A growing uncertainty in the global economy is forcing many manufacturers to reassess their corporate outlook towards the environment. Today there is a growing attention to sustainability in industry accompanied by a paradigm shift towards realizing a sustainable society. It is now very common to hear about Green Production and Green Systems, but few literature exist that deal with the relatively newer subject of Green Maintenance. The term green production is often used to describe production with a sustainable perspective. Also, lean production has been proposed as a means of achieving sustainability. Lean and Green production systems require efficient production and low use of resources such as energy, materials, etc. One major facilitator of this is effective maintenance. Sometimes regarded as the necessary evil, maintenance still has a negative image in the industry. But as the paradigm on manufacturing shift towards realizing a sustainable society, we should also begin to realize the changing role of maintenance. Still, the impact of maintenance on sustainability and Green production is not very well described in research.   This Master Thesis within the School of Innovation Design and Engineering at Mälardalen University presents a literature review on green maintenance by trying to identify and assess the key factors of maintenance effects on green production, life cycle assessment and sustainability of maintenance activities. In addition, a brief introduction to the greening of remanufacturing activity, part of a green process by itself, is provided. The research is based upon extensive literature study, questionnaire survey and interviews with relevant industry as well as academic personnel. A discussion of the results of the interview followed by a conclusion on the key factors of maintenance on sustainability is provided. Future research areas have also been suggested.       Keywords: Green maintenance, Production maintenance, Sustainable maintenance,     Total Productive Maintenance

The main reason for the low production efficiencies at North Coast Milling is the frequent stoppages due to equipment breakdowns and the requirement for unscheduled maintenance. In order for this factory to be able to reach the desired efficiencies, it is imperative that downtime and cost drivers in the production lines be identified and rectified. In order to achieve world-class performance, more and more companies are replacing their reactive strategies for maintenance with proactive strategies like Preventive maintenance (PM), Reliability-centred maintenance (RCM) and Condition based maintenance (CBM) and aggressive strategies like Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). While these newer maintenance strategies require increased commitments to training, resources and integration, they also promise to improve performance. New asset management philosophies are being implemented world-wide in an effort to improve industrial system reliability as well as to reduce maintenance costs. Concepts such as TPM, RCM and CBM are being customised for implementation in various industries. Real-time condition monitoring via computerised maintenance management systems has helped make it possible to transfer from a time-based maintenance strategy to a condition-based maintenance strategy. Detecting possible future failures is now a cost-effective reality that reduces considerably the risk of catastrophic failures and system breakdowns. The aIm of the study is to apply military logistic techniques to the industrial environment of North Coast Milling in order to identify downtime and cost drivers. It will be shown that more of the military logistics techniques can be incorporated into some of the existing maintenance techniques at this factory, which would aid in the achievement of maximum plant utilisation and minimum downtime.! / Thesis (MBA)- University of Natal, 2002.

Produktionsindustrin expanderar kontinuerligt med mer avancerad teknik och komplexa processer. Utvecklingstakten inom den svenska industrin är dock långsammare än förväntat på grund av bristande kompetens hos arbetskraften. Målet med projektet är att hitta de viktigaste utmaningarna som svenska industriföretag står inför och att koppla dessa frågor till aktuella kompetensbehov och kompetens försörjning. Dessa resultat kommer sedan att kartläggas så att problemet kan identifieras i den nära framtiden. Slutligen kommer flera rekommendationer att tas fram för att motverka dessa problem. Med hjälp av KTH, ett av Europas ledande tekniska universitet i Sverige, och Svenskt Underhåll, en riksorganisation med 140 medlemmar som syftar till att främja kompetensen inom produktionsunderhåll inom svensk industri, genomfördes en metod med kvalitativ datainsamling i form av en enkät som besvarades av 18 medlemmar i riksorganisationen Svenskt Underhåll. Detta skulle bidra till att kartlägga uppgifterna för att identifiera eventuella problem. Resultaten från undersökningen bekräftade några av de problem som företagen har kämpat med, nämligen brist på kompetens, men vilka kompetenser som det var brist på varierande. Detta visar att alla typer av kompetens efterfrågas. En kvalitativ datainsamling i form av djupintervjuer genomfördes också med både experter och företagsrepresentanter för att bekräfta det aktuella läget. Både experter och företagsrepresentanter hade unika perspektiv på dagens kompetensproblem och delade även liknande åsikter om den aktuella frågan. Båda parter hade dessutom föreslagit lösningar som ligger till grund för de rekommendationer som ges i denna rapport. Med hjälp av de insamlade data utarbetades ett stort antal rekommendationer och genom att filtrera fram de mest rimliga lösningarna blev det sammanlagt sju rekommendationer. Olika utvärderingsmetoder användes sedan för att rangordna den bästa rekommendationen till den minst effektiva. Sådana utvärderingsmetoder är grovsortering och pugh matrisen. Efter en noggrann utvärdering av varje rekommendation i samband med aktuellt läge visade sig 6 av de 7 rekommendationerna ha samma effekt samtidigt som de var utförbara. / The manufacturing industry is constantly evolving, with more advanced technologies and complex processes. However, due to a lack of competence in the workforce, the rate of improvement in the Swedish industry is slower than expected. The goal of this project is to identify the major issues confronting Swedish industry companies and to connect those issues to current competence needs and supply. These findings will then be mapped out so that the problem can be identified as soon as possible. Finally, several recommendations will be made to address these issues. With the assistance of KTH, one of Europe’s leading technological universities in Sweden, and Svenskt Underhåll, a national organisation with 140 members that aims to promote competence in production maintenance in Swedish industry. A method of qualitative data collection in the form of a survey was carried out, which was completed by 18 members of the maintenance organisation. The survey results confirmed some of the issues that companies have been dealing with, such as a lack of competence, but the types of competenc ewere all different. This demonstrates that all types of expertise are in demand. In order to confirm the current state, a qualitative data collection was also used in the form of in-depth interviews with both experts and company representatives. Both sides had unique perspectives on today's competency problem and also shared similar views on the current issue. Furthermore, both parties had provided solutions in which the recommendations given in this report stems from. Based on the collected data, an analysis was conducted to generate recommendations. A final set of 7 recommendations was identified. To prioritise these recommendations, various evaluation methods, including sorting and the Pugh matrix, were employed. After an evaluation, it was determined that 6 out of the 7 recommendations exhibited relatively similar impact and feasibility in combination with the current situation.

