivt avfallstillströmningen och vidta åtgärder för att minimera det.  Dessutom togs ett koncept fram för en återvinningsstation för att placeras inom ett område som utövar zero-waste utifrån de principer som tagits upp om ämnet.

Aus Punkt 1.: "We state a growing importance in of implicit factors in user's decision making. The products they choose to use are no longer sufficient only addressing the basic functional requirements. Due to higher living standards, the users now ask for more than just the consideration of accessibility terms. "[…] People have gradually enhanced their survival mentality from the materialistic fulfilment into the emotional one. This phenomenon has transcended producers’ role in the market. They do not only manufacture products and provide goods, but they should also create a kind of product that can create atmosphere and stories, so that consumers can experience deeper satisfaction and emotions in their purchase behaviour." (Huang & Guan 2014) There is a stronger focus on emotional aspects affecting users' product selection as ever before. Physiological UCD, however, already is a challenging task itself, regarding all parties and factors influencing its decision making process, so the concentration on other, more subjective factors still remain widely unconsidered. Recent User Centred Design (UCD) approaches already take up this fact, but still this is at the very beginning regarding UCD implementation (Law et al. 2010). ..."

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