Inom tillverkningsindustrin präglas ständig utveckling och förbättringsarbete, speciellt när det kommer till produktionsavdelningen, som är hjärtat för verksamheten. Det är här produkterna vi konsumenter drömmer om visualiseras, definieras och förbereds för att komma till liv. Företagen är därför i mån av att ha en produktion som producerar konkurrenskraftigt i en hög hastighet, men också resurssnålt och tillförlitligt. Teknisk tillgänglighet är det nyckeltal som beskriver huruvida verksamhetens utrustning lever upp till sina förväntningar och är idag ett av de vanligaste nyckeltalen som används inom industrisektorn. Nyckeltalet är en procentsats som beskriver den andel av organisationens utrustning som är tillgänglig under den planerade produktionstiden, och används för att kunna mäta utrustningens prestation men också för att kunna prediktera och förebygga produktionsstopp. I denna studie så har vi beräknat den tekniska tillgängligheten på ett utav Scanias monteringslinjer genom att beräkna maskinernas MTBF och MTTR med hänsyn till seriella och parallella sammankopplingar. I resultatet framgår det att tillgänglighets förluster enkelt kan undvikas genom att använda sig utav redundans samt att enstaka maskiner bristfälliga prestation kan dra ner det slutgiltiga resultatet på grund av maskinernas seriella sammanslutningar till varandra och på så vis göra resultatet missvisande. Vidare kan man dra slutsatsen att värdefull information som kan användas för strategiskt beslutsfattande inom produktionsavdelningen inte nödvändigtvis utvinns ur den tekniska tillgängligheten utan istället av dess byggstenar MTTR och MTBF.Dessa nyckeltal kan användas för att validera organisationens underhållsstrategier, samt för att prediktera och förebygga maskinhaverier. I Scanias fall är tillgängligheten på den avdelningen som studien baserats på så pass hög att det inte riktigt finns rum för förbättring som kan uppnås på personalnivå, och eventuella mål om förbättringar kan kännas långsökta. Som en lösning till detta kan man se över att istället titta på MTBF och MTTR med avseende på samtliga maskiner av samma typ istället för att titta på de individuella. Detta för att få ett medelvärde som representerar maskintypens genomsnittliga presentation på avdelningen. Genom detta så får man en siffra som personalen på underhållsavdelningen kan vara med och påverka denna siffra på en daglig eller veckobasis istället för 6 månaders period. / The manufacturing industry is characterized by continuous development and improvement work, especially when it comes to its production department which is the heart of the business. This is where the products we consumers dream of are visualized, defined, and prepared to come to life. The companies are therefore subject to having a production that produces competitively at a high speed, but also resource-efficient and reliable. Technical availability is the key figure that describes whether the company's equipment lives up to its expectations and is today one of the most common key figures used in the industrial sector. The key figure is a percentage that describes the proportion of the organization's equipment that is available during the planned production period and is used to measure the equipment's performance but also to predict and prevent production stoppages. In this study, we have calculated the technical availability of one of Scania's assembly lines by calculating their machines MTBF and MTTR with regard to serial and parallel interconnections. The result shows that availability losses can easily be avoided by using redundancy and that individual machines' poor performances can reduce the final result due to the machines' serial connections to each other. Furthermore, it can be concluded that valuable information that can be used for strategic decision-making within the production department is not necessarily extracted from the technical availability but instead from analyzing its building blocks MTTR and MTBF. These key figures can be used to validate the organization's maintenance strategies, as well as to predict and prevent machine breakdowns. In Scania's case, the availability of the department on which the study is based is so high that there is not really room for improvement that can be achieved at staff level, and any goals for improvement may feel far-fetched. As a solution to this, you can instead look at MTBF and MTTR with respect to all machines of the same type instead of looking at them individually. This will get you a value that represents the machine group's average performance in the department. With this you will get a figure that the staff in the maintenance department can be involved in and influence on a daily or weekly basis instead of a 6-month period.

This master´s thesis describes the production process in Japanese enterprise Daikin Device Czech Republic s.r.o. with emphasis on the production schedule, equipment and manufacturing system with elements of lean production. According to the production process analysis at the given production line a new solution of the production process has been suggested to increase production efficiency. This conception has been implemented and compared to the production process before, as well as to the assumed production process after increasing the efficiency